Release date: 2021-??-?? (AS OF 2021-06-20)
PostgreSQL 14 contains many new features and enhancements, including:
The above items and other new features of PostgreSQL 14 are explained in more detail in the sections below.
A dump/restore using pg_dumpall or use of pg_upgrade or logical replication is required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous release. See Section 19.6 for general information on migrating to new major releases.
Version 14 contains a number of changes that may affect compatibility with previous releases. Observe the following incompatibilities:
Prevent the containment operators (<@ and @>) for intarray from using GiST indexes (Tom Lane)
Previously a full GiST index scan was required, so just avoid that and scan the heap, which is faster. Indexes created for this purpose should be removed.
Remove deprecated containment operators @ and ~ for built-in geometric data types and contrib modules cube, hstore, intarray, and seg (Justin Pryzby)
The more consistent <@ and @> have been recommended for many years.
Fix to_tsquery()
and websearch_to_tsquery()
to properly parse
query text containing discarded tokens (Alexander Korotkov)
Certain discarded tokens, like underscore, caused the output of these functions to produce incorrect tsquery output, e.g., both websearch_to_tsquery('"pg_class pg"') and to_tsquery('pg_class <-> pg') used to output '( pg & class ) <-> pg', but now both output 'pg <-> class <-> pg'.
Fix websearch_to_tsquery()
to properly parse multiple adjacent discarded tokens in quotes
(Alexander Korotkov)
Previously, quoted text that contained multiple adjacent discarded tokens were treated as multiple tokens, causing incorrect tsquery output, e.g., websearch_to_tsquery('"aaa: bbb"') used to output 'aaa <2> bbb', but now outputs 'aaa <-> bbb'.
Change the default of the password_encryption
server parameter to scram-sha-256
(Peter
Eisentraut)
Previously it was md5
. All new passwords will
be stored as SHA256 unless this server variable is changed or
the password is specified in md5 format. Also, the legacy (and
undocumented) boolean-like values which were previously synonyms
for md5
are no longer accepted.
Overhaul the specification of clientcert
in pg_hba.conf
(Kyotaro Horiguchi)
Values
1
/0
/no-verify
are no longer supported; only the strings
verify-ca
and verify-full
can be used. Also, disallow verify-ca
if cert
authentication is enabled since cert requires
verify-full
checking.
Remove support for SSL compression (Daniel Gustafsson, Michael Paquier)
This was already disabled by default in previous Postgres releases, and most modern OpenSSL and TLS versions no longer support it.
Remove server and libpq support for the version 2 wire protocol (Heikki Linnakangas)
This was last used as the default in Postgres 7.3 (year 2002).
Change EXTRACT
to return the NUMERIC
data type (Peter Eisentraut)
EXTRACT(date)
now throws an error for units
that are not part of the date data type.
Fix handling of infinite window function ranges (Tom Lane)
Previously window frame clauses like 'inf' PRECEDING AND
'inf' FOLLOWING
returned incorrect results.
Prevent tablefunc's function
normal_rand()
from accepting negative values
(Ashutosh Bapat)
Negative values produced undesirable results.
Change var_samp()
and stddev_samp()
with numeric parameters to
return NULL for a single NaN value (Tom Lane)
Previously NaN
was returned.
User-defined objects that reference some built-in array functions along with their argument types must be recreated (Tom Lane)
Specifically, array_append()
,
array_prepend()
,
array_cat()
,
array_position()
,
array_positions()
,
array_remove()
,
array_replace()
, or width_bucket()
used to take anyarray
arguments but now take
anycompatiblearray
. Therefore, user-defined objects
like aggregates and operators that reference old array function
signatures must be dropped before upgrading and recreated once the
upgrade completes.
Remove factorial operators !
and
!!
(Mark Dilger)
The factorial()
function is still supported. Also remove function
numeric_fac()
.
Disallow factorial()
of negative numbers
(Peter Eisentraut)
Previously such cases returned 1.
Remove support for postfix (right-unary) operators (Mark Dilger)
pg_dump and pg_upgrade will warn if postfix operators are being dumped.
Allow \D
and \W
shorthands to
match newlines in regular
expression newline-sensitive mode (Tom Lane)
Previously they did not match; [^[:digit:]]
or
[^[:word:]]
can be used to get the old behavior.
Improve handling of regular expression back-references (Tom Lane)
For example, disregard ^
in its expansion in
\1
in (^\d+).*\1
.
Disallow \w
as range start/end in character
classes (Tom Lane)
This previously was allowed but produced incorrect results.
Require custom server variable names to use only character which are valid for unquoted SQL identifiers (Tom Lane)
Remove server variable
vacuum_cleanup_index_scale_factor
(Peter Geoghegan)
This setting was ignored starting in PostgreSQL version 13.3.
Return false for has_column_privilege()
checks on non-existent or dropped columns when using attribute
numbers (Joe Conway)
Previously such attribute numbers returned an invalid column error.
Pass doubled quote marks in Chapter 36 SQL command strings literally (Tom Lane)
Previously 'abc''def'
was passed to the server
as 'abc'def'
, and "abc""def"
was passed as "abc"def"
.
Disallow single-quoting of the language name in the
CREATE/DROP
LANGUAGE
command (Peter Eisentraut)
Remove contrib program pg_standby (Justin Pryzby)
Remove composite types for sequences or toast tables (Tom Lane)
Remove operator_precedence_warning
setting
(Tom Lane)
This was needed for warning applications about PostgreSQL 9.5 changes.
Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between PostgreSQL 14 and the previous major release.
Add predefined roles pg_read_all_data
and pg_write_all_data
(Stephen Frost)
These non-login roles can be used to give read or write permission to all tables, views, and sequences.
Add a predefined role to match the database owner (Noah Misch)
It is called pg_database_owner
;
this is useful in template databases.
Remove temporary files after backend crashes (Euler Taveira)
These files were previously retained for debugging purposes; deletion can be disabled with remove_temp_files_after_crash.
Allow long-running queries to be canceled if the client disconnects (Sergey Cherkashin, Thomas Munro)
The server variable client_connection_check_interval allows some supported operating systems to automatically cancel queries by disconnected clients.
Add an optional timeout parameter to pg_terminate_backend()
Allow wide tuples to be always added to almost-empty heap pages (John Naylor, Floris van Nee)
Previously tuples whose insertion would have exceeded the page's fill factor were instead added to new pages.
Add Server Name Indication (SNI) for SSL connection packets (Peter Eisentraut)
This can be disabled by turning off client option sslsni
.
Allow vacuum to skip index vacuuming when the number of removable index entries is insignificant (Masahiko Sawada, Peter Geoghegan)
The vacuum parameter INDEX_CLEANUP
has a
new default of auto
to enable this optimization.
Allow vacuum to eagerly add newly deleted btree pages to the free space map (Peter Geoghegan)
Previously vacuum could only place preexisting deleted pages in the free space map.
Allow vacuum to reclaim space used by unused trailing heap line pointers (Matthias van de Meent, Peter Geoghegan)
Speed up vacuuming of databases with many relations (Tatsuhito Kasahara)
Reduce the default value of vacuum_cost_page_miss to better reflects current hardware capabilities (Peter Geoghegan)
Add ability to skip vacuuming of TOAST tables (Nathan Bossart)
VACUUM
now
has a PROCESS_TOAST
option which can be set to
false to disable TOAST processing, and vacuumdb
has a --no-process-toast
option.
Have COPY FREEZE
appropriately update page visibility bits (Anastasia Lubennikova,
Pavan Deolasee, Jeff Janes)
Cause vacuum operations to be more aggressive if the table is near xid or multixact wraparound (Masahiko Sawada, Peter Geoghegan)
This is controlled by vacuum_failsafe_age and vacuum_multixact_failsafe_age.
Increase warning time and hard limit before transaction id and multi-transaction wraparound (Noah Misch)
This should reduce the possibility of failures that occur without having issued warnings about wraparound.
Autovacuum now analyzes partitioned tables (Yuzuko Hosoya, Álvaro Herrera)
Insert, update, and delete tuple counts from partitions are now propagated to their parent tables so autovacuum knows when to process them.
Add per-index information to autovacuum logging output (Masahiko Sawada)
Improve the performance of updates/deletes on partitioned tables when only a few partitions are affected (Amit Langote, Tom Lane)
This also allows updates/deletes on partitioned tables to use execution-time partition pruning.
Allow partitions to be detached in a non-blocking manner (Álvaro Herrera)
The syntax is ALTER TABLE ... DETACH PARTITION
... CONCURRENTLY
, and FINALIZE
.
Allow arbitrary collations of partition boundary values (Tom Lane)
Previously it had to match the collation of the partition key.
Allow btree index additions to remove expired index entries to prevent page splits (Peter Geoghegan)
This is particularly helpful for reducing index bloat on tables whose indexed columns are frequently updated.
Allow BRIN indexes to record multiple min/max values per range (Tomas Vondra)
This is useful if there are groups of values in each page range.
Allow BRIN indexes to use bloom filters (Tomas Vondra)
This allows BRIN indexes to be used effectively with data that is not physically localized in the heap.
Allow some GiST indexes to be built by presorting the data (Andrey Borodin)
Presorting happens automatically and allows for faster index creation and smaller indexes.
Allow SP-GiST to use
INCLUDE
'd columns (Pavel Borisov)
Allow hash lookup of IN
clause with many
constants (James Coleman, David Rowley)
Previously the only option was to sequentially scan the list of constants.
Increase the number of places extended statistics can
be used for OR
clause estimation (Tomas Vondra,
Dean Rasheed)
Allow extended statistics on expressions (Tomas Vondra)
This allows statistics on a group of expressions and columns,
rather than only columns like previously. System view pg_stats_ext_exprs
reports such statistics. ALTER TABLE ... ALTER COLUMN
... TYPE RESETS STASTISTICS
?
Allow efficient heap scanning of a range of TIDs
(Edmund
Horner, David Rowley)
Previously a sequential scan was required for non-equality
TID
specifications.
Fix EXPLAIN CREATE TABLE
AS
and EXPLAIN CREATE MATERIALIZED
VIEW
to honor IF NOT EXISTS
(Bharath Rupireddy)
Previously, if the object already existed,
EXPLAIN
would fail.
Improve the speed of computing MVCC visibility snapshots on systems with many CPUs and high session counts (Andres Freund)
This also improves performance when there are many idle sessions.
Add executor method to cache results from the inner-side of nested loop joins (David Rowley)
This is useful if only a small percentage of rows is checked on the inner side.
Allow window functions to perform incremental sorts (David Rowley)
Improve the I/O performance of parallel sequential scans (Thomas Munro, David Rowley)
This was done by allocating blocks in groups to parallel workers.
Allow a query referencing multiple foreign tables to perform foreign table scans in parallel (Robert Haas, Kyotaro Horiguchi, Thomas Munro, Etsuro Fujita)
The postgres_fdw
supports these type of scans if async_capable
is set.
Allow analyze to do page prefetching (Stephen Frost)
This is controlled by maintenance_io_concurrency.
Improve the performance of regular expression comparisons (Tom Lane)
Dramatically improve Unicode normalization (John Naylor)
This speeds normalize()
and IS NORMALIZED
.
Add ability to use LZ4 compression on TOAST data (Dilip Kumar)
This can be set at the column level, or set as a default via server
setting default_toast_compression.
The server must be compiled with --with-lz4
to support this feature; the default is still pglz.
If server variable compute_query_id
is enabled, display the query id in pg_stat_activity
,
EXPLAIN
VERBOSE
, csvlog, and optionally in
log_line_prefix (Julien Rouhaud)
A query id computed by an extension will also be displayed.
Add system view pg_backend_memory_contexts
to report session memory usage (Atsushi Torikoshi, Fujii Masao)
Add function pg_log_backend_memory_contexts()
to output the memory contexts of arbitrary backends (Atsushi
Torikoshi)
Improve logging of auto-vacuum and auto-analyze (Stephen Frost, Jakub Wartak)
This reports I/O timings for auto-vacuum and auto-analyze if track_io_timing is enabled. Also, report buffer read and dirty rates for auto-analyze.
Add information about the original user name supplied by the client to the output of log_connections (Jacob Champion)
Add view pg_stat_progress_copy
to report COPY
progress (Josef Šimánek,
Matthias van de Meent)
Add session statistics to the pg_stat_database
system view (Laurenz Albe)
Add columns to pg_prepared_statements
to report generic and custom plan counts (Atsushi Torikoshi,
Kyotaro Horiguchi)
Add lock wait start time to pg_locks
(Atsushi Torikoshi)
Add system view pg_stat_wal
which reports WAL activity (Masahiro Ikeda)
Add system view pg_stat_replication_slots
to report replication slot activity (Sawada Masahiko, Amit Kapila,
Vignesh C)
The function pg_stat_reset_replication_slot()
resets slot statistics.
Improve pg_stat_activity
reporting of walsender processes (Tom Lane)
Previously only SQL commands were reported.
Make the archiver process visible in
pg_stat_activity
(Kyotaro Horiguchi)
Add wait event WalReceiverExit
to report WAL receiver exit wait time (Fujii
Masao)
Implement information schema view routine_column_usage
to track columns referenced by function and procedure default
expressions (Peter Eisentraut)
Allow the certificate's distinguished name (DN) to be matched for client certificate authentication (Andrew Dunstan)
The new pg_hba.conf
keyword clientname=DN
allows comparison with
certificate attributes beyond the CN
and can
be combined with ident maps.
Allow pg_hba.conf
and pg_ident.conf
records to span multiple lines (Fabien Coelho)
A backslash at the end of a line allows record contents to be continued on the next line.
Allow the specification of a certificate revocation list (CRL) directory (Kyotaro Horiguchi)
This is controlled by server variable ssl_crl_dir and libpq connection option sslcrldir. Previously only CRL files could be specified.
Allow passwords of an arbitrary length (Tom Lane, Nathan Bossart)
Add server setting idle_session_timeout to close idle sessions (Li Japin)
This is similar to idle_in_transaction_session_timeout.
Change checkpoint_completion_target default to 0.9 (Stephen Frost)
The previous default was 0.5.
Allow %P in log_line_prefix to report the parallel group leader (Justin Pryzby)
Allow unix_socket_directories to specify paths as individual, comma-separated quoted strings (Ian Lawrence Barwick)
Previously all the paths had to be in a single quoted string.
Allow startup allocation of dynamic shared memory (Thomas Munro)
This is controlled by min_dynamic_shared_memory. This allows more use of huge pages.
Add setting huge_page_size to control the size of huge pages used on Linux (Odin Ugedal)
Allow standby servers to be rewound via pg_rewind (Heikki Linnakangas)
Allow restore_command setting to be changed during a server reload (Sergei Kornilov)
You can also set restore_command
to an empty
string and reload to force recovery to only read from the pg_wal
directory.
Add server variable log_recovery_conflict_waits to report long recovery conflict wait times (Bertrand Drouvot, Masahiko Sawada)
Pause recovery if the primary changes its parameters in a way that prevents replay on the hot standby (Peter Eisentraut)
Previously the standby would shut down immediately.
Add function pg_get_wal_replay_pause_state()
to report the recovery state (Dilip Kumar)
It gives more detailed information than pg_is_wal_replay_paused()
,
which still exists.
Add new server-side variable in_hot_standby (Haribabu Kommi, Greg Nancarrow, Tom Lane)
Speed truncation of small tables during recovery on clusters with a large number of shared buffers (Kirk Jamison)
Allow file system sync at the start of crash recovery on Linux (Thomas Munro)
By default, Postgres opens and fsyncs every data file
at the start of crash recovery. This new setting, recovery_init_sync_method=syncfs
,
instead syncs each filesystem used by the database cluster.
This allows for faster recovery on systems with many database files.
Add function pg_xact_commit_timestamp_origin()
to return the commit timestamp and replication origin of the
specified transaction (Movead Li)
Add the replication origin to the record returned by pg_last_committed_xact()
(Movead Li)
Allow replication origin functions to be controlled using standard function permission controls (Martín Marqués)
Previously these functions could only be executed by super-users, and this is still the default.
Improve signal handling reliability (Fujii Masao)
GENERAL ENOUGH?
Allow logical replication to stream long in-progress transactions to subscribers (Dilip Kumar, Amit Kapila, Ajin Cherian, Tomas Vondra, Nikhil Sontakke, Stas Kelvich)
Previously transactions that exceeded logical_decoding_work_mem were written to disk until the transaction completed.
Enhance the logical replication API to allow streaming large in-progress transactions (Tomas Vondra, Dilip Kumar, Amit Kapila)
The output functions begin with stream
.
test_decoding also supports these.
Allow multiple transactions during table sync in logical replication (Peter Smith, Amit Kapila, and Takamichi Osumi)
Immediately WAL-log subtransaction and top-level
XID
association (Tomas Vondra, Dilip Kumar, Amit
Kapila)
This is useful for logical decoding.
Enhance logical decoding APIs to handle two-phase commits (Ajin Cherian, Amit Kapila, Nikhil Sontakke, Stas Kelvich)
This is controlled via pg_create_logical_replication_slot()
.
Generate WAL invalidation messages during command completion when using logical replication (Dilip Kumar, Tomas Vondra, Amit Kapila)
When logical replication is disabled, WAL invalidation messages are generated at transaction completion. This allows logical streaming of in-progress transactions.
Allow logical decoding to more efficiently process cache invalidation messages (Dilip Kumar)
This allows logical decoding to work efficiently in presence of a large amount of DDL.
Allow control over whether logical decoding messages are sent to the replication stream (David Pirotte, Euler Taveira)
Allow logical replication subscriptions to use binary transfer mode (Dave Cramer)
This is faster than text mode, but slightly less robust.
Allow logical decoding to be filtered by xid (Markus Wanner)
Reduce the number of keywords that can't be used as column labels
without AS
(Mark Dilger)
There are now 90% fewer restricted keywords.
Allow an alias to be specified for JOIN
's
USING
clause (Peter Eisentraut)
The alias is created by using AS
after the
USING
clause and represents an alias for the
USING
columns.
Allow DISTINCT
to be added to GROUP
BY
to remove duplicate GROUPING SET
combinations (Vik Fearing)
For example, GROUP BY CUBE (a,b), CUBE (b,c)
will generate duplicate grouping combinations without
DISTINCT
.
Properly handle DEFAULT
values for columns in
multi-column inserts (Dean Rasheed)
This used to throw an error.
Add SQL-standard SEARCH
and CYCLE
clauses for common table expressions (Peter
Eisentraut)
This could be accomplished previously using existing syntax.
Allow the WHERE
clause of ON
CONFLICT
to be table-qualified (Tom Lane)
Only the target table can be referenced.
Allow REFRESH
MATERIALIZED VIEW
to use parallelism (Bharath
Rupireddy)
Allow REINDEX
to change the tablespace of the new index (Alexey Kondratov,
Michael Paquier, Justin Pryzby)
This is done by specifying a TABLESPACE
clause.
A --tablespace
option was also added to reindexdb
to control this.
Allow REINDEX
to process all child tables or
indexes of a partitioned relation (Justin Pryzby, Michael Paquier)
Improve the performance of COPY
FROM
in binary mode (Bharath Rupireddy, Amit
Langote)
Preserve SQL standard syntax in view definitions, if possible (Tom Lane)
Previously non-function call
SQL standard syntax, e.g. EXTRACT
,
were converted to non-SQL standard function
calls.
Add the SQL-standard
clause GRANTED BY
to GRANT
and REVOKE
(Peter
Eisentraut)
Add OR REPLACE
for CREATE TRIGGER
(Takamichi Osumi)
This allows pre-existing triggers to be conditionally replaced.
Allow TRUNCATE
to
operate on foreign tables (Kazutaka Onishi, Kohei KaiGai)
The postgres_fdw module also now supports this.
Allow publications to be more easily added and removed (Japin Li)
The new syntax is ALTER SUBSCRIPTION
... ADD/DROP PUBLICATION
. This avoids having to
specify all publications to add/remove entries.
Add primary keys, unique constraints, and foreign keys to system catalogs (Peter Eisentraut)
This helps GUI tools analyze the system tables.
Allow CURRENT_ROLE
every place CURRENT_USER
is accepted (Peter
Eisentraut)
Allow extensions and built-in data types to implement subscripting (Dmitry Dolgov)
Previously subscript handling was hard-coded into the server, so that subscripting could only be applied to array types. This change allows subscript notation to be used to extract or assign portions of a value of any type for which the concept makes sense.
Allow subscripting of JSONB
(Dmitry Dolgov)
JSONB
subscripting can be used to extract and assign
to portions of JSONB
documents.
Add support for multirange data types (Paul Jungwirth, Alexander Korotkov)
These are like range data types, but they allow the specification of multiple, ordered, non-overlapping ranges. All existing range types now also support multirange versions.
Add point operators <<| and |>> to be strictly above/below geometry (Emre Hasegeli)
Previously >^ and <^ were marked as performing this test, but non-point geometric operators used these operators for non-strict comparisons, leading to confusion. The old operators still exist but will be eventually removed. ACCURATE?
Add support for the stemming of languages Armenian, Basque, Catalan, Hindi, Serbian, and Yiddish (Peter Eisentraut)
Allow tsearch data files to have unlimited line lengths (Tom Lane)
The previous limit was 4k bytes. Also remove function
t_readline()
.
Add support for infinity
and
-infinity
values to the numeric data type (Tom Lane)
Floating point data types already supported these.
Improve the accuracy of floating point computations involving infinity (Tom Lane)
Have non-zero float values divided by infinity return zero (Kyotaro Horiguchi)
Previously such operations produced underflow errors.
Cause floating-point division of NaN by zero to return NaN (Tom Lane)
Previously this returned an error. Division with Numerics always returned NaN.
Add operators to add and subtract LSN
and numeric
(byte) values (Fujii Masao)
Allow binary data
transfer to be more forgiving of array and record
OID
mismatches (Tom Lane)
Create composite array types for most system relations (Wenjing Zeng)
Allow SQL-language functions and procedures to use SQL-standard function bodies (Peter Eisentraut)
Previously only single-quoted or $$-quoted function bodies were supported.
Allow procedures to have
OUT
parameters (Peter Eisentraut)
Allow some array functions to operate on a mix of compatible data types (Tom Lane)
The functions are array_append()
,
array_prepend()
,
array_cat()
,
array_position()
,
array_positions()
,
array_remove()
,
array_replace()
, and width_bucket()
.
Previously only identical data types could be used.
Add SQL-standard trim_array()
function (Vik Fearing)
This can already be done with array slices.
Add bytea equivalents of ltrim()
and rtrim()
(Joel Jacobson)
Support negative indexes in split_part()
(Nikhil Benesch)
Negative values start from the last field and count backward.
Add string_to_table()
function to split a string on delimiters (Pavel Stehule)
This is similar to the regexp_split_to_table()
function.
Add unistr()
function to allow Unicode characters to be specified as
backslash-hex escapes in strings (Pavel Stehule)
This is similar to how Unicode can be specified in literal string.
Add bit_xor()
XOR aggregate function (Alexey Bashtanov)
Add function bit_count()
to return the number of bits set in a bit or byte string (David
Fetter)
Add date_bin()
function (John Naylor)
The function date_bin()
"bins" the input
timestamp into a specified interval aligned with a specified origin.
Allow make_timestamp()
/make_timestamptz()
to accept negative years (Peter Eisentraut)
They are interpreted as BC
years.
Add newer regular expression substring()
syntax (Peter Eisentraut)
The new syntax is SUBSTRING(text SIMILAR pattern ESCAPE
escapechar)
. The previous standard syntax was
SUBSTRING(text FROM pattern FOR escapechar)
,
and is still supported by Postgres.
Allow complemented character class escapes \D, \S
,
and \W
within regex brackets (Tom Lane)
Add [[:word:]]
as a character class to match \w (Tom Lane)
Allow more flexible data types for default values of lead()
and lag()
window functions (Vik Fearing)
Cause exp()
and
power()
for negative-infinity exponents to
return zero (Tom Lane)
Previously they often returned underflow errors.
Mark built-in type coercion functions as leakproof where possible (Tom Lane)
This allows more use of functions that require type conversion in security-sensitive situations.
Mark pg_stat_get_subscription()
as returning
a set (Tom Lane)
While it worked in previous releases, it didn't report proper optimizer statistics and couldn't be used in the target list. FUNCTION NOT DOCUMENTED.
Prevent inet_server_addr()
and inet_server_port()
from being run by
parallel workers (Masahiko Sawada)
Change pg_describe_object()
,
pg_identify_object()
, and
pg_identify_object_as_address()
to always report
helpful error messages for non-existent objects (Michael Paquier)
Improve PL/pgSQL's expression and assignment parsing (Tom Lane)
This adds nested record and array slicing support.
Allow plpgsql's RETURN
QUERY
to execute its query using parallelism
(Tom Lane)
Improve performance of repeated CALLs within plpgsql procedures (Pavel Stehule, Tom Lane)
Add pipeline mode to libpq (Craig Ringer, Matthieu Garrigues, Álvaro Herrera)
This allows multiple queries to be sent and only wait for completion when a specific synchronization message is sent.
Enhance libpq's target_session_attrs
parameter options (Haribabu Kommi, Greg Nancarrow, Vignesh C,
Tom Lane)
The new options are read-only
,
primary
, standby
, and
prefer-standby
.
Improve the output format of libpq's PQtrace()
(Aya Iwata, Álvaro Herrera)
Allow the libpq service file to have unlimited line lengths (Daniel Gustafsson)
The previous limit was 255 bytes.
Allow an ECPG SQL
identifier to be linked to
a specific connection (Hayato Kuroda)
This is done via DECLARE
... STATEMENT
.
Allow vacuumdb to skip index cleanup and truncation (Nathan Bossart)
The options are --no-index-cleanup
and
--no-truncate
.
Allow pg_dump to dump only certain extensions (Guillaume Lelarge)
This is controlled by option --extension
.
Add pgbench
permute()
function to randomly shuffle values
(Fabien Coelho, Hironobu Suzuki, Dean Rasheed)
Allow multiple verbose option specifications (-v
)
to increase the logging verbosity (Tom Lane)
This is now supported by pg_dump, pg_dumpall, and pg_restore.
Allow psql's \df and \do commands to specify function and operator argument types (Greg Sabino Mullane, Tom Lane)
This helps reduce the number of matches for overloaded entries.
Add an access method column to psql's \d[i|m|t]+ output (Georgios Kokolatos)
Allow psql's \dt and \di to show TOAST tables and their indexes (Justin Pryzby)
Add psql command \dX to list extended statistics objects (Tatsuro Yamada)
Fix psql's \dT to understand array syntax and backend grammar aliases, like "int" for "integer" (Greg Sabino Mullane, Tom Lane)
When editing the previous query or a file with psql's \e, or using \ef and \ev, ignore the contents if the editor exits without saving (Laurenz Albe)
Previously, such edits would still execute the editor contents.
Improve psql's handling of \connect
with -reuse-previous
(Tom Lane)
Specifically, properly reuse the password previously specified, and prompt for a new password if the previous one failed.
Improve tab completion (Vignesh C, Michael Paquier, Justin Pryzby, Georgios Kokolatos, Julien Rouhaud, ADD NAMES)
Add command-line utility pg_amcheck to simplify running contrib/amcheck operations on many relations (Mark Dilger)
Add --no-instructions
option to initdb
(Magnus Hagander)
This removes the server start instructions that are normally output.
Stop pg_upgrade
from creating analyze_new_cluster
script
(Michael Paquier)
Instead, give comparable vacuumdb instructions.
Remove support for the postmaster
-o
option (Magnus Hagander)
This option was unnecessary since all passed options could already be specified directly.
Rename "Default Roles" to "Predefined Roles" (Bruce Momjian, Stephen Frost)
Add documentation for the factorial()
function (Peter Eisentraut)
With the removal of the ! operator in this release,
factorial()
is the only built-in way to compute
a factorial.
Add configure option --with-ssl={openssl}
to behave like --with-openssl
(Daniel Gustafsson,
Michael Paquier)
The option --with-openssl
is kept for
compatibility.
Add support for abstract Unix-domain sockets (Peter Eisentraut)
This is currently supported on Linux and Windows.
Allow Windows to properly handle files larger than four gigabytes (Juan José Santamaría Flecha)
For example this allows COPY,
WAL
files, and relation segment files to be larger than four gigabytes.
Add debug_invalidate_system_caches_always to control cache overwriting (Craig Ringer)
Previously this could only be controlled at compile time and is enabled only in assert builds.
Various improvements in valgrind detection (Álvaro Herrera, Peter Geoghegan)
Add a test module for the regular expression package (Tom Lane)
Add support for LLVM version 12 (Andres Freund)
Change SHA1, SHA2, and MD5 hash computations to use the OpenSSL EVP API (Michael Paquier)
This is more modern and supports FIPS mode.
Remove build control over the random library used (Daniel Gustafsson)
Add direct conversion routines between EUC_TW and Big5 (Heikki Linnakangas)
Add collation versions for FreeBSD (Thomas Munro)
Add amadjustmembers
to the index access method API (Tom Lane)
REMOVE?
Allow subscripting of hstore values (Tom Lane, Dmitry Dolgov)
Allow GiST/GIN pg_trgm indexes to do equality lookups (Julien Rouhaud)
This is similar to LIKE
except no wildcards
are honored.
Allow the cube data type to be transferred in binary mode (KaiGai Kohei)
Allow pgstattuple_approx()
to report on
TOAST tables (Peter Eisentraut)
Add contrib module pg_surgery which allows changes to row visibility (Ashutosh Sharma)
This is useful for correcting database corruption.
Add contrib module old_snapshot
to report the XID
/time mapping used by an active
old_snapshot_threshold (Robert Haas)
Allow amcheck to also check heap pages (Mark Dilger)
Previously it only checked B-Tree index pages.
Allow pageinspect to inspect GiST indexes (Andrey Borodin, Heikki Linnakangas)
Change pageinspect block numbers
to be bigints
(Peter Eisentraut)
Mark btree_gist functions as parallel safe (Steven Winfield)
Move query hash computation from pg_stat_statements to the core server (Julien Rouhaud)
The new server variable compute_query_id's
default of auto
will automatically enable query
id computation when this extension is loaded.
Allow pg_stat_statements to track top and nested statements independently (Julien Rohaud)
Previously, when tracking all statements, identical top and nested statements were tracked together.
Add row counts for utility commands to
pg_stat_statements
(Fujii Masao, Katsuragi
Yuta, Seino Yuki)
Add pg_stat_statements_info
system view
to show pg_stat_statements
activity
(Katsuragi Yuta, Yuki Seino, Naoki Nakamichi)
Allow postgres_fdw to
INSERT
rows in bulk (Takayuki Tsunakawa, Tomas
Vondra, Amit Langote)
Allow postgres_fdw
to import table partitions if specified by IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA
... LIMIT TO
(Matthias van de Meent)
By default, only the root of partitioned tables is imported.
Add postgres_fdw function
postgres_fdw_get_connections()
to report open
foreign server connections (Bharath Rupireddy)
Allow control over whether foreign servers keep connections open after transaction completion (Bharath Rupireddy)
This is controlled by keep_connections
and
defaults to on.
Allow postgres_fdw to reestablish foreign server connections if necessary (Bharath Rupireddy)
Previously foreign server restarts could cause foreign table access errors.
Add postgres_fdw functions to discard cached connections (Bharath Rupireddy)
The following individuals (in alphabetical order) have contributed to this release as patch authors, committers, reviewers, testers, or reporters of issues.