001/* 002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 003 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with 004 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. 005 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 006 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with 007 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 008 * 009 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 010 * 011 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 012 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 013 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 014 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 015 * limitations under the License. 016 */ 017package org.openstreetmap.josm.data.validation.routines; 018 019import java.net.IDN; 020import java.util.Arrays; 021import java.util.Locale; 022 023/** 024 * <p><b>Domain name</b> validation routines.</p> 025 * 026 * <p> 027 * This validator provides methods for validating Internet domain names 028 * and top-level domains. 029 * </p> 030 * 031 * <p>Domain names are evaluated according 032 * to the standards <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC1034</a>, 033 * section 3, and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a>, 034 * section 2.1. No accommodation is provided for the specialized needs of 035 * other applications; if the domain name has been URL-encoded, for example, 036 * validation will fail even though the equivalent plaintext version of the 037 * same name would have passed. 038 * </p> 039 * 040 * <p> 041 * Validation is also provided for top-level domains (TLDs) as defined and 042 * maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA): 043 * </p> 044 * 045 * <ul> 046 * <li>{@link #isValidInfrastructureTld} - validates infrastructure TLDs 047 * (<code>.arpa</code>, etc.)</li> 048 * <li>{@link #isValidGenericTld} - validates generic TLDs 049 * (<code>.com, .org</code>, etc.)</li> 050 * <li>{@link #isValidCountryCodeTld} - validates country code TLDs 051 * (<code>.us, .uk, .cn</code>, etc.)</li> 052 * </ul> 053 * 054 * <p> 055 * (<b>NOTE</b>: This class does not provide IP address lookup for domain names or 056 * methods to ensure that a given domain name matches a specific IP; see 057 * {@link java.net.InetAddress} for that functionality.) 058 * </p> 059 * 060 * @version $Revision: 1725571 $ 061 * @since Validator 1.4 062 */ 063public final class DomainValidator extends AbstractValidator { 064 065 private static final int MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH = 253; 066 067 private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = new String[0]; 068 069 // Regular expression strings for hostnames (derived from RFC2396 and RFC 1123) 070 071 // RFC2396: domainlabel = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum 072 // Max 63 characters 073 private static final String DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alnum}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?"; 074 075 // RFC2396 toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum 076 // Max 63 characters 077 private static final String TOP_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alpha}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?"; 078 079 // RFC2396 hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ] 080 // Note that the regex currently requires both a domain label and a top level label, whereas 081 // the RFC does not. This is because the regex is used to detect if a TLD is present. 082 // If the match fails, input is checked against DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX (hostnameRegex) 083 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit 084 private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX = 085 "^(?:" + DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX + "\\.)+" + "(" + TOP_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.?$"; 086 087 private final boolean allowLocal; 088 089 /** 090 * Singleton instance of this validator, which 091 * doesn't consider local addresses as valid. 092 */ 093 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR = new DomainValidator(false); 094 095 /** 096 * Singleton instance of this validator, which does 097 * consider local addresses valid. 098 */ 099 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL = new DomainValidator(true); 100 101 /** 102 * RegexValidator for matching domains. 103 */ 104 private final RegexValidator domainRegex = 105 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX); 106 /** 107 * RegexValidator for matching a local hostname 108 */ 109 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit 110 private final RegexValidator hostnameRegex = 111 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX); 112 113 /** 114 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator. It 115 * will not consider local addresses as valid. 116 * @return the singleton instance of this validator 117 */ 118 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance() { 119 inUse = true; 120 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR; 121 } 122 123 /** 124 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator, 125 * with local validation as required. 126 * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid? 127 * @return the singleton instance of this validator 128 */ 129 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(boolean allowLocal) { 130 inUse = true; 131 if (allowLocal) { 132 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL; 133 } 134 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR; 135 } 136 137 /** 138 * Private constructor. 139 * @param allowLocal whether to allow local domains 140 */ 141 private DomainValidator(boolean allowLocal) { 142 this.allowLocal = allowLocal; 143 } 144 145 /** 146 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> parses 147 * as a valid domain name with a recognized top-level domain. 148 * The parsing is case-insensitive. 149 * @param domain the parameter to check for domain name syntax 150 * @return true if the parameter is a valid domain name 151 */ 152 @Override 153 public boolean isValid(String domain) { 154 if (domain == null) { 155 return false; 156 } 157 domain = unicodeToASCII(domain); 158 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode 159 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode 160 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII 161 // checks in the regexes below 162 if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) { 163 return false; 164 } 165 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain); 166 if (groups != null && groups.length > 0) { 167 return isValidTld(groups[0]); 168 } 169 return allowLocal && hostnameRegex.isValid(domain); 170 } 171 172 @Override 173 public String getValidatorName() { 174 return null; 175 } 176 177 // package protected for unit test access 178 // must agree with isValid() above 179 boolean isValidDomainSyntax(String domain) { 180 if (domain == null) { 181 return false; 182 } 183 domain = unicodeToASCII(domain); 184 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode 185 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode 186 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII 187 // checks in the regexes below 188 if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) { 189 return false; 190 } 191 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain); 192 return (groups != null && groups.length > 0) 193 || hostnameRegex.isValid(domain); 194 } 195 196 /** 197 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 198 * IANA-defined top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present. 199 * The search is case-insensitive. 200 * @param tld the parameter to check for TLD status, not null 201 * @return true if the parameter is a TLD 202 */ 203 public boolean isValidTld(String tld) { 204 tld = unicodeToASCII(tld); 205 if (allowLocal && isValidLocalTld(tld)) { 206 return true; 207 } 208 return isValidInfrastructureTld(tld) 209 || isValidGenericTld(tld) 210 || isValidCountryCodeTld(tld); 211 } 212 213 /** 214 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 215 * IANA-defined infrastructure top-level domain. Leading dots are 216 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 217 * @param iTld the parameter to check for infrastructure TLD status, not null 218 * @return true if the parameter is an infrastructure TLD 219 */ 220 public boolean isValidInfrastructureTld(String iTld) { 221 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(iTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 222 return arrayContains(INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS, key); 223 } 224 225 /** 226 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 227 * IANA-defined generic top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored 228 * if present. The search is case-insensitive. 229 * @param gTld the parameter to check for generic TLD status, not null 230 * @return true if the parameter is a generic TLD 231 */ 232 public boolean isValidGenericTld(String gTld) { 233 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(gTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 234 return (arrayContains(GENERIC_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(genericTLDsPlus, key)) 235 && !arrayContains(genericTLDsMinus, key); 236 } 237 238 /** 239 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 240 * IANA-defined country code top-level domain. Leading dots are 241 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 242 * @param ccTld the parameter to check for country code TLD status, not null 243 * @return true if the parameter is a country code TLD 244 */ 245 public boolean isValidCountryCodeTld(String ccTld) { 246 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(ccTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 247 return (arrayContains(COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsPlus, key)) 248 && !arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsMinus, key); 249 } 250 251 /** 252 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 253 * widely used "local" domains (localhost or localdomain). Leading dots are 254 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 255 * @param lTld the parameter to check for local TLD status, not null 256 * @return true if the parameter is an local TLD 257 */ 258 public boolean isValidLocalTld(String lTld) { 259 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(lTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 260 return arrayContains(LOCAL_TLDS, key); 261 } 262 263 private static String chompLeadingDot(String str) { 264 if (str.startsWith(".")) { 265 return str.substring(1); 266 } 267 return str; 268 } 269 270 // --------------------------------------------- 271 // ----- TLDs defined by IANA 272 // ----- Authoritative and comprehensive list at: 273 // ----- http://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt 274 275 // Note that the above list is in UPPER case. 276 // The code currently converts strings to lower case (as per the tables below) 277 278 // IANA also provide an HTML list at http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db 279 // Note that this contains several country code entries which are NOT in 280 // the text file. These all have the "Not assigned" in the "Sponsoring Organisation" column 281 // For example (as of 2015-01-02): 282 // .bl country-code Not assigned 283 // .um country-code Not assigned 284 285 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 286 private static final String[] INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS = new String[] { 287 "arpa", // internet infrastructure 288 }; 289 290 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 291 private static final String[] GENERIC_TLDS = new String[] { 292 // Taken from Version 2016031001, Last Updated Fri Mar 11 07:07:01 2016 UTC 293 "aaa", // aaa American Automobile Association, Inc. 294 "aarp", // aarp AARP 295 "abb", // abb ABB Ltd 296 "abbott", // abbott Abbott Laboratories, Inc. 297 "abogado", // abogado Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 298 "academy", // academy Half Oaks, LLC 299 "accenture", // accenture Accenture plc 300 "accountant", // accountant dot Accountant Limited 301 "accountants", // accountants Knob Town, LLC 302 "aco", // aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG 303 "active", // active The Active Network, Inc 304 "actor", // actor United TLD Holdco Ltd. 305 "adac", // adac Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC) 306 "ads", // ads Charleston Road Registry Inc. 307 "adult", // adult ICM Registry AD LLC 308 "aeg", // aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux 309 "aero", // aero Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique (SITA INC USA) 310 "afl", // afl Australian Football League 311 "agency", // agency Steel Falls, LLC 312 "aig", // aig American International Group, Inc. 313 "airforce", // airforce United TLD Holdco Ltd. 314 "airtel", // airtel Bharti Airtel Limited 315 "alibaba", // alibaba Alibaba Group Holding Limited 316 "alipay", // alipay Alibaba Group Holding Limited 317 "allfinanz", // allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft 318 "alsace", // alsace REGION D ALSACE 319 "amica", // amica Amica Mutual Insurance Company 320 "amsterdam", // amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam 321 "analytics", // analytics Campus IP LLC 322 "android", // android Charleston Road Registry Inc. 323 "apartments", // apartments June Maple, LLC 324 "app", // app Charleston Road Registry Inc. 325 "apple", // apple Apple Inc. 326 "aquarelle", // aquarelle Aquarelle.com 327 "aramco", // aramco Aramco Services Company 328 "archi", // archi STARTING DOT LIMITED 329 "army", // army United TLD Holdco Ltd. 330 "arte", // arte Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E. 331 "asia", // asia DotAsia Organisation Ltd. 332 "associates", // associates Baxter Hill, LLC 333 "attorney", // attorney United TLD Holdco, Ltd 334 "auction", // auction United TLD HoldCo, Ltd. 335 "audi", // audi AUDI Aktiengesellschaft 336 "audio", // audio Uniregistry, Corp. 337 "author", // author Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 338 "auto", // auto Uniregistry, Corp. 339 "autos", // autos DERAutos, LLC 340 "avianca", // avianca Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A. Avianca 341 "axa", // axa AXA SA 342 "azure", // azure Microsoft Corporation 343 "baidu", // baidu Baidu, Inc. 344 "band", // band United TLD Holdco, Ltd 345 "bank", // bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC 346 "bar", // bar Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable 347 "barcelona", // barcelona Municipi de Barcelona 348 "barclaycard", // barclaycard Barclays Bank PLC 349 "barclays", // barclays Barclays Bank PLC 350 "bargains", // bargains Half Hallow, LLC 351 "bauhaus", // bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH 352 "bayern", // bayern Bayern Connect GmbH 353 "bbc", // bbc British Broadcasting Corporation 354 "bbva", // bbva BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A. 355 "bcg", // bcg The Boston Consulting Group, Inc. 356 "bcn", // bcn Municipi de Barcelona 357 "beats", // beats Beats Electronics, LLC 358 "beer", // beer Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 359 "bentley", // bentley Bentley Motors Limited 360 "berlin", // berlin dotBERLIN GmbH & Co. KG 361 "best", // best BestTLD Pty Ltd 362 "bet", // bet Afilias plc 363 "bharti", // bharti Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited 364 "bible", // bible American Bible Society 365 "bid", // bid dot Bid Limited 366 "bike", // bike Grand Hollow, LLC 367 "bing", // bing Microsoft Corporation 368 "bingo", // bingo Sand Cedar, LLC 369 "bio", // bio STARTING DOT LIMITED 370 "biz", // biz Neustar, Inc. 371 "black", // black Afilias Limited 372 "blackfriday", // blackfriday Uniregistry, Corp. 373 "bloomberg", // bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC 374 "blue", // blue Afilias Limited 375 "bms", // bms Bristol-Myers Squibb Company 376 "bmw", // bmw Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft 377 "bnl", // bnl Banca Nazionale del Lavoro 378 "bnpparibas", // bnpparibas BNP Paribas 379 "boats", // boats DERBoats, LLC 380 "boehringer", // boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH 381 "bom", // bom Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br 382 "bond", // bond Bond University Limited 383 "boo", // boo Charleston Road Registry Inc. 384 "book", // book Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 385 "boots", // boots THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC 386 "bosch", // bosch Robert Bosch GMBH 387 "bostik", // bostik Bostik SA 388 "bot", // bot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 389 "boutique", // boutique Over Galley, LLC 390 "bradesco", // bradesco Banco Bradesco S.A. 391 "bridgestone", // bridgestone Bridgestone Corporation 392 "broadway", // broadway Celebrate Broadway, Inc. 393 "broker", // broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD 394 "brother", // brother Brother Industries, Ltd. 395 "brussels", // brussels DNS.be vzw 396 "budapest", // budapest Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 397 "bugatti", // bugatti Bugatti International SA 398 "build", // build Plan Bee LLC 399 "builders", // builders Atomic Madison, LLC 400 "business", // business Spring Cross, LLC 401 "buy", // buy Amazon Registry Services, INC 402 "buzz", // buzz DOTSTRATEGY CO. 403 "bzh", // bzh Association www.bzh 404 "cab", // cab Half Sunset, LLC 405 "cafe", // cafe Pioneer Canyon, LLC 406 "cal", // cal Charleston Road Registry Inc. 407 "call", // call Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 408 "camera", // camera Atomic Maple, LLC 409 "camp", // camp Delta Dynamite, LLC 410 "cancerresearch", // cancerresearch Australian Cancer Research Foundation 411 "canon", // canon Canon Inc. 412 "capetown", // capetown ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 413 "capital", // capital Delta Mill, LLC 414 "car", // car Cars Registry Limited 415 "caravan", // caravan Caravan International, Inc. 416 "cards", // cards Foggy Hollow, LLC 417 "care", // care Goose Cross, LLC 418 "career", // career dotCareer LLC 419 "careers", // careers Wild Corner, LLC 420 "cars", // cars Uniregistry, Corp. 421 "cartier", // cartier Richemont DNS Inc. 422 "casa", // casa Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 423 "cash", // cash Delta Lake, LLC 424 "casino", // casino Binky Sky, LLC 425 "cat", // cat Fundacio puntCAT 426 "catering", // catering New Falls. LLC 427 "cba", // cba COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 428 "cbn", // cbn The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc. 429 "ceb", // ceb The Corporate Executive Board Company 430 "center", // center Tin Mill, LLC 431 "ceo", // ceo CEOTLD Pty Ltd 432 "cern", // cern European Organization for Nuclear Research ("CERN") 433 "cfa", // cfa CFA Institute 434 "cfd", // cfd DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD 435 "chanel", // chanel Chanel International B.V. 436 "channel", // channel Charleston Road Registry Inc. 437 "chase", // chase JPMorgan Chase & Co. 438 "chat", // chat Sand Fields, LLC 439 "cheap", // cheap Sand Cover, LLC 440 "chloe", // chloe Richemont DNS Inc. 441 "christmas", // christmas Uniregistry, Corp. 442 "chrome", // chrome Charleston Road Registry Inc. 443 "church", // church Holly Fileds, LLC 444 "cipriani", // cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl 445 "circle", // circle Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 446 "cisco", // cisco Cisco Technology, Inc. 447 "citic", // citic CITIC Group Corporation 448 "city", // city Snow Sky, LLC 449 "cityeats", // cityeats Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 450 "claims", // claims Black Corner, LLC 451 "cleaning", // cleaning Fox Shadow, LLC 452 "click", // click Uniregistry, Corp. 453 "clinic", // clinic Goose Park, LLC 454 "clinique", // clinique The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 455 "clothing", // clothing Steel Lake, LLC 456 "cloud", // cloud ARUBA S.p.A. 457 "club", // club .CLUB DOMAINS, LLC 458 "clubmed", // clubmed Club Méditerranée S.A. 459 "coach", // coach Koko Island, LLC 460 "codes", // codes Puff Willow, LLC 461 "coffee", // coffee Trixy Cover, LLC 462 "college", // college XYZ.COM LLC 463 "cologne", // cologne NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH 464 "com", // com VeriSign Global Registry Services 465 "commbank", // commbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 466 "community", // community Fox Orchard, LLC 467 "company", // company Silver Avenue, LLC 468 "compare", // compare iSelect Ltd 469 "computer", // computer Pine Mill, LLC 470 "comsec", // comsec VeriSign, Inc. 471 "condos", // condos Pine House, LLC 472 "construction", // construction Fox Dynamite, LLC 473 "consulting", // consulting United TLD Holdco, LTD. 474 "contact", // contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 475 "contractors", // contractors Magic Woods, LLC 476 "cooking", // cooking Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 477 "cool", // cool Koko Lake, LLC 478 "coop", // coop DotCooperation LLC 479 "corsica", // corsica Collectivité Territoriale de Corse 480 "country", // country Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 481 "coupon", // coupon Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 482 "coupons", // coupons Black Island, LLC 483 "courses", // courses OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 484 "credit", // credit Snow Shadow, LLC 485 "creditcard", // creditcard Binky Frostbite, LLC 486 "creditunion", // creditunion CUNA Performance Resources, LLC 487 "cricket", // cricket dot Cricket Limited 488 "crown", // crown Crown Equipment Corporation 489 "crs", // crs Federated Co-operatives Limited 490 "cruises", // cruises Spring Way, LLC 491 "csc", // csc Alliance-One Services, Inc. 492 "cuisinella", // cuisinella SALM S.A.S. 493 "cymru", // cymru Nominet UK 494 "cyou", // cyou Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. 495 "dabur", // dabur Dabur India Limited 496 "dad", // dad Charleston Road Registry Inc. 497 "dance", // dance United TLD Holdco Ltd. 498 "date", // date dot Date Limited 499 "dating", // dating Pine Fest, LLC 500 "datsun", // datsun NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 501 "day", // day Charleston Road Registry Inc. 502 "dclk", // dclk Charleston Road Registry Inc. 503 "dealer", // dealer Dealer Dot Com, Inc. 504 "deals", // deals Sand Sunset, LLC 505 "degree", // degree United TLD Holdco, Ltd 506 "delivery", // delivery Steel Station, LLC 507 "dell", // dell Dell Inc. 508 "deloitte", // deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu 509 "delta", // delta Delta Air Lines, Inc. 510 "democrat", // democrat United TLD Holdco Ltd. 511 "dental", // dental Tin Birch, LLC 512 "dentist", // dentist United TLD Holdco, Ltd 513 "desi", // desi Desi Networks LLC 514 "design", // design Top Level Design, LLC 515 "dev", // dev Charleston Road Registry Inc. 516 "diamonds", // diamonds John Edge, LLC 517 "diet", // diet Uniregistry, Corp. 518 "digital", // digital Dash Park, LLC 519 "direct", // direct Half Trail, LLC 520 "directory", // directory Extra Madison, LLC 521 "discount", // discount Holly Hill, LLC 522 "dnp", // dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. 523 "docs", // docs Charleston Road Registry Inc. 524 "dog", // dog Koko Mill, LLC 525 "doha", // doha Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA) 526 "domains", // domains Sugar Cross, LLC 527 "download", // download dot Support Limited 528 "drive", // drive Charleston Road Registry Inc. 529 "dubai", // dubai Dubai Smart Government Department 530 "durban", // durban ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 531 "dvag", // dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 532 "earth", // earth Interlink Co., Ltd. 533 "eat", // eat Charleston Road Registry Inc. 534 "edeka", // edeka EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V. 535 "edu", // edu EDUCAUSE 536 "education", // education Brice Way, LLC 537 "email", // email Spring Madison, LLC 538 "emerck", // emerck Merck KGaA 539 "energy", // energy Binky Birch, LLC 540 "engineer", // engineer United TLD Holdco Ltd. 541 "engineering", // engineering Romeo Canyon 542 "enterprises", // enterprises Snow Oaks, LLC 543 "epson", // epson Seiko Epson Corporation 544 "equipment", // equipment Corn Station, LLC 545 "erni", // erni ERNI Group Holding AG 546 "esq", // esq Charleston Road Registry Inc. 547 "estate", // estate Trixy Park, LLC 548 "eurovision", // eurovision European Broadcasting Union (EBU) 549 "eus", // eus Puntueus Fundazioa 550 "events", // events Pioneer Maple, LLC 551 "everbank", // everbank EverBank 552 "exchange", // exchange Spring Falls, LLC 553 "expert", // expert Magic Pass, LLC 554 "exposed", // exposed Victor Beach, LLC 555 "express", // express Sea Sunset, LLC 556 "fage", // fage Fage International S.A. 557 "fail", // fail Atomic Pipe, LLC 558 "fairwinds", // fairwinds FairWinds Partners, LLC 559 "faith", // faith dot Faith Limited 560 "family", // family United TLD Holdco Ltd. 561 "fan", // fan Asiamix Digital Ltd 562 "fans", // fans Asiamix Digital Limited 563 "farm", // farm Just Maple, LLC 564 "fashion", // fashion Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 565 "fast", // fast Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 566 "feedback", // feedback Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 567 "ferrero", // ferrero Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 568 "film", // film Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd 569 "final", // final Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br 570 "finance", // finance Cotton Cypress, LLC 571 "financial", // financial Just Cover, LLC 572 "firestone", // firestone Bridgestone Corporation 573 "firmdale", // firmdale Firmdale Holdings Limited 574 "fish", // fish Fox Woods, LLC 575 "fishing", // fishing Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 576 "fit", // fit Minds + Machines Group Limited 577 "fitness", // fitness Brice Orchard, LLC 578 "flickr", // flickr Yahoo! Domain Services Inc. 579 "flights", // flights Fox Station, LLC 580 "florist", // florist Half Cypress, LLC 581 "flowers", // flowers Uniregistry, Corp. 582 "flsmidth", // flsmidth FLSmidth A/S 583 "fly", // fly Charleston Road Registry Inc. 584 "foo", // foo Charleston Road Registry Inc. 585 "football", // football Foggy Farms, LLC 586 "ford", // ford Ford Motor Company 587 "forex", // forex DOTFOREX REGISTRY LTD 588 "forsale", // forsale United TLD Holdco, LLC 589 "forum", // forum Fegistry, LLC 590 "foundation", // foundation John Dale, LLC 591 "fox", // fox FOX Registry, LLC 592 "fresenius", // fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH 593 "frl", // frl FRLregistry B.V. 594 "frogans", // frogans OP3FT 595 "frontier", // frontier Frontier Communications Corporation 596 "fund", // fund John Castle, LLC 597 "furniture", // furniture Lone Fields, LLC 598 "futbol", // futbol United TLD Holdco, Ltd. 599 "fyi", // fyi Silver Tigers, LLC 600 "gal", // gal Asociación puntoGAL 601 "gallery", // gallery Sugar House, LLC 602 "gallup", // gallup Gallup, Inc. 603 "game", // game Uniregistry, Corp. 604 "garden", // garden Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 605 "gbiz", // gbiz Charleston Road Registry Inc. 606 "gdn", // gdn Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems" 607 "gea", // gea GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft 608 "gent", // gent COMBELL GROUP NV/SA 609 "genting", // genting Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd. 610 "ggee", // ggee GMO Internet, Inc. 611 "gift", // gift Uniregistry, Corp. 612 "gifts", // gifts Goose Sky, LLC 613 "gives", // gives United TLD Holdco Ltd. 614 "giving", // giving Giving Limited 615 "glass", // glass Black Cover, LLC 616 "gle", // gle Charleston Road Registry Inc. 617 "global", // global Dot Global Domain Registry Limited 618 "globo", // globo Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A 619 "gmail", // gmail Charleston Road Registry Inc. 620 "gmbh", // gmbh Extra Dynamite, LLC 621 "gmo", // gmo GMO Internet, Inc. 622 "gmx", // gmx 1&1 Mail & Media GmbH 623 "gold", // gold June Edge, LLC 624 "goldpoint", // goldpoint YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD. 625 "golf", // golf Lone Falls, LLC 626 "goo", // goo NTT Resonant Inc. 627 "goog", // goog Charleston Road Registry Inc. 628 "google", // google Charleston Road Registry Inc. 629 "gop", // gop Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc. 630 "got", // got Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 631 "gov", // gov General Services Administration Attn: QTDC, 2E08 (.gov Domain Registration) 632 "grainger", // grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC 633 "graphics", // graphics Over Madison, LLC 634 "gratis", // gratis Pioneer Tigers, LLC 635 "green", // green Afilias Limited 636 "gripe", // gripe Corn Sunset, LLC 637 "group", // group Romeo Town, LLC 638 "gucci", // gucci Guccio Gucci S.p.a. 639 "guge", // guge Charleston Road Registry Inc. 640 "guide", // guide Snow Moon, LLC 641 "guitars", // guitars Uniregistry, Corp. 642 "guru", // guru Pioneer Cypress, LLC 643 "hamburg", // hamburg Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH 644 "hangout", // hangout Charleston Road Registry Inc. 645 "haus", // haus United TLD Holdco, LTD. 646 "hdfcbank", // hdfcbank HDFC Bank Limited 647 "health", // health DotHealth, LLC 648 "healthcare", // healthcare Silver Glen, LLC 649 "help", // help Uniregistry, Corp. 650 "helsinki", // helsinki City of Helsinki 651 "here", // here Charleston Road Registry Inc. 652 "hermes", // hermes Hermes International 653 "hiphop", // hiphop Uniregistry, Corp. 654 "hitachi", // hitachi Hitachi, Ltd. 655 "hiv", // hiv dotHIV gemeinnuetziger e.V. 656 "hockey", // hockey Half Willow, LLC 657 "holdings", // holdings John Madison, LLC 658 "holiday", // holiday Goose Woods, LLC 659 "homedepot", // homedepot Homer TLC, Inc. 660 "homes", // homes DERHomes, LLC 661 "honda", // honda Honda Motor Co., Ltd. 662 "horse", // horse Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 663 "host", // host DotHost Inc. 664 "hosting", // hosting Uniregistry, Corp. 665 "hoteles", // hoteles Travel Reservations SRL 666 "hotmail", // hotmail Microsoft Corporation 667 "house", // house Sugar Park, LLC 668 "how", // how Charleston Road Registry Inc. 669 "hsbc", // hsbc HSBC Holdings PLC 670 "hyundai", // hyundai Hyundai Motor Company 671 "ibm", // ibm International Business Machines Corporation 672 "icbc", // icbc Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited 673 "ice", // ice IntercontinentalExchange, Inc. 674 "icu", // icu One.com A/S 675 "ifm", // ifm ifm electronic gmbh 676 "iinet", // iinet Connect West Pty. Ltd. 677 "immo", // immo Auburn Bloom, LLC 678 "immobilien", // immobilien United TLD Holdco Ltd. 679 "industries", // industries Outer House, LLC 680 "infiniti", // infiniti NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 681 "info", // info Afilias Limited 682 "ing", // ing Charleston Road Registry Inc. 683 "ink", // ink Top Level Design, LLC 684 "institute", // institute Outer Maple, LLC 685 "insurance", // insurance fTLD Registry Services LLC 686 "insure", // insure Pioneer Willow, LLC 687 "int", // int Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 688 "international", // international Wild Way, LLC 689 "investments", // investments Holly Glen, LLC 690 "ipiranga", // ipiranga Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A. 691 "irish", // irish Dot-Irish LLC 692 "iselect", // iselect iSelect Ltd 693 "ist", // ist Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality 694 "istanbul", // istanbul Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality / Medya A.S. 695 "itau", // itau Itau Unibanco Holding S.A. 696 "iwc", // iwc Richemont DNS Inc. 697 "jaguar", // jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Ltd 698 "java", // java Oracle Corporation 699 "jcb", // jcb JCB Co., Ltd. 700 "jetzt", // jetzt New TLD Company AB 701 "jewelry", // jewelry Wild Bloom, LLC 702 "jlc", // jlc Richemont DNS Inc. 703 "jll", // jll Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated 704 "jmp", // jmp Matrix IP LLC 705 "jobs", // jobs Employ Media LLC 706 "joburg", // joburg ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 707 "jot", // jot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 708 "joy", // joy Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 709 "jpmorgan", // jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase & Co. 710 "jprs", // jprs Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd. 711 "juegos", // juegos Uniregistry, Corp. 712 "kaufen", // kaufen United TLD Holdco Ltd. 713 "kddi", // kddi KDDI CORPORATION 714 "kerryhotels", // kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited 715 "kerrylogistics", // kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited 716 "kerryproperties", // kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited 717 "kfh", // kfh Kuwait Finance House 718 "kia", // kia KIA MOTORS CORPORATION 719 "kim", // kim Afilias Limited 720 "kinder", // kinder Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 721 "kitchen", // kitchen Just Goodbye, LLC 722 "kiwi", // kiwi DOT KIWI LIMITED 723 "koeln", // koeln NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH 724 "komatsu", // komatsu Komatsu Ltd. 725 "kpn", // kpn Koninklijke KPN N.V. 726 "krd", // krd KRG Department of Information Technology 727 "kred", // kred KredTLD Pty Ltd 728 "kuokgroup", // kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited 729 "kyoto", // kyoto Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen 730 "lacaixa", // lacaixa CAIXA D'ESTALVIS I PENSIONS DE BARCELONA 731 "lamborghini", // lamborghini Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 732 "lamer", // lamer The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 733 "lancaster", // lancaster LANCASTER 734 "land", // land Pine Moon, LLC 735 "landrover", // landrover Jaguar Land Rover Ltd 736 "lanxess", // lanxess LANXESS Corporation 737 "lasalle", // lasalle Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated 738 "lat", // lat ECOM-LAC Federación de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrónico 739 "latrobe", // latrobe La Trobe University 740 "law", // law Minds + Machines Group Limited 741 "lawyer", // lawyer United TLD Holdco, Ltd 742 "lds", // lds IRI Domain Management, LLC 743 "lease", // lease Victor Trail, LLC 744 "leclerc", // leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc 745 "legal", // legal Blue Falls, LLC 746 "lexus", // lexus TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 747 "lgbt", // lgbt Afilias Limited 748 "liaison", // liaison Liaison Technologies, Incorporated 749 "lidl", // lidl Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG 750 "life", // life Trixy Oaks, LLC 751 "lifeinsurance", // lifeinsurance American Council of Life Insurers 752 "lifestyle", // lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 753 "lighting", // lighting John McCook, LLC 754 "like", // like Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 755 "limited", // limited Big Fest, LLC 756 "limo", // limo Hidden Frostbite, LLC 757 "lincoln", // lincoln Ford Motor Company 758 "linde", // linde Linde Aktiengesellschaft 759 "link", // link Uniregistry, Corp. 760 "live", // live United TLD Holdco Ltd. 761 "living", // living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 762 "lixil", // lixil LIXIL Group Corporation 763 "loan", // loan dot Loan Limited 764 "loans", // loans June Woods, LLC 765 "locus", // locus Locus Analytics LLC 766 "lol", // lol Uniregistry, Corp. 767 "london", // london Dot London Domains Limited 768 "lotte", // lotte Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd. 769 "lotto", // lotto Afilias Limited 770 "love", // love Merchant Law Group LLP 771 "ltd", // ltd Over Corner, LLC 772 "ltda", // ltda InterNetX Corp. 773 "lupin", // lupin LUPIN LIMITED 774 "luxe", // luxe Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 775 "luxury", // luxury Luxury Partners LLC 776 "madrid", // madrid Comunidad de Madrid 777 "maif", // maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF) 778 "maison", // maison Victor Frostbite, LLC 779 "makeup", // makeup L'Oréal 780 "man", // man MAN SE 781 "management", // management John Goodbye, LLC 782 "mango", // mango PUNTO FA S.L. 783 "market", // market Unitied TLD Holdco, Ltd 784 "marketing", // marketing Fern Pass, LLC 785 "markets", // markets DOTMARKETS REGISTRY LTD 786 "marriott", // marriott Marriott Worldwide Corporation 787 "mba", // mba Lone Hollow, LLC 788 "med", // med Medistry LLC 789 "media", // media Grand Glen, LLC 790 "meet", // meet Afilias Limited 791 "melbourne", // melbourne The Crown in right of the State of Victoria 792 "meme", // meme Charleston Road Registry Inc. 793 "memorial", // memorial Dog Beach, LLC 794 "men", // men Exclusive Registry Limited 795 "menu", // menu Wedding TLD2, LLC 796 "meo", // meo PT Comunicacoes S.A. 797 "miami", // miami Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 798 "microsoft", // microsoft Microsoft Corporation 799 "mil", // mil DoD Network Information Center 800 "mini", // mini Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft 801 "mma", // mma MMA IARD 802 "mobi", // mobi Afilias Technologies Limited dba dotMobi 803 "mobily", // mobily GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L. 804 "moda", // moda United TLD Holdco Ltd. 805 "moe", // moe Interlink Co., Ltd. 806 "moi", // moi Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 807 "mom", // mom Uniregistry, Corp. 808 "monash", // monash Monash University 809 "money", // money Outer McCook, LLC 810 "montblanc", // montblanc Richemont DNS Inc. 811 "mormon", // mormon IRI Domain Management, LLC ("Applicant") 812 "mortgage", // mortgage United TLD Holdco, Ltd 813 "moscow", // moscow Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID) 814 "motorcycles", // motorcycles DERMotorcycles, LLC 815 "mov", // mov Charleston Road Registry Inc. 816 "movie", // movie New Frostbite, LLC 817 "movistar", // movistar Telefónica S.A. 818 "mtn", // mtn MTN Dubai Limited 819 "mtpc", // mtpc Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation 820 "mtr", // mtr MTR Corporation Limited 821 "museum", // museum Museum Domain Management Association 822 "mutuelle", // mutuelle Fédération Nationale de la Mutualité Française 823 "nadex", // nadex Nadex Domains, Inc 824 "nagoya", // nagoya GMO Registry, Inc. 825 "name", // name VeriSign Information Services, Inc. 826 "natura", // natura NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A. 827 "navy", // navy United TLD Holdco Ltd. 828 "nec", // nec NEC Corporation 829 "net", // net VeriSign Global Registry Services 830 "netbank", // netbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 831 "network", // network Trixy Manor, LLC 832 "neustar", // neustar NeuStar, Inc. 833 "new", // new Charleston Road Registry Inc. 834 "news", // news United TLD Holdco Ltd. 835 "nexus", // nexus Charleston Road Registry Inc. 836 "ngo", // ngo Public Interest Registry 837 "nhk", // nhk Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) 838 "nico", // nico DWANGO Co., Ltd. 839 "nikon", // nikon NIKON CORPORATION 840 "ninja", // ninja United TLD Holdco Ltd. 841 "nissan", // nissan NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 842 "nokia", // nokia Nokia Corporation 843 "norton", // norton Symantec Corporation 844 "nowruz", // nowruz Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 845 "nra", // nra NRA Holdings Company, INC. 846 "nrw", // nrw Minds + Machines GmbH 847 "ntt", // ntt NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION 848 "nyc", // nyc The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology & Telecommunications 849 "obi", // obi OBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA 850 "office", // office Microsoft Corporation 851 "okinawa", // okinawa BusinessRalliart inc. 852 "omega", // omega The Swatch Group Ltd 853 "one", // one One.com A/S 854 "ong", // ong Public Interest Registry 855 "onl", // onl I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland 856 "online", // online DotOnline Inc. 857 "ooo", // ooo INFIBEAM INCORPORATION LIMITED 858 "oracle", // oracle Oracle Corporation 859 "orange", // orange Orange Brand Services Limited 860 "org", // org Public Interest Registry (PIR) 861 "organic", // organic Afilias Limited 862 "origins", // origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 863 "osaka", // osaka Interlink Co., Ltd. 864 "otsuka", // otsuka Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd. 865 "ovh", // ovh OVH SAS 866 "page", // page Charleston Road Registry Inc. 867 "pamperedchef", // pamperedchef The Pampered Chef, Ltd. 868 "panerai", // panerai Richemont DNS Inc. 869 "paris", // paris City of Paris 870 "pars", // pars Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 871 "partners", // partners Magic Glen, LLC 872 "parts", // parts Sea Goodbye, LLC 873 "party", // party Blue Sky Registry Limited 874 "passagens", // passagens Travel Reservations SRL 875 "pet", // pet Afilias plc 876 "pharmacy", // pharmacy National Association of Boards of Pharmacy 877 "philips", // philips Koninklijke Philips N.V. 878 "photo", // photo Uniregistry, Corp. 879 "photography", // photography Sugar Glen, LLC 880 "photos", // photos Sea Corner, LLC 881 "physio", // physio PhysBiz Pty Ltd 882 "piaget", // piaget Richemont DNS Inc. 883 "pics", // pics Uniregistry, Corp. 884 "pictet", // pictet Pictet Europe S.A. 885 "pictures", // pictures Foggy Sky, LLC 886 "pid", // pid Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 887 "pin", // pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 888 "ping", // ping Ping Registry Provider, Inc. 889 "pink", // pink Afilias Limited 890 "pizza", // pizza Foggy Moon, LLC 891 "place", // place Snow Galley, LLC 892 "play", // play Charleston Road Registry Inc. 893 "playstation", // playstation Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. 894 "plumbing", // plumbing Spring Tigers, LLC 895 "plus", // plus Sugar Mill, LLC 896 "pohl", // pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 897 "poker", // poker Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited 898 "porn", // porn ICM Registry PN LLC 899 "post", // post Universal Postal Union 900 "praxi", // praxi Praxi S.p.A. 901 "press", // press DotPress Inc. 902 "pro", // pro Registry Services Corporation dba RegistryPro 903 "prod", // prod Charleston Road Registry Inc. 904 "productions", // productions Magic Birch, LLC 905 "prof", // prof Charleston Road Registry Inc. 906 "promo", // promo Afilias plc 907 "properties", // properties Big Pass, LLC 908 "property", // property Uniregistry, Corp. 909 "protection", // protection XYZ.COM LLC 910 "pub", // pub United TLD Holdco Ltd. 911 "pwc", // pwc PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 912 "qpon", // qpon dotCOOL, Inc. 913 "quebec", // quebec PointQuébec Inc 914 "quest", // quest Quest ION Limited 915 "racing", // racing Premier Registry Limited 916 "read", // read Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 917 "realtor", // realtor Real Estate Domains LLC 918 "realty", // realty Fegistry, LLC 919 "recipes", // recipes Grand Island, LLC 920 "red", // red Afilias Limited 921 "redstone", // redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd. 922 "redumbrella", // redumbrella Travelers TLD, LLC 923 "rehab", // rehab United TLD Holdco Ltd. 924 "reise", // reise Foggy Way, LLC 925 "reisen", // reisen New Cypress, LLC 926 "reit", // reit National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc. 927 "ren", // ren Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co., Ltd. 928 "rent", // rent XYZ.COM LLC 929 "rentals", // rentals Big Hollow,LLC 930 "repair", // repair Lone Sunset, LLC 931 "report", // report Binky Glen, LLC 932 "republican", // republican United TLD Holdco Ltd. 933 "rest", // rest Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable 934 "restaurant", // restaurant Snow Avenue, LLC 935 "review", // review dot Review Limited 936 "reviews", // reviews United TLD Holdco, Ltd. 937 "rexroth", // rexroth Robert Bosch GMBH 938 "rich", // rich I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland 939 "ricoh", // ricoh Ricoh Company, Ltd. 940 "rio", // rio Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO 941 "rip", // rip United TLD Holdco Ltd. 942 "rocher", // rocher Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 943 "rocks", // rocks United TLD Holdco, LTD. 944 "rodeo", // rodeo Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 945 "room", // room Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 946 "rsvp", // rsvp Charleston Road Registry Inc. 947 "ruhr", // ruhr regiodot GmbH & Co. KG 948 "run", // run Snow Park, LLC 949 "rwe", // rwe RWE AG 950 "ryukyu", // ryukyu BusinessRalliart inc. 951 "saarland", // saarland dotSaarland GmbH 952 "safe", // safe Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 953 "safety", // safety Safety Registry Services, LLC. 954 "sakura", // sakura SAKURA Internet Inc. 955 "sale", // sale United TLD Holdco, Ltd 956 "salon", // salon Outer Orchard, LLC 957 "samsung", // samsung SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD 958 "sandvik", // sandvik Sandvik AB 959 "sandvikcoromant", // sandvikcoromant Sandvik AB 960 "sanofi", // sanofi Sanofi 961 "sap", // sap SAP AG 962 "sapo", // sapo PT Comunicacoes S.A. 963 "sarl", // sarl Delta Orchard, LLC 964 "sas", // sas Research IP LLC 965 "saxo", // saxo Saxo Bank A/S 966 "sbs", // sbs SPECIAL BROADCASTING SERVICE CORPORATION 967 "sca", // sca SVENSKA CELLULOSA AKTIEBOLAGET SCA (publ) 968 "scb", // scb The Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Limited ("SCB") 969 "schaeffler", // schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG 970 "schmidt", // schmidt SALM S.A.S. 971 "scholarships", // scholarships Scholarships.com, LLC 972 "school", // school Little Galley, LLC 973 "schule", // schule Outer Moon, LLC 974 "schwarz", // schwarz Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG 975 "science", // science dot Science Limited 976 "scor", // scor SCOR SE 977 "scot", // scot Dot Scot Registry Limited 978 "seat", // seat SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal) 979 "security", // security XYZ.COM LLC 980 "seek", // seek Seek Limited 981 "select", // select iSelect Ltd 982 "sener", // sener Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A. 983 "services", // services Fox Castle, LLC 984 "seven", // seven Seven West Media Ltd 985 "sew", // sew SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co KG 986 "sex", // sex ICM Registry SX LLC 987 "sexy", // sexy Uniregistry, Corp. 988 "sfr", // sfr Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR 989 "sharp", // sharp Sharp Corporation 990 "shell", // shell Shell Information Technology International Inc 991 "shia", // shia Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 992 "shiksha", // shiksha Afilias Limited 993 "shoes", // shoes Binky Galley, LLC 994 "show", // show Snow Beach, LLC 995 "shriram", // shriram Shriram Capital Ltd. 996 "singles", // singles Fern Madison, LLC 997 "site", // site DotSite Inc. 998 "ski", // ski STARTING DOT LIMITED 999 "skin", // skin L'Oréal 1000 "sky", // sky Sky International AG 1001 "skype", // skype Microsoft Corporation 1002 "smile", // smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1003 "sncf", // sncf SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais) 1004 "soccer", // soccer Foggy Shadow, LLC 1005 "social", // social United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1006 "softbank", // softbank SoftBank Group Corp. 1007 "software", // software United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1008 "sohu", // sohu Sohu.com Limited 1009 "solar", // solar Ruby Town, LLC 1010 "solutions", // solutions Silver Cover, LLC 1011 "song", // song Amazon EU S.à r.l. 1012 "sony", // sony Sony Corporation 1013 "soy", // soy Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1014 "space", // space DotSpace Inc. 1015 "spiegel", // spiegel SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG 1016 "spot", // spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1017 "spreadbetting", // spreadbetting DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD 1018 "srl", // srl InterNetX Corp. 1019 "stada", // stada STADA Arzneimittel AG 1020 "star", // star Star India Private Limited 1021 "starhub", // starhub StarHub Limited 1022 "statefarm", // statefarm State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company 1023 "statoil", // statoil Statoil ASA 1024 "stc", // stc Saudi Telecom Company 1025 "stcgroup", // stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company 1026 "stockholm", // stockholm Stockholms kommun 1027 "storage", // storage Self Storage Company LLC 1028 "store", // store DotStore Inc. 1029 "studio", // studio United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1030 "study", // study OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 1031 "style", // style Binky Moon, LLC 1032 "sucks", // sucks Vox Populi Registry Ltd. 1033 "supplies", // supplies Atomic Fields, LLC 1034 "supply", // supply Half Falls, LLC 1035 "support", // support Grand Orchard, LLC 1036 "surf", // surf Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1037 "surgery", // surgery Tin Avenue, LLC 1038 "suzuki", // suzuki SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION 1039 "swatch", // swatch The Swatch Group Ltd 1040 "swiss", // swiss Swiss Confederation 1041 "sydney", // sydney State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet 1042 "symantec", // symantec Symantec Corporation 1043 "systems", // systems Dash Cypress, LLC 1044 "tab", // tab Tabcorp Holdings Limited 1045 "taipei", // taipei Taipei City Government 1046 "taobao", // taobao Alibaba Group Holding Limited 1047 "tatamotors", // tatamotors Tata Motors Ltd 1048 "tatar", // tatar Limited Liability Company "Coordination Center of Regional Domain of Tatarstan Republic" 1049 "tattoo", // tattoo Uniregistry, Corp. 1050 "tax", // tax Storm Orchard, LLC 1051 "taxi", // taxi Pine Falls, LLC 1052 "tci", // tci Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1053 "team", // team Atomic Lake, LLC 1054 "tech", // tech Dot Tech LLC 1055 "technology", // technology Auburn Falls, LLC 1056 "tel", // tel Telnic Ltd. 1057 "telecity", // telecity TelecityGroup International Limited 1058 "telefonica", // telefonica Telefónica S.A. 1059 "temasek", // temasek Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited 1060 "tennis", // tennis Cotton Bloom, LLC 1061 "thd", // thd Homer TLC, Inc. 1062 "theater", // theater Blue Tigers, LLC 1063 "theatre", // theatre XYZ.COM LLC 1064 "tickets", // tickets Accent Media Limited 1065 "tienda", // tienda Victor Manor, LLC 1066 "tiffany", // tiffany Tiffany and Company 1067 "tips", // tips Corn Willow, LLC 1068 "tires", // tires Dog Edge, LLC 1069 "tirol", // tirol punkt Tirol GmbH 1070 "tmall", // tmall Alibaba Group Holding Limited 1071 "today", // today Pearl Woods, LLC 1072 "tokyo", // tokyo GMO Registry, Inc. 1073 "tools", // tools Pioneer North, LLC 1074 "top", // top Jiangsu Bangning Science & Technology Co.,Ltd. 1075 "toray", // toray Toray Industries, Inc. 1076 "toshiba", // toshiba TOSHIBA Corporation 1077 "total", // total Total SA 1078 "tours", // tours Sugar Station, LLC 1079 "town", // town Koko Moon, LLC 1080 "toyota", // toyota TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 1081 "toys", // toys Pioneer Orchard, LLC 1082 "trade", // trade Elite Registry Limited 1083 "trading", // trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD 1084 "training", // training Wild Willow, LLC 1085 "travel", // travel Tralliance Registry Management Company, LLC. 1086 "travelers", // travelers Travelers TLD, LLC 1087 "travelersinsurance", // travelersinsurance Travelers TLD, LLC 1088 "trust", // trust Artemis Internet Inc 1089 "trv", // trv Travelers TLD, LLC 1090 "tube", // tube Latin American Telecom LLC 1091 "tui", // tui TUI AG 1092 "tunes", // tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1093 "tushu", // tushu Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1094 "tvs", // tvs T V SUNDRAM IYENGAR & SONS PRIVATE LIMITED 1095 "ubs", // ubs UBS AG 1096 "unicom", // unicom China United Network Communications Corporation Limited 1097 "university", // university Little Station, LLC 1098 "uno", // uno Dot Latin LLC 1099 "uol", // uol UBN INTERNET LTDA. 1100 "vacations", // vacations Atomic Tigers, LLC 1101 "vana", // vana Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 1102 "vegas", // vegas Dot Vegas, Inc. 1103 "ventures", // ventures Binky Lake, LLC 1104 "verisign", // verisign VeriSign, Inc. 1105 "versicherung", // versicherung dotversicherung-registry GmbH 1106 "vet", // vet United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1107 "viajes", // viajes Black Madison, LLC 1108 "video", // video United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1109 "viking", // viking Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd. 1110 "villas", // villas New Sky, LLC 1111 "vin", // vin Holly Shadow, LLC 1112 "vip", // vip Minds + Machines Group Limited 1113 "virgin", // virgin Virgin Enterprises Limited 1114 "vision", // vision Koko Station, LLC 1115 "vista", // vista Vistaprint Limited 1116 "vistaprint", // vistaprint Vistaprint Limited 1117 "viva", // viva Saudi Telecom Company 1118 "vlaanderen", // vlaanderen DNS.be vzw 1119 "vodka", // vodka Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1120 "volkswagen", // volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America Inc. 1121 "vote", // vote Monolith Registry LLC 1122 "voting", // voting Valuetainment Corp. 1123 "voto", // voto Monolith Registry LLC 1124 "voyage", // voyage Ruby House, LLC 1125 "vuelos", // vuelos Travel Reservations SRL 1126 "wales", // wales Nominet UK 1127 "walter", // walter Sandvik AB 1128 "wang", // wang Zodiac Registry Limited 1129 "wanggou", // wanggou Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1130 "watch", // watch Sand Shadow, LLC 1131 "watches", // watches Richemont DNS Inc. 1132 "weather", // weather The Weather Channel, LLC 1133 "weatherchannel", // weatherchannel The Weather Channel, LLC 1134 "webcam", // webcam dot Webcam Limited 1135 "weber", // weber Saint-Gobain Weber SA 1136 "website", // website DotWebsite Inc. 1137 "wed", // wed Atgron, Inc. 1138 "wedding", // wedding Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1139 "weir", // weir Weir Group IP Limited 1140 "whoswho", // whoswho Who's Who Registry 1141 "wien", // wien punkt.wien GmbH 1142 "wiki", // wiki Top Level Design, LLC 1143 "williamhill", // williamhill William Hill Organization Limited 1144 "win", // win First Registry Limited 1145 "windows", // windows Microsoft Corporation 1146 "wine", // wine June Station, LLC 1147 "wme", // wme William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC 1148 "wolterskluwer", // wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer N.V. 1149 "work", // work Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1150 "works", // works Little Dynamite, LLC 1151 "world", // world Bitter Fields, LLC 1152 "wtc", // wtc World Trade Centers Association, Inc. 1153 "wtf", // wtf Hidden Way, LLC 1154 "xbox", // xbox Microsoft Corporation 1155 "xerox", // xerox Xerox DNHC LLC 1156 "xin", // xin Elegant Leader Limited 1157 "xn--11b4c3d", // कॉम VeriSign Sarl 1158 "xn--1ck2e1b", // セール Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1159 "xn--1qqw23a", // 佛山 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd. 1160 "xn--30rr7y", // 慈善 Excellent First Limited 1161 "xn--3bst00m", // 集团 Eagle Horizon Limited 1162 "xn--3ds443g", // 在线 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED 1163 "xn--3pxu8k", // 点看 VeriSign Sarl 1164 "xn--42c2d9a", // คอม VeriSign Sarl 1165 "xn--45q11c", // 八卦 Zodiac Scorpio Limited 1166 "xn--4gbrim", // موقع Suhub Electronic Establishment 1167 "xn--55qw42g", // 公益 China Organizational Name Administration Center 1168 "xn--55qx5d", // 公司 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center) 1169 "xn--6frz82g", // 移动 Afilias Limited 1170 "xn--6qq986b3xl", // 我爱你 Tycoon Treasure Limited 1171 "xn--80adxhks", // москва Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID) 1172 "xn--80asehdb", // онлайн CORE Association 1173 "xn--80aswg", // сайт CORE Association 1174 "xn--8y0a063a", // 联通 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited 1175 "xn--9dbq2a", // קום VeriSign Sarl 1176 "xn--9et52u", // 时尚 RISE VICTORY LIMITED 1177 "xn--b4w605ferd", // 淡马锡 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited 1178 "xn--bck1b9a5dre4c", // ファッション Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1179 "xn--c1avg", // орг Public Interest Registry 1180 "xn--c2br7g", // नेट VeriSign Sarl 1181 "xn--cck2b3b", // ストア Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1182 "xn--cg4bki", // 삼성 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD 1183 "xn--czr694b", // 商标 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES(HOLDING) COMPANY.HONGKONG LIMITED 1184 "xn--czrs0t", // 商店 Wild Island, LLC 1185 "xn--czru2d", // 商城 Zodiac Aquarius Limited 1186 "xn--d1acj3b", // дети The Foundation for Network Initiatives “The Smart Internet” 1187 "xn--eckvdtc9d", // ポイント Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1188 "xn--efvy88h", // 新闻 Xinhua News Agency Guangdong Branch 新华通讯社广东分社 1189 "xn--estv75g", // 工行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited 1190 "xn--fhbei", // كوم VeriSign Sarl 1191 "xn--fiq228c5hs", // 中文网 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED 1192 "xn--fiq64b", // 中信 CITIC Group Corporation 1193 "xn--fjq720a", // 娱乐 Will Bloom, LLC 1194 "xn--flw351e", // 谷歌 Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1195 "xn--g2xx48c", // 购物 Minds + Machines Group Limited 1196 "xn--gckr3f0f", // クラウド Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1197 "xn--hxt814e", // 网店 Zodiac Libra Limited 1198 "xn--i1b6b1a6a2e", // संगठन Public Interest Registry 1199 "xn--imr513n", // 餐厅 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES (HOLDING) COMPANY. HONGKONG LIMITED 1200 "xn--io0a7i", // 网络 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center) 1201 "xn--j1aef", // ком VeriSign Sarl 1202 "xn--jlq61u9w7b", // 诺基亚 Nokia Corporation 1203 "xn--jvr189m", // 食品 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1204 "xn--kcrx77d1x4a", // 飞利浦 Koninklijke Philips N.V. 1205 "xn--kpu716f", // 手表 Richemont DNS Inc. 1206 "xn--kput3i", // 手机 Beijing RITT-Net Technology Development Co., Ltd 1207 "xn--mgba3a3ejt", // ارامكو Aramco Services Company 1208 "xn--mgbab2bd", // بازار CORE Association 1209 "xn--mgbb9fbpob", // موبايلي GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L. 1210 "xn--mgbt3dhd", // همراه Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1211 "xn--mk1bu44c", // 닷컴 VeriSign Sarl 1212 "xn--mxtq1m", // 政府 Net-Chinese Co., Ltd. 1213 "xn--ngbc5azd", // شبكة International Domain Registry Pty. Ltd. 1214 "xn--ngbe9e0a", // بيتك Kuwait Finance House 1215 "xn--nqv7f", // 机构 Public Interest Registry 1216 "xn--nqv7fs00ema", // 组织机构 Public Interest Registry 1217 "xn--nyqy26a", // 健康 Stable Tone Limited 1218 "xn--p1acf", // рус Rusnames Limited 1219 "xn--pbt977c", // 珠宝 Richemont DNS Inc. 1220 "xn--pssy2u", // 大拿 VeriSign Sarl 1221 "xn--q9jyb4c", // みんな Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1222 "xn--qcka1pmc", // グーグル Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1223 "xn--rhqv96g", // 世界 Stable Tone Limited 1224 "xn--rovu88b", // 書籍 Amazon EU S.à r.l. 1225 "xn--ses554g", // 网址 KNET Co., Ltd 1226 "xn--t60b56a", // 닷넷 VeriSign Sarl 1227 "xn--tckwe", // コム VeriSign Sarl 1228 "xn--unup4y", // 游戏 Spring Fields, LLC 1229 "xn--vermgensberater-ctb", // VERMöGENSBERATER Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1230 "xn--vermgensberatung-pwb", // VERMöGENSBERATUNG Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1231 "xn--vhquv", // 企业 Dash McCook, LLC 1232 "xn--vuq861b", // 信息 Beijing Tele-info Network Technology Co., Ltd. 1233 "xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra", // 嘉里大酒店 Kerry Trading Co. Limited 1234 "xn--xhq521b", // 广东 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd. 1235 "xn--zfr164b", // 政务 China Organizational Name Administration Center 1236 "xperia", // xperia Sony Mobile Communications AB 1237 "xxx", // xxx ICM Registry LLC 1238 "xyz", // xyz XYZ.COM LLC 1239 "yachts", // yachts DERYachts, LLC 1240 "yahoo", // yahoo Yahoo! Domain Services Inc. 1241 "yamaxun", // yamaxun Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1242 "yandex", // yandex YANDEX, LLC 1243 "yodobashi", // yodobashi YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD. 1244 "yoga", // yoga Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1245 "yokohama", // yokohama GMO Registry, Inc. 1246 "youtube", // youtube Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1247 "zara", // zara Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.) 1248 "zero", // zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1249 "zip", // zip Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1250 "zone", // zone Outer Falls, LLC 1251 "zuerich", // zuerich Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich) 1252 }; 1253 1254 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1255 private static final String[] COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS = new String[] { 1256 "ac", // Ascension Island 1257 "ad", // Andorra 1258 "ae", // United Arab Emirates 1259 "af", // Afghanistan 1260 "ag", // Antigua and Barbuda 1261 "ai", // Anguilla 1262 "al", // Albania 1263 "am", // Armenia 1264// "an", // Netherlands Antilles (retired) 1265 "ao", // Angola 1266 "aq", // Antarctica 1267 "ar", // Argentina 1268 "as", // American Samoa 1269 "at", // Austria 1270 "au", // Australia (includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands) 1271 "aw", // Aruba 1272 "ax", // Åland 1273 "az", // Azerbaijan 1274 "ba", // Bosnia and Herzegovina 1275 "bb", // Barbados 1276 "bd", // Bangladesh 1277 "be", // Belgium 1278 "bf", // Burkina Faso 1279 "bg", // Bulgaria 1280 "bh", // Bahrain 1281 "bi", // Burundi 1282 "bj", // Benin 1283 "bm", // Bermuda 1284 "bn", // Brunei Darussalam 1285 "bo", // Bolivia 1286 "br", // Brazil 1287 "bs", // Bahamas 1288 "bt", // Bhutan 1289 "bv", // Bouvet Island 1290 "bw", // Botswana 1291 "by", // Belarus 1292 "bz", // Belize 1293 "ca", // Canada 1294 "cc", // Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1295 "cd", // Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) 1296 "cf", // Central African Republic 1297 "cg", // Republic of the Congo 1298 "ch", // Switzerland 1299 "ci", // Côte d'Ivoire 1300 "ck", // Cook Islands 1301 "cl", // Chile 1302 "cm", // Cameroon 1303 "cn", // China, mainland 1304 "co", // Colombia 1305 "cr", // Costa Rica 1306 "cu", // Cuba 1307 "cv", // Cape Verde 1308 "cw", // Curaçao 1309 "cx", // Christmas Island 1310 "cy", // Cyprus 1311 "cz", // Czech Republic 1312 "de", // Germany 1313 "dj", // Djibouti 1314 "dk", // Denmark 1315 "dm", // Dominica 1316 "do", // Dominican Republic 1317 "dz", // Algeria 1318 "ec", // Ecuador 1319 "ee", // Estonia 1320 "eg", // Egypt 1321 "er", // Eritrea 1322 "es", // Spain 1323 "et", // Ethiopia 1324 "eu", // European Union 1325 "fi", // Finland 1326 "fj", // Fiji 1327 "fk", // Falkland Islands 1328 "fm", // Federated States of Micronesia 1329 "fo", // Faroe Islands 1330 "fr", // France 1331 "ga", // Gabon 1332 "gb", // Great Britain (United Kingdom) 1333 "gd", // Grenada 1334 "ge", // Georgia 1335 "gf", // French Guiana 1336 "gg", // Guernsey 1337 "gh", // Ghana 1338 "gi", // Gibraltar 1339 "gl", // Greenland 1340 "gm", // The Gambia 1341 "gn", // Guinea 1342 "gp", // Guadeloupe 1343 "gq", // Equatorial Guinea 1344 "gr", // Greece 1345 "gs", // South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 1346 "gt", // Guatemala 1347 "gu", // Guam 1348 "gw", // Guinea-Bissau 1349 "gy", // Guyana 1350 "hk", // Hong Kong 1351 "hm", // Heard Island and McDonald Islands 1352 "hn", // Honduras 1353 "hr", // Croatia (Hrvatska) 1354 "ht", // Haiti 1355 "hu", // Hungary 1356 "id", // Indonesia 1357 "ie", // Ireland (Éire) 1358 "il", // Israel 1359 "im", // Isle of Man 1360 "in", // India 1361 "io", // British Indian Ocean Territory 1362 "iq", // Iraq 1363 "ir", // Iran 1364 "is", // Iceland 1365 "it", // Italy 1366 "je", // Jersey 1367 "jm", // Jamaica 1368 "jo", // Jordan 1369 "jp", // Japan 1370 "ke", // Kenya 1371 "kg", // Kyrgyzstan 1372 "kh", // Cambodia (Khmer) 1373 "ki", // Kiribati 1374 "km", // Comoros 1375 "kn", // Saint Kitts and Nevis 1376 "kp", // North Korea 1377 "kr", // South Korea 1378 "kw", // Kuwait 1379 "ky", // Cayman Islands 1380 "kz", // Kazakhstan 1381 "la", // Laos (currently being marketed as the official domain for Los Angeles) 1382 "lb", // Lebanon 1383 "lc", // Saint Lucia 1384 "li", // Liechtenstein 1385 "lk", // Sri Lanka 1386 "lr", // Liberia 1387 "ls", // Lesotho 1388 "lt", // Lithuania 1389 "lu", // Luxembourg 1390 "lv", // Latvia 1391 "ly", // Libya 1392 "ma", // Morocco 1393 "mc", // Monaco 1394 "md", // Moldova 1395 "me", // Montenegro 1396 "mg", // Madagascar 1397 "mh", // Marshall Islands 1398 "mk", // Republic of Macedonia 1399 "ml", // Mali 1400 "mm", // Myanmar 1401 "mn", // Mongolia 1402 "mo", // Macau 1403 "mp", // Northern Mariana Islands 1404 "mq", // Martinique 1405 "mr", // Mauritania 1406 "ms", // Montserrat 1407 "mt", // Malta 1408 "mu", // Mauritius 1409 "mv", // Maldives 1410 "mw", // Malawi 1411 "mx", // Mexico 1412 "my", // Malaysia 1413 "mz", // Mozambique 1414 "na", // Namibia 1415 "nc", // New Caledonia 1416 "ne", // Niger 1417 "nf", // Norfolk Island 1418 "ng", // Nigeria 1419 "ni", // Nicaragua 1420 "nl", // Netherlands 1421 "no", // Norway 1422 "np", // Nepal 1423 "nr", // Nauru 1424 "nu", // Niue 1425 "nz", // New Zealand 1426 "om", // Oman 1427 "pa", // Panama 1428 "pe", // Peru 1429 "pf", // French Polynesia With Clipperton Island 1430 "pg", // Papua New Guinea 1431 "ph", // Philippines 1432 "pk", // Pakistan 1433 "pl", // Poland 1434 "pm", // Saint-Pierre and Miquelon 1435 "pn", // Pitcairn Islands 1436 "pr", // Puerto Rico 1437 "ps", // Palestinian territories (PA-controlled West Bank and Gaza Strip) 1438 "pt", // Portugal 1439 "pw", // Palau 1440 "py", // Paraguay 1441 "qa", // Qatar 1442 "re", // Réunion 1443 "ro", // Romania 1444 "rs", // Serbia 1445 "ru", // Russia 1446 "rw", // Rwanda 1447 "sa", // Saudi Arabia 1448 "sb", // Solomon Islands 1449 "sc", // Seychelles 1450 "sd", // Sudan 1451 "se", // Sweden 1452 "sg", // Singapore 1453 "sh", // Saint Helena 1454 "si", // Slovenia 1455 "sj", // Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no) 1456 "sk", // Slovakia 1457 "sl", // Sierra Leone 1458 "sm", // San Marino 1459 "sn", // Senegal 1460 "so", // Somalia 1461 "sr", // Suriname 1462 "st", // São Tomé and Príncipe 1463 "su", // Soviet Union (deprecated) 1464 "sv", // El Salvador 1465 "sx", // Sint Maarten 1466 "sy", // Syria 1467 "sz", // Swaziland 1468 "tc", // Turks and Caicos Islands 1469 "td", // Chad 1470 "tf", // French Southern and Antarctic Lands 1471 "tg", // Togo 1472 "th", // Thailand 1473 "tj", // Tajikistan 1474 "tk", // Tokelau 1475 "tl", // East Timor (deprecated old code) 1476 "tm", // Turkmenistan 1477 "tn", // Tunisia 1478 "to", // Tonga 1479// "tp", // East Timor (Retired) 1480 "tr", // Turkey 1481 "tt", // Trinidad and Tobago 1482 "tv", // Tuvalu 1483 "tw", // Taiwan, Republic of China 1484 "tz", // Tanzania 1485 "ua", // Ukraine 1486 "ug", // Uganda 1487 "uk", // United Kingdom 1488 "us", // United States of America 1489 "uy", // Uruguay 1490 "uz", // Uzbekistan 1491 "va", // Vatican City State 1492 "vc", // Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1493 "ve", // Venezuela 1494 "vg", // British Virgin Islands 1495 "vi", // U.S. Virgin Islands 1496 "vn", // Vietnam 1497 "vu", // Vanuatu 1498 "wf", // Wallis and Futuna 1499 "ws", // Samoa (formerly Western Samoa) 1500 "xn--3e0b707e", // 한국 KISA (Korea Internet & Security Agency) 1501 "xn--45brj9c", // ভারত National Internet Exchange of India 1502 "xn--80ao21a", // қаз Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan 1503 "xn--90a3ac", // срб Serbian National Internet Domain Registry (RNIDS) 1504 "xn--90ais", // ??? Reliable Software Inc. 1505 "xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd", // சிங்கப்பூர் Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd 1506 "xn--d1alf", // мкд Macedonian Academic Research Network Skopje 1507 "xn--e1a4c", // ею EURid vzw/asbl 1508 "xn--fiqs8s", // 中国 China Internet Network Information Center 1509 "xn--fiqz9s", // 中國 China Internet Network Information Center 1510 "xn--fpcrj9c3d", // భారత్ National Internet Exchange of India 1511 "xn--fzc2c9e2c", // ලංකා LK Domain Registry 1512 "xn--gecrj9c", // ભારત National Internet Exchange of India 1513 "xn--h2brj9c", // भारत National Internet Exchange of India 1514 "xn--j1amh", // укр Ukrainian Network Information Centre (UANIC), Inc. 1515 "xn--j6w193g", // 香港 Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation Ltd. 1516 "xn--kprw13d", // 台湾 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC) 1517 "xn--kpry57d", // 台灣 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC) 1518 "xn--l1acc", // мон Datacom Co.,Ltd 1519 "xn--lgbbat1ad8j", // الجزائر CERIST 1520 "xn--mgb9awbf", // عمان Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) 1521 "xn--mgba3a4f16a", // ایران Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) 1522 "xn--mgbaam7a8h", // امارات Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) 1523 "xn--mgbayh7gpa", // الاردن National Information Technology Center (NITC) 1524 "xn--mgbbh1a71e", // بھارت National Internet Exchange of India 1525 "xn--mgbc0a9azcg", // المغرب Agence Nationale de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT) 1526 "xn--mgberp4a5d4ar", // السعودية Communications and Information Technology Commission 1527 "xn--mgbpl2fh", // ????? Sudan Internet Society 1528 "xn--mgbtx2b", // عراق Communications and Media Commission (CMC) 1529 "xn--mgbx4cd0ab", // مليسيا MYNIC Berhad 1530 "xn--mix891f", // 澳門 Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation (DSRT) 1531 "xn--node", // გე Information Technologies Development Center (ITDC) 1532 "xn--o3cw4h", // ไทย Thai Network Information Center Foundation 1533 "xn--ogbpf8fl", // سورية National Agency for Network Services (NANS) 1534 "xn--p1ai", // рф Coordination Center for TLD RU 1535 "xn--pgbs0dh", // تونس Agence Tunisienne d'Internet 1536 "xn--qxam", // ελ ICS-FORTH GR 1537 "xn--s9brj9c", // ਭਾਰਤ National Internet Exchange of India 1538 "xn--wgbh1c", // مصر National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority - NTRA 1539 "xn--wgbl6a", // قطر Communications Regulatory Authority 1540 "xn--xkc2al3hye2a", // இலங்கை LK Domain Registry 1541 "xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h", // இந்தியா National Internet Exchange of India 1542 "xn--y9a3aq", // ??? Internet Society 1543 "xn--yfro4i67o", // 新加坡 Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd 1544 "xn--ygbi2ammx", // فلسطين Ministry of Telecom & Information Technology (MTIT) 1545 "ye", // Yemen 1546 "yt", // Mayotte 1547 "za", // South Africa 1548 "zm", // Zambia 1549 "zw", // Zimbabwe 1550 }; 1551 1552 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1553 private static final String[] LOCAL_TLDS = new String[] { 1554 "localdomain", // Also widely used as localhost.localdomain 1555 "localhost", // RFC2606 defined 1556 }; 1557 1558 // Additional arrays to supplement or override the built in ones. 1559 // The PLUS arrays are valid keys, the MINUS arrays are invalid keys 1560 1561 /* 1562 * This field is used to detect whether the getInstance has been called. 1563 * After this, the method updateTLDOverride is not allowed to be called. 1564 * This field does not need to be volatile since it is only accessed from 1565 * synchronized methods. 1566 */ 1567 private static boolean inUse; 1568 1569 /* 1570 * These arrays are mutable, but they don't need to be volatile. 1571 * They can only be updated by the updateTLDOverride method, and any readers must get an instance 1572 * using the getInstance methods which are all (now) synchronised. 1573 */ 1574 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1575 private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1576 1577 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1578 private static volatile String[] genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1579 1580 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1581 private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1582 1583 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1584 private static volatile String[] genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1585 1586 /** 1587 * enum used by {@link DomainValidator#updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])} 1588 * to determine which override array to update / fetch 1589 * @since 1.5.0 1590 * @since 1.5.1 made public and added read-only array references 1591 */ 1592 public enum ArrayType { 1593 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal generic TLDs */ 1594 GENERIC_PLUS, 1595 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted generic TLDs */ 1596 GENERIC_MINUS, 1597 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal country code TLDs */ 1598 COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS, 1599 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted country code TLDs */ 1600 COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS, 1601 /** Get a copy of the generic TLDS table */ 1602 GENERIC_RO, 1603 /** Get a copy of the country code table */ 1604 COUNTRY_CODE_RO, 1605 /** Get a copy of the infrastructure table */ 1606 INFRASTRUCTURE_RO, 1607 /** Get a copy of the local table */ 1608 LOCAL_RO 1609 } 1610 1611 // For use by unit test code only 1612 static synchronized void clearTLDOverrides() { 1613 inUse = false; 1614 countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1615 countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1616 genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1617 genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1618 } 1619 1620 /** 1621 * Update one of the TLD override arrays. 1622 * This must only be done at program startup, before any instances are accessed using getInstance. 1623 * <p> 1624 * For example: 1625 * <p> 1626 * <code>DomainValidator.updateTLDOverride(ArrayType.GENERIC_PLUS, new String[]{"apache"})}</code> 1627 * <p> 1628 * To clear an override array, provide an empty array. 1629 * 1630 * @param table the table to update, see {@link DomainValidator.ArrayType} 1631 * Must be one of the following 1632 * <ul> 1633 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS</li> 1634 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS</li> 1635 * <li>GENERIC_MINUS</li> 1636 * <li>GENERIC_PLUS</li> 1637 * </ul> 1638 * @param tlds the array of TLDs, must not be null 1639 * @throws IllegalStateException if the method is called after getInstance 1640 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the read-only tables is requested 1641 * @since 1.5.0 1642 */ 1643 public static synchronized void updateTLDOverride(ArrayType table, String[] tlds) { 1644 if (inUse) { 1645 throw new IllegalStateException("Can only invoke this method before calling getInstance"); 1646 } 1647 String[] copy = new String[tlds.length]; 1648 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries 1649 for (int i = 0; i < tlds.length; i++) { 1650 copy[i] = tlds[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH); 1651 } 1652 Arrays.sort(copy); 1653 switch(table) { 1654 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: 1655 countryCodeTLDsMinus = copy; 1656 break; 1657 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: 1658 countryCodeTLDsPlus = copy; 1659 break; 1660 case GENERIC_MINUS: 1661 genericTLDsMinus = copy; 1662 break; 1663 case GENERIC_PLUS: 1664 genericTLDsPlus = copy; 1665 break; 1666 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO: 1667 case GENERIC_RO: 1668 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO: 1669 case LOCAL_RO: 1670 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot update the table: " + table); 1671 default: 1672 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table); 1673 } 1674 } 1675 1676 /** 1677 * Get a copy of the internal array. 1678 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values) 1679 * @return a copy of the array 1680 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected (should not happen) 1681 * @since 1.5.1 1682 */ 1683 public static String[] getTLDEntries(ArrayType table) { 1684 final String[] array; 1685 switch(table) { 1686 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: 1687 array = countryCodeTLDsMinus; 1688 break; 1689 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: 1690 array = countryCodeTLDsPlus; 1691 break; 1692 case GENERIC_MINUS: 1693 array = genericTLDsMinus; 1694 break; 1695 case GENERIC_PLUS: 1696 array = genericTLDsPlus; 1697 break; 1698 case GENERIC_RO: 1699 array = GENERIC_TLDS; 1700 break; 1701 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO: 1702 array = COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS; 1703 break; 1704 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO: 1705 array = INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS; 1706 break; 1707 case LOCAL_RO: 1708 array = LOCAL_TLDS; 1709 break; 1710 default: 1711 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table); 1712 } 1713 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array 1714 } 1715 1716 /** 1717 * Converts potentially Unicode input to punycode. 1718 * If conversion fails, returns the original input. 1719 * 1720 * @param input the string to convert, not null 1721 * @return converted input, or original input if conversion fails 1722 */ 1723 // Needed by UrlValidator 1724 static String unicodeToASCII(String input) { 1725 if (isOnlyASCII(input)) { // skip possibly expensive processing 1726 return input; 1727 } 1728 try { 1729 final String ascii = IDN.toASCII(input); 1730 if (IDNBUGHOLDER.IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS) { 1731 return ascii; 1732 } 1733 final int length = input.length(); 1734 if (length == 0) { // check there is a last character 1735 return input; 1736 } 1737 // RFC3490 3.1. 1) 1738 // Whenever dots are used as label separators, the following 1739 // characters MUST be recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002 1740 // (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61 1741 // (halfwidth ideographic full stop). 1742 char lastChar = input.charAt(length-1); // fetch original last char 1743 switch(lastChar) { 1744 case '\u002E': // "." full stop 1745 case '\u3002': // ideographic full stop 1746 case '\uFF0E': // fullwidth full stop 1747 case '\uFF61': // halfwidth ideographic full stop 1748 return ascii + "."; // restore the missing stop 1749 default: 1750 return ascii; 1751 } 1752 } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { // input is not valid 1753 return input; 1754 } 1755 } 1756 1757 private static class IDNBUGHOLDER { 1758 private static boolean keepsTrailingDot() { 1759 final String input = "a."; // must be a valid name 1760 return input.equals(IDN.toASCII(input)); 1761 } 1762 1763 private static final boolean IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS = keepsTrailingDot(); 1764 } 1765 1766 /* 1767 * Check if input contains only ASCII 1768 * Treats null as all ASCII 1769 */ 1770 private static boolean isOnlyASCII(String input) { 1771 if (input == null) { 1772 return true; 1773 } 1774 for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) { 1775 if (input.charAt(i) > 0x7F) { // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber 1776 return false; 1777 } 1778 } 1779 return true; 1780 } 1781 1782 /** 1783 * Check if a sorted array contains the specified key 1784 * 1785 * @param sortedArray the array to search 1786 * @param key the key to find 1787 * @return {@code true} if the array contains the key 1788 */ 1789 private static boolean arrayContains(String[] sortedArray, String key) { 1790 return Arrays.binarySearch(sortedArray, key) >= 0; 1791 } 1792}