Catatan Rilis Fedora

Fedora Documentation Project

Version 8.92 (2008-03-17)

This document is released under the terms of the Open Publication License. For more details, read the full legalnotice in Bagian 3, “Legal Notice”.

[Tip] Latest Release Notes on the Web

These release notes may be updated. Visit http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ to view the latest release notes for Fedora Core.

Catatan Revisi
Revisi 8.92 2008-03-17 fdp

Catatan Rilis untuk F9 Rilis Preview


1. Selamat Datang di Fedora
2. Release Highlights
2.1. Tour Fedora
2.1.1. Ringkasan Rilis
2.2. Yang Baru di Fedora
2.2.1. Spins
2.2.2. Jigdo
2.2.3. Fitur
2.3. Road Map
3. Legal Notice
4. Umpan Balik
4.1. Memberikan Umpan Balik pada Perangkat Lunak Fedora
4.2. Catatan Rilis pada Pemberian Umpan Balik
5. Catatan Pemasangan
5.1. Perubahan di Anaconda
5.2. Issue Terkait Pemasangan
5.2.1. Nama Perangkat IDE
5.2.2. IDE RAID
5.2.3. Pemasangan banyak NIC dan PXE
5.3. Issue Berkaitan dengan Pemutakhiran
5.3.1. Batasan partisi penggerak SCSI
5.3.2. Partisi disk harus diberi label
5.3.3. Upgrades versus fresh installations
5.4. Issue Kickstart HTTP
6. Catatan Khusus Arsitekur
6.1. Dukungan multi arsitektur RPM pada platform 64-bit (x86_64, ppc64)
6.2. Info Khusus PPC untuk Fedora
6.2.1. Kebutuhan Perangkat Keras untuk PPC
6.2.2. Halaman 4KiB pada mesin 64-bit
6.2.3. Keyboard Apple
6.2.4. Catatan instalasi PPC
6.2.5. Paket Khusus PPC
6.3. info Khusus x86 untuk Fedora
6.3.1. Kebutuhan perangkat keras untuk x86
6.4. Info Khusus x86_64 untuk Fedora
6.4.1. Kebutuhan perangkata keras untuk x86_64
7. Citra Fedora Live
7.1. Available Images
7.2. Informasi Penggunaan
7.3. Instalasi Modus Teks
7.4. Instalasi Langsung
7.4.1. Pengebutan USB
7.4.2. Persistensi Live USB
7.4.3. Perubahan Perangkat
7.4.4. Perbedaan dari Pemasangan Fedora Biasa
8. Catatan Paket
8.1. Sound Card Utility
8.2. Perl
8.3. Perubahan Yum
8.4. pam_mount
8.5. TeXLive
8.6. LTSP
8.7. Paket Utilitas
8.8. pilot-link and HAL/PolicyKit Interaction
8.9. Informasi Legal
9. Kernel Linux
9.1. Versi
9.2. Changelog
9.3. Kernel Flavors
9.4. Persiapan untuk Pengembangan Kernel
9.5. Pelaporan Bug
10. Fedora Desktop
10.1. GNOME
10.1.1. Gvfs
10.1.2. Display Manager GNOME
10.2. KDE
10.2.1. Perubahan Ruang Kerja (Workspace)
10.2.2. Perubahan Paket dan Aplikasi
10.3. Bluetooth
10.4. XULRunner
10.5. Web Browser
10.5.1. Menghidupkan Plugin Flash
10.6. Mematikan PC Speaker
10.7. Applet Jam Internasional
10.8. Kamus Terkonsolidasi
10.9. Compiz
10.10. vmmouse Driver
11. File Systems
11.1. Ext4 Pratilik
12. Server Web
12.1. PostgreSQL DBD Driver
12.2. Aplikasi TurboGears
12.3. Drupal
13. Server Mail
13.1. Sendmail
14. Development
14.1. Tools
14.1.1. GCC Compiler Collection
14.1.2. Eclipse
15. Keamanan
15.1. Perbaikan Keamanan
15.2. Dukungan untuk password SHA-256 dan SHA-512
15.3. FORTIFY_SOURCE dikembangkan untuk mencakup fungsi lebih banyak
15.4. SELinux Enhancements
15.5. Perilaku Default Firewall
15.6. Informasi Umum
15.7. SELinux
15.8. IPA Bebas
16. Java
16.1. OpenJDK
16.2. OpenJDK Menggantikan IcedTea
16.3. Penanganan Applet Java
16.4. Penanganan Aplikasi Web Start
16.5. Fedora dan JPackage
17. Layanan Sistem
17.1. Upstart
17.2. NetworkManager
18. Multimedia
18.1. Pemain Multimedia
18.2. Format Ogg dan Xiph.Org Foundation
18.3. MP3, DVD, dan Format Multimedia lainnya yang tidak dimasukkan
18.4. Pembakaran dan Pembuatan CD dan DVD
18.5. Screencasts
18.6. Pengembangan Dukungan melalui Plugins
19. Permainan dan Hiburan
20. Virtualisasi
20.1. Pengembangan Integrasi Kernel
20.2. Pengelolaan Penyimpanan Lebih Baik
20.3. Integrasi PolicyKit
20.4. Otentikasi Jarak Jauh Dikembangkan
20.5. Pengembangan Terakhir
21. X Window System (Grafis)
21.1. Lebih cepat dalam memulai dan mengakhiri X
21.2. Perubahan Konfigurasi X
21.3. Driver Video Pihak Ketiga
22. Database Server
22.1. MySQL
22.1.1. DBD Driver
22.2. PostgreSQL
23. Internationalisasi (i18n)
23.1. Cakupan Bahasa
23.1.1. Pemasangan Dukungan Bahasa
23.1.2. Transifex
23.2. Aksara
23.2.1. Aksara Cina
23.2.2. Aksara Indic
23.2.3. Aksara Jepang
23.2.4. Aksara Nepal
23.2.5. Aksara Thai
23.3. Metode Input
23.3.1. im-chooser
23.3.2. SCIM hotkeys
23.3.3. scim-python
23.3.4. scim-python-chinese
24. Kompatibilitas Mundur
24.1. Kompatibilitas Pengompilasi
24.2. Pustaka / Platform Pengembangan KDE 3
25. Perubahan Paket
26. Proyek Fedora
27. Colophon
27.1. Kontributor
27.2. Metode Produksi

1. Selamat Datang di Fedora

Proyek Fedora adalah proyek sumber terbuka yang didukung oleh komunitas dan disponsori oleh Red Hat. Tujuannya adalah pengembangan yang cepat dari perangkat lunak yang bebas dan dengan sumber terbuka. Proyek Fedora menggunakan forum umum, proses terbuka, inovasi cepat, meritokrasi, dan transparansi dalam mengejar yang terbaik dari suatu sistem operasi dan platform yang bebas dan perangkat lunak sumber terbuka bisa sediakan.

[Tip] Catatan Rilis Mutakhir di Web

Catatan rilis ini mungkin sudah dimutakhirkan. Untuk melihat versi terakhir catatan rilis untuk Fedora, kunjungi:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

[Penting] Catatan Rilis sebelumnya di web

Jika Anda berpindah dari rilis Fedora yang lebih tua dari rilis sebelum ini, Anda perlu mengacu pada Catatan Rilis yang sebelumnya untuk informasi tambahan. Anda dapat menemukan Catatan Rilis pada http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/.

Anda dapat membantu komunitas Proyek Fedora untuk melanjutkan pengembangan Fedora jika anda mengirimkan laporan bug dan permintaan perbaikan. Lihat di halaman http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/BugsAndFeatureRequests untuk informasi mengenai bug. Terima kasih atas partisipasi Anda.

Untuk mengetahui lebih jauh informasi umum mengenai Fedora, lihatlah halaman web berikut:

[Catatan] Pranala Dokumen

Banyak pranala yang mungkin tidak berfungsi dengan baik dalam lingkungan instalasi, dikarenakan oleh batasan sumber daya. Catatan rilis juga tersedia setelah instalasi sebagai bagian dari home page default browser web. Jika Anda terhubung ke Internet, gunakan pranala berikut untuk menemukan informasi mengenai Fedora dan komunitas yang membuat dan mendukungnya.

2. Release Highlights

[Tip] Catatan Rilis Mutakhir di Web

Catatan rilis ini mungkin sudah dimutakhirkan. Untuk melihat versi terakhir catatan rilis untuk Fedora, kunjungi:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

2.1. Tour Fedora

Anda dapat menemukan sebuah tour berisi gambar dan video dari rilis baru ini pada http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Tours/Fedora9.

2.1.1. Ringkasan Rilis

Untuk ringkasan perubahan penting dalam rilis ini yang tidak terlalu teknis, silakan lihat:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/9/ReleaseSummary

2.2. Yang Baru di Fedora

This release includes significant new versions of many key components and technologies. The following sections provide a brief overview of major changes from the last release of Fedora.

2.2.1. Spins

Fedora includes several different spins, which are variations of Fedora built from a specific set of software packages. Each spin has a combination of software to meet the requirements of a specific kind of end user. In addition to a very small boot.iso image for network installation, users have the following spin choices:

  • A regular Fedora image for desktops, workstations, and server users. This spin provides a good upgrade path and similar environment for users of previous releases of Fedora.

  • One of several Live images that can be run from a disc or USB flash device, and can be installed to hard disk as desired. Refer to the "Live" section for more information about the Live images.

More custom spins are available at http://spins.fedoraproject.org. These Live images can be used on USB media via the livecd-iso-to-disk utility available in the livecd-tools package.

2.2.2. Jigdo

Fedora releases are also available via Jigdo. This distribution method can improve the speed of obtaining the installation ISO images. Instead of waiting for torrent downloads to complete, Jigdo seeks the fastest mirrors it can find via the Fedora Project Mirror Manager infrastructure, and downloads the bits it needs from these mirrors. To optimize seeking these bits, you can tell Jigdo to scan a DVD or CD you already have, and cut down on redundant downloads. This feature becomes particularly useful if you:

  1. Unduh semua rilis test dan kemudian ambil rilis final, di mana anda telah mendapatkan 90% dari data dari tiap pengunduhan.

  2. Unduh kedua set DVD dan CD, di mana DVD mengandung 95% dari data yang diperlukan untuk set CD.

  3. Unduh kombinasi dari di atas.

2.2.3. Fitur

  • This release features GNOME 2.22. GNOME now includes a webcam photo and video creation utility called Cheese, improved network filesystem support, a new international clock applet, Google Calendar support and custom email labels in Evolution, a new Remote Desktop Viewer, improved accessibility features, and PolicyKit integration.

  • KDE 4.0.3 tersedia dalam citra KDE Live dan juga dalam DVD.

  • Xfce 4.4.2 juga tersedia sebagai bagian dari rilis ini.

  • NetworkManager 0.7 provides improved mobile broadband support, including GSM and CDMA devices, and now supports multiple devices and ad-hoc networking for sharing connections. It is now enabled by default on installations from DVD, CD, the network, and Live images.

  • The Fedora installer, Anaconda, now supports partition resizing for ext2/3, NTFS filesystems, creating and installing to encrypted file systems, improved Rescue Mode with FirstAidKit, independent locations for the second stage installer and the software packages. A redesigned, larger netboot.iso image now features a second stage installer partly for this reason.

  • Live USB images now support persistence, so your data and setting changes will be preserved even after rebooting.

  • PackageKit, a new set of graphical and console tools, with a framework for cross-distribution software management, has replaced Pirut in this release of Fedora. The PackageKit graphical updater is available instead of Pup. Behind PackageKit, the performance of yum has been significantly improved.

  • FreeIPA makes managing auditing, identity and policy processes easier by providing web-based and command line provisioning, and administration tools to ease system administration. FreeIPA combines the power of the Fedora Directory Server with FreeRADIUS, MIT Kerberos, NTP and DNS to provide an easy, out of the box solution.

  • Ext4, the next version of the mature and stable ext3 filesystem is available as a option in this release. Ext4 features better performance, higher storage capacity and several other new features.

  • This release of Fedora uses Upstart, an event-based replacement for the /sbin/init daemon.

  • Firefox 3 brings a number of major improvements including a native look and feel, desktop integration, the new Places replacement for bookmarks, and a re-worked address bar.

  • The completely free and open source Java environment OpenJDK 6 is installed by default. IcedTea 7, derived from OpenJDK 1.7, is no longer the default. IcedTea includes a browser plug-in based on GCJ, and is available for both x86 and x86_64 architectures. GCJ is still the default on PPC architecture.

  • OpenOffice.org 2.4, dengan banyak fitur baru, tersedia sebagai bagian dari Fedora 9.

  • Fedora now includes Perl 5.10.0, which features a smaller memory footprint and other improvements.

  • Fedora now includes TeXLive to replace the older, unmaintained TeX distribution.

  • Fedora 9 features a 2.6.25 based kernel.

  • Kernel crashes can be more automatically reported to http://www.kerneloops.org/ and diagnosed in a friendly way via the kerneloops package installed by default. Crash signatures are commonly referred to as oopses in Linux.

  • Work on the start-up and shutdown in X has yielded noticeable improvements.

2.3. Road Map

The proposed plans for the next release of Fedora are available at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/RoadMap.

3. Legal Notice

Copyright (c) 2007 by Red Hat, Inc. and others. This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0, available at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/.

The Fedora Art Project created the admonition graphics (note, tip, important, caution, and warning). Tommy Reynolds created the callout graphics. They all may be freely redistributed with documentation produced for the Fedora Project.

FEDORA, FEDORA PROJECT, and the Fedora Logo are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., are registered or pending registration in the U.S. and other countries, and are used here under license to the Fedora Project.

Red Hat and the Red Hat "Shadow Man" logo are registered trademarks of Red Hat Inc. in the United States and other countries.

All other trademarks and copyrights referred to are the property of their respective owners.

Documentation, as with software itself, may be subject to export control. Read about Fedora Project export controls at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal/Export.

4. Umpan Balik

Thank you for taking the time to provide your comments, suggestions, and bug reports to the Fedora community. By doing so, you help improve the state of Fedora, Linux, and free software worldwide.

4.1. Memberikan Umpan Balik pada Perangkat Lunak Fedora

To provide feedback on Fedora software or other system elements, please refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/BugsAndFeatureRequests. A list of commonly reported bugs and known issues for this release is available from http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Bugs/F9Common.

4.2. Catatan Rilis pada Pemberian Umpan Balik

[Penting] Umpan Balik untuk Catatan Rilis Saja

This section concerns feedback on the release notes themselves.

If you feel these release notes could be improved in any way, you can provide your feedback directly to the beat writers. Here are several ways to do so, in order of preference:

  1. If you have a Fedora account, edit content directly at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Beats.

  2. Fill out a bug request using this template: http://tinyurl.com/nej3u - This link is ONLY for feedback on the release notes themselves. Refer to the admonition above for details.

  3. Email relnotes@fedoraproject.org.

5. Catatan Pemasangan

[Tip] Catatan Rilis Mutakhir di Web

Catatan rilis ini mungkin sudah dimutakhirkan. Untuk melihat versi terakhir catatan rilis untuk Fedora, kunjungi:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

[Penting] Panduan Pemasangan Fedora

To learn how to install Fedora, refer to http://docs.fedoraproject.org/install-guide/.

[Tip] Installation issues not covered in these release notes

If you encounter a problem or have a question during installation that is not covered in these relese notes, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FAQ and http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Bugs/Common.

Anaconda adalah nama program pemasang Fedora. Bagian ini membahas issue terkait dengan Anaconda dan pemasangan Fedora 9.

[Catatan] Mengunduh Berkas Besar

If you intend to download the Fedora DVD ISO image, keep in mind that not all file downloading tools can accommodate files larger than 2 GiB in size. Tools without this limitation include wget 1.9.1-16 and above, curl, and ncftpget. BitTorrent is another method for downloading large files. For information about obtaining and using the torrent file, refer to http://torrent.fedoraproject.org/.

Anaconda tests the integrity of installation media by default. This function works with the CD, DVD, hard drive ISO, and NFS ISO installation methods. The Fedora Project recommends that you test all installation media before starting the installation process and before reporting any installation-related bugs. Many of the bugs reported are actually due to improperly-burned CDs or DVDs.

The mediacheck function is highly sensitive, and may report some usable discs as faulty. This result is often caused by disc writing software that does not include padding when creating discs from ISO files. To use this test, at boot time hit any key to enter the menu. Then press the Tab key, add the option mediacheck to the parameter list, and press Enter.

Setelah berhasil menyelesaikan mediacheck, boot ulang untuk kembali ke keadaan normal. Pada banyak sistem, hasilnya adalah proses instalasi dari cakram yang lebih cepat. Anda dapat melompati pilihan mediacheck ketika boot ulang.

[Penting] BitTorrent Memeriksa Integritas Berkas Secara Otomatis

If you use BitTorrent, any files you download are automatically validated. If your file completes downloading, you do not need to check it. Once you burn your CD or DVD, however, you should still use mediacheck to test the integrity of the media.

Untuk melakukan pengujian memori sebelum memasang Fedora, tekan tombol apa saja untuk masuk ke menu boot, kemudian pilih Memory Test. Pilihan ini menjalankan perangkat lunak Memtest86 menggantikan Anaconda. Pengujian memori Memtest86 terus berjalan sampai anda menekan tombol Esc.

[Catatan] Ketersediaan memtest86

Anda harus boot dari Disc Instalasi 1, DVD, atau CD rescue untuk mempergunakan fitur ini.

Fedora 9 supports graphical FTP and HTTP installations. However, the installer image must either fit in RAM or appear on local storage, such as Installation Disc 1. Therefore, only systems with more than 192MiB of RAM, or which boot from Installation Disc 1, can use the graphical installer. Systems with 192MiB RAM or less fall back to using the text-based installer automatically. If you prefer to use the text-based installer, type linux text at the boot: prompt.

5.1. Perubahan di Anaconda

  • Dukungan built-in untuk mengubah ukuran partisi ext2, ext3, dan ntfs.

  • Dukungan untuk pemasangan perangkat blok terenkripsi, termasuk sistemberkas root.

  • Consolidated network booting ISO image, replacing old boot.iso, diskboot.img, and rescuecd.iso.

  • Lokasi pemasang babak kedua sekarang tergantung dari lokasi paket perangkat lunak.

  • Pemasangan secara natif ke mesin - mesin x86 dan x86_64 menggunakan EFI dan booting melalui grub.

  • Pemeriksaan dan pendeteksian perangkat keras saat ini berbasis pada HAL dan udev.

  • Dukungan untuk persistensi dalam citra langsung dalam media USB flash.

5.2.1. Nama Perangkat IDE

Use of /dev/hdX on i386 and x86_64 for IDE drives has changed to /dev/sdX. See notes about the importance of labeling devices for upgrades from releases before Fedora 7, and partition limitations.

5.2.2. IDE RAID

Tidak semua pengendali IDE RAID didukung. Jika pengendali RAID belum didukung olhe dmraid , Anda dapat memasukkan penggerak ke dalam array RAID dengan mengkonfigurasi RAID perangkat lunak Linux. Untuk pengendali yang didukung, konfigurasi fungsi RAID dapat dilakukan melalui BIOS komputer.

5.2.3. Pemasangan banyak NIC dan PXE

Some servers with multiple network interfaces may not assign eth0 to the first network interface as BIOS knows it, which can cause the installer to try using a different network interface than was used by PXE. To change this behavior, use the following in pxelinux.cfg/* config files:

IPAPPEND 2 
APPEND ksdevice=bootif

The configuration options above causes the installer to use the same network interface as BIOS and PXE use. You can also use the following option:

ksdevice=link 

This option causes the installer to use the first network device it finds that is linked to a network switch.

Silakan mengacu pada http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/DistributionUpgrades untuk prosedur detil yang direkomendasikan untuk meng-upgrade Fedora.

5.3.1. Batasan partisi penggerak SCSI

Whereas older IDE drivers supported up to 63 partitions per device, SCSI devices are limited to 15 partitions per device. Anaconda uses the libata driver in the same fashion as the rest of Fedora, so it is unable to detect more than 15 partitions on an IDE disk during the installation or upgrade process.

If you are upgrading a system with more than 15 partitions, you may need to migrate the disk to Logical Volume Management (LVM). This restriction may cause conflicts with other installed systems if they do not support LVM. Most modern Linux distributions support LVM, and drivers are available for other operating systems as well.

5.3.2. Partisi disk harus diberi label

A change in the way that the Linux kernel handles storage devices means that device names like /dev/hdX or /dev/sdX may differ from the values used in earlier releases. Anaconda solves this problem by relying on partition labels or UUIDs for finding devices. If these are not present, then Anaconda presents a warning indicating that partitions need to be labelled and that the upgrade can not proceed. Systems that use Logical Volume Management (LVM) and the device mapper usually do not require relabeling.

5.3.2.1. Untuk memeriksa label partisi disk

To view partition labels, boot the existing Fedora installation, and enter the following at a terminal prompt:

/sbin/blkid

Confirm that each volume line in the list has a LABEL= value, as shown below:

/dev/hdd1: LABEL="/boot" UUID="ec6a9d6c-6f05-487e-a8bd-a2594b854406" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
5.3.2.2. Memutakhirkan isian mount sistem berkas.

If any filesystem labels were added or modified, then the device entries in /etc/fstab must be adjusted to match:

su -c "cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.orig"
su -c "gedit /etc/fstab"

An example of a mount by label entry is:

LABEL=f7-slash  /  ext3  defaults  1 1
5.3.2.3. Update the grub.conf kernel root entry

If the label for the / (root) filesystem was modified, the kernel boot parameter in the grub configuration file must also be modified:

su -c "gedit /boot/grub/grub.conf"

A matching example kernel grub line is:

kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.20-1.2948.fc6 ro root=LABEL=f7-slash rhgb quiet
5.3.2.4. Test changes made to labels

If partition labels were adjusted, or the /etc/fstab file modified, then boot the existing Fedora installation to confirm that all partitions still mount normally and login is successful. When complete, reboot with the installation media to start the installer and begin the upgrade.

5.3.3. Upgrades versus fresh installations

In general, fresh installations are recommended over upgrades, particularly for systems that include software from third-party repositories. Third-party packages remaining from a previous installation may not work as expected on an upgraded Fedora system. If you decide to perform an upgrade anyway, the following information may be helpful:

  • Before you upgrade, back up the system completely. In particular, preserve /etc, /home, and possibly /opt and /usr/local if customized packages are installed there. You may wish to use a multi-boot approach with a "clone" of the old installation on alternate partition(s) as a fallback. In that case, create alternate boot media, such as a GRUB boot floppy.

    [Tip] Pencadangan Konfigurasi Sistem

    Backups of configurations in /etc are also useful in reconstructing system settings after a fresh installation.

  • After you complete the upgrade, run the following command:

    rpm -qa --last > RPMS_by_Install_Time.txt 
    

    Inspect the end of the output for packages that pre-date the upgrade. Remove or upgrade those packages from third-party repositories, or otherwise deal with them as necessary. Some previously installed packages may no longer be available in any configured repository. To list all these packages, use the following command:

    su -c "yum list extras"

5.4. Issue Kickstart HTTP

When using a Kickstart configuration file via HTTP, kickstart file retrieval may fail with an error that indicates the file could not be retrieved. Click the OK button several times without making modifications to override this error successfully. As a workaround, use one of the other supported methods to retrieve Kickstart configurations.

6. Catatan Khusus Arsitekur

[Tip] Catatan Rilis Mutakhir di Web

Catatan rilis ini mungkin sudah dimutakhirkan. Untuk melihat versi terakhir catatan rilis untuk Fedora, kunjungi:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

Bagian ini mencakup informasi khusus mengenai Fedora dan arsitektur perangkat keras yang didukung oleh Fedora.

6.1. Dukungan multi arsitektur RPM pada platform 64-bit (x86_64, ppc64)

RPM supports parallel installation of multiple architectures of the same package. A default package listing such as rpm -qa might appear to include duplicate packages, since the architecture is not displayed. Instead, use the repoquery command, part of the yum-utils package, which displays architecture by default. To install yum-utils , run the following command:

su -c "yum install yum-utils"

To list all packages with their architecture using rpm, run the following command:

rpm -qa --queryformat "%{name}-%{version}-%{release}.%{arch}\n"

You can add this to /etc/rpm/macros (for a system wide setting) or ~/.rpmmacros (for a per-user setting). It changes the default query to list the architecture:

%_query_all_fmt      %%{name}-%%{version}-%%{release}.%%{arch}

6.2. Info Khusus PPC untuk Fedora

Bagian ini mencakup informasi khusus mengenai Fedora dan platform perangkat keras PPC.

6.2.1. Kebutuhan Perangkat Keras untuk PPC

6.2.1.1. Prosesor dan Memori

  • Minimum CPU: PowerPC G3 / POWER3.

  • Fedora 9 supports only the "New World" generation of Apple Power Macintosh, shipped from circa 1999 onward. Although "Old World" machines should work, they require a special bootloader which is not included in the Fedora distribution.

  • Fedora 9 mendukung mesin IBM RS/6000, pSeries, iSeries, dan Cell Broadband Engine.

  • Fedora 9 juga mendukung Sony PlayStation 3 dan Genesi Pegasos II dan Efika.

  • Fedora 9 memasukkan dukungan perangkat keras baru untuk mesin 'Electra' dari P.A. Semiconductor.

  • Yang dianjurkan untuk mode teks: 233 MHz G3 atau lebih baik, 128MiB RAM.

  • Yang dianjurkan untuk mode grafis: 400 MHz G3 atau lebih baik, 256MiB RAM.

6.2.1.2. Ruang Hard Disk

The complete packages can occupy over 9 GB of disk space. Final size is entirely determined by the installing spin and the packages selected during installation. Additional disk space is required during installation to support the installation environment. This additional disk space corresponds to the size of /Fedora/base/stage2.img (on Installation Disc 1) plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm on the installed system.

In practical terms, additional space requirements may range from as little as 90 MiB for a minimal installation to as much as an additional 175 MiB for a larger installation.

Additional space is also required for any user data, and at least 5% free space should be maintained for proper system operation.

6.2.2. Halaman 4KiB pada mesin 64-bit

After a brief experiment with 64KiB pages in Fedora Core 6, the PowerPC64 kernel has now been switched back to 4KiB pages. The installer should reformat any swap partitions automatically during an upgrade.

6.2.3. Keyboard Apple

The Option key on Apple systems is equivalent to the Alt key on the PC. Where documentation and the installer refer to the Alt key, use the Option key. For some key combinations you may need to use the Option key in conjunction with the Fn key, such as Option+Fn+F3 to switch to virtual terminal tty3.

6.2.4. Catatan instalasi PPC

Fedora Installation Disc 1 is bootable on supported hardware. In addition, a bootable CD image appears in the images/ directory of this disc. These images behave differently according to your system hardware:

  • Pada kebanyakan mesin, bootloader secara otomatis boot installer 32-bit atau 64-bit yang sesuai dari CD instalasi.

  • 64-bit IBM pSeries (POWER4/POWER5), current iSeries models. Setelah menggunakan OpenFirmware untuk boot CD, bootloader, yaboot, secara otomatis boot installer 64-bit.

  • IBM "Legacy" iSeries (POWER4).  So-called "Legacy" iSeries models, which do not use OpenFirmware, require use of the boot image located in the images/iSeries directory of the installation tree.

  • 32-bit CHRP (IBM RS/6000 and others).  After using OpenFirmware to boot the CD, select the linux32 boot image at the boot: prompt to start the 32-bit installer. Otherwise, the 64-bit installer starts and fails.

  • Genesi Pegasos II / Efika 5200B.  The Fedora kernel supports both Pegasos and Efika without the need to use the "Device Tree Supplement" from powerdeveloper.org. However, the lack of full support for ISO9660 in the firmware means that booting via yaboot from the CD is not possible. Boot the 'netboot' image instead, either from the CD or over the network. Because of the size of the image, you must set the firmware's load-base variable to load files at a high address such as 32MiB instead of the default 4MiB:

    setenv load-base 0x2000000

    At the OpenFirmware prompt, enter the following command to boot the Efika update, if necessary, or the netboot image from the CD:

    boot cd: /images/netboot/ppc32.img

    Atau dari jaringan:

    boot eth ppc32.img

    You must also manually configure OpenFirmware to make the installed Fedora system bootable. To do this, set the boot-device and boot-file environment variables appropriately, to load yaboot from the /boot partition. For example, a default installation might require the following:

    setenv boot-device hd:0 
    setenv boot-file /yaboot/yaboot
    setenv auto-boot? true
    
  • PA Semi Electra.  The Electra firmware does not yet support yaboot; to install on Electra, you can boot the ppc64.img netboot image. After the installation, you will need to manually configure the firmware to load the installed kernel and initrd from the /boot partition. Refer to the firmware documentation for further details.

  • Sony PlayStation 3.  For installation on PlayStation 3, first update to firmware 1.60 or later. The "Other OS" boot loader must be installed into the flash, following the instructions at http://www.playstation.com/ps3-openplatform/manual.html. A suitable boot loader image can be found on Sony's "ADDON" CD, available from ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/geoff/cell/.

    Setelah boot loader diinstal, PlayStation 3 dapat melakukan boot dari media instalasi Fedora. Harap dicatat bahwa instalasi melalui jaringan bekerja lebih baik dengan NFS, karena membutuhkan memory yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan metode instalasi melalui FTP atau HTTP. Penggunakan opsi text juga mengurangi jumlah memory yang dibutuhkan oleh instaler.

    Untuk informasi lebih lanjut mengenai Fedora dan PlayStation3 atau Fedora pada PowerPC secara umum, gabung ke Fedora-PPC mailing list atau channel #fedora-ppc pada FreeNode.

  • Boot via Jaringan. Menggabungkan gambar berisi kernel pemasang dan ramdisk diletakkan dalam direktori images/netboot/ dari struktur pemasang. Semuanya dimaksudkan untuk boot jaringan dengan TFTP, tapi dapat digunakan dalam banyak cara.

    Perintah yaboot mendukung booting TFTP untuk IBM pSeries dan Apple Macintosh. Fedora Project menganjurkan untuk menggunakan perintah yaboot di atas perintah netboot image.

6.2.5. Paket Khusus PPC

Paket ppc64-utils telah dipecah ke dalam paket - paket terpisah yang mencerminkan paket upstream (ps3pf-utils, powerpc-utils, powerpc-utils-papr). Meskipun perintah mkzimage tidak lagi disediakan, Anda dapat menggunakan script wrapper dari paket kernel-bootwrapper:

wrapper -i initrd-${KERN_VERSION}.img -o zImage-${KERN_VERSION}.img vmlinuz-${KERN_VERSION} 

6.3. info Khusus x86 untuk Fedora

Bagian ini mencakup informasi khusus mengenai Fedora dan platform perangkat keras x86.

6.3.1. Kebutuhan perangkat keras untuk x86

Untuk menggunakan fitur spesifik dari Fedora 9 selama atau setelah proses instalasi, Anda perlu mengetahui informasi dari komponen perangkat keras lainnya seperti video dan kartu jaringan.

6.3.1.1. Prosesor dan Memori

Spesifikasi CPU berikut ini menggunakan istilah prosesor Intel. Prosesor lainnya, seperti AMD, Cyrix, dan VIA yang kompatibel dengan dan sama dengan prosesor Intel berikut, juga dapat digunakan dengan Fedora.

Fedora 9 harus dijalankan pada prosesor kelas Intel Pentium atau lebih baik, dan dioptimalkan untuk Pentium 4 dan prosesor mutakhir.

  • Spesifikasi yang dianjurkan untuk mode teks: 200 MHz kelas Pentium atau lebih baik.

  • Spesifikasi yang dianjurkan untuk grafis: 400 MHz Pentium II atau lebih baik.

  • RAM minimum utk mode teks: 128MiB.

  • RAM minimum untuk grafis: 192MiB.

  • Ukuran RAM yg dianjurkan untuk grafis: 256MiB.

6.3.1.2. Ruang Hard Disk

The complete packages can occupy over 9 GB of disk space. Final size is entirely determined by the installing spin and the packages selected during installation. Additional disk space is required during installation to support the installation environment. This additional disk space corresponds to the size of /Fedora/base/stage2.img (on Installation Disc 1) plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm on the installed system.

In practical terms, additional space requirements may range from as little as 90 MiB for a minimal installation to as much as an additional 175 MiB for a larger installation.

Additional space is also required for any user data, and at least 5% free space should be maintained for proper system operation.

6.4. Info Khusus x86_64 untuk Fedora

Bagian ini mencakup informasi khusus mengenai Fedora dan perangkat keras x86_64.

6.4.1. Kebutuhan perangkata keras untuk x86_64

Untuk menggunakan fitur spesifik dari Fedora 9 selama atau setelah proses instalasi, Anda perlu mengetahui informasi dari komponen perangkat keras lainnya seperti video dan kartu jaringan.

6.4.1.1. Kebutuhan memory untuk x86_64

  • RAM minimum untuk mode text: 256MiB.

  • RAM minimum untuk grafis: 384MiB.

  • Besar RAM yang dianjurkan untuk grafis: 512MiB.

6.4.1.2. Kebutuhan ruang hard disk untuk x86_64

The complete packages can occupy over 9 GB of disk space. Final size is entirely determined by the installing spin and the packages selected during installation. Additional disk space is required during installation to support the installation environment. This additional disk space corresponds to the size of /Fedora/base/stage2.img (on Installation Disc 1) plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm on the installed system.

In practical terms, additional space requirements may range from as little as 90 MiB for a minimal installation to as much as an additional 175 MiB for a larger installation.

Additional space is also required for any user data, and at least 5% free space should be maintained for proper system operation.

7. Citra Fedora Live

[Tip] Catatan Rilis Mutakhir di Web

Catatan rilis ini mungkin sudah dimutakhirkan. Untuk melihat versi terakhir catatan rilis untuk Fedora, kunjungi:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

The Fedora release includes several live ISO images in addition to the traditional installation images. These ISO images are bootable, and you can burn them to media and use them to try out Fedora. They also include a feature that allows you to install the Live image content to your hard drive for persistence and higher performance.

7.1. Available Images

Untuk daftar lengkap spin yang tersedia, dan instruksi untuk menggunakannya, lihat ke:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/CustomSpins

7.2. Informasi Penggunaan

To boot from the Live image, insert it into your computer and restart. To log in and use the desktop environment, enter the username fedora. Hit Enter at the password prompt, since there is no password on this account. The Live images do not automatically login so users can select a preferred language. After logging in, if you wish to install the contents of the live image to your hard drive, click on the Install to Hard Drive icon on the desktop.

7.3. Instalasi Modus Teks

Anda dapat melakukan pemasangan citra langsung dalam modus teks menggunakan perintah liveinst dalam konsol.

7.4. Instalasi Langsung

Anda dapat menambahkan liveinst atau textinst sebagai pilihan boot loader untuk melakukan pemasangan langsung tanpa boot ke live CD/DVD.

7.4.1. Pengebutan USB

Cara lain untuk menggunakan citra langsung ini adalah dengan menaruhnya dalam media stik USB. Untuk melakukan ini, pasang paket livecd-tools dari repositori pengembangan. Kemudian, jalankan skrip livecd-iso-to-disk:

/usr/bin/livecd-iso-to-disk /path/to/live.iso /dev/sdb1

Ganti /dev/sdb1 dengan partisi tempat Anda akan menyimpan citranya.

Proses ini bukan proses destruktif; semua data yang Anda sekarang simpan dalam media USB akan tetap ada.

7.4.2. Persistensi Live USB

Dukungan untuk perubahan yang persisten dengan citra langsung ada pada Fedora 9. Kasus penggunaan yang utama adalah boot dari citra langsung dalam USB flash drive dan menyimpan perubahan ke perangkat yang sama. Untuk melakukan ini, unduh citra langsung dan jalankan perintah berikut:

livecd-iso-to-disk --overlay-size-mb 512 /path/to/live.iso /dev/sdb1

Ganti /dev/sdb1 dengan partisi tempat Anda akan menyimpan citranya.

Ganti 512 dengan ukuran yang diinginkan dalam megabyte dari data yang persisten, atau overlay. Perintah skrip shell livecd-iso-to-disk disimpan dalam direktori LiveOS pada level teratas dari citra CD. Media USB harus memiliki cukup tempat kosong untuk citra langsung, ditambah overlay, ditambah data lain yang akan disimpan dalam media.

7.4.3. Perubahan Perangkat

Pekerjaan telah dilanjutkan untuk mengintegrasikan citra langsung dengan sistem secara keseluruhan, dan mengembangkan perangkat yang digunakan untuk membangunnya. Perangkat livecd-creator sekarang menyediakan API untuk membangun front-end alternatif, sebagaimana juga perangkat untuk citra jenis lainnya.

7.4.4. Perbedaan dari Pemasangan Fedora Biasa

Yang berikut ini adalah perbedaan dari pemasangan Fedora normal dengan citra langsung.

  • Citra langsung menyediakan paket lebih sedikit daripada yang tersedia dalam citra DVD biasa. Keduanya terkait ke repositori yang sama yang memiliki semua paket.

  • SSH secara default tidak diaktifkan. SSH tidak diaktifkan karena secara default username dalam Citra langsung tidak memiliki password. Namun demikian pemasangan ke hard disk akan meminta pembuatan username baru dan password.

  • Live image installations do not allow any package selection or upgrade capability since they copy the entire file system from media or USB disks, to the hard disk. After the installation is complete, and your system has been rebooted, you can add and remove packages as desired with the Add/Remove Packages tool, yum, or the other software management tools.

  • Citra Langsung ("Live images") tidak jalan pada arsitektur i586.

8. Catatan Paket

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http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

The following sections contain information regarding software packages that have undergone significant changes for Fedora 9. For easier access, they are generally organized using the same groups that are shown in the installation system.

8.1. Sound Card Utility

The system-config-soundcard utility has been removed, due to numerous legacy design and implementation issues. Modern technologies, including udev and the HAL, have made certain sound cards work out of the box. Any sound card not working out of the box should be reported as a bug. Preferences can still be fine-tuned within the desktop environment, using, among others, the PulseAudio tools.

8.2. Perl

Fedora 9 now includes Perl 5.10.0, the first "major" release update in perl5 in some time. The Perl interpreter itself is faster with a smaller memory footprint, and has several UTF-8 and threading improvements. The Perl installation is now relocatable, a blessing for systems administrators and operating system packagers. Perl 5.10.0 also adds a new smart match operator, a switch statement, named captures, state variables, and better error messages.

Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, silakan ke:

http://perldoc.perl.org/perldelta.html

8.3. Perubahan Yum

The installonlyn plugin functionality has been folded into the core yum package. The installonlypkgs and installonly_limit options are used by default to limit the system to retain only two kernel packages. You can adjust the package set or the number of packages, or disable the option entirely to match your preferences. More details are available in the man page for yum.conf.

The yum command now retries when it detects a lock. This function is useful if a daemon is checking for updates, or if you are running yum and one of its graphical frontends simultaneously.

The yum command now understands a cost parameter in its configuration file, which is the relative cost of accessing a software repository. It is useful for weighing one software repository's packages as greater or less than any other. The cost parameter defaults to 1000, with lower costs given priority.

In Fedora 9 Rawhide, the /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-development.repo file has been changed to /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-rawhide.repo. References to development in fedora-rawhide.repo have been changed to rawhide. Due to the way that RPM deals with configuration files, the existing /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-development.repo file is saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-development.repo.rpmsave if it was previous modified. Users of the development repository may need to update scripts custom configuration files to use the new name.

8.4. pam_mount

Fasilitas pam_mount sekarang menggunakan berkas konfigurasi dalam XML. Berkas /etc/security/pam_mount.conf akan dikonversi ke /etc/security/pam_mount.conf.xml selama pemutakhiran dengan /usr/bin/convert_pam_mount_conf.pl, yang akan membuang semua komentar. Semua berkas konfigurasi utk tiap user harus dikonversi secara manual, dengan skrip pengkonversi kalo mau. Contoh berkas pam_mount.conf.xml dengan komentar rinci tentang berbagai pilihan yang tersedia dapat dilihat di /usr/share/doc/pam_mount-*/pam_mount.conf.xml.

8.5. TeXLive

TeXLive is a replacement for the old, unmaintained TeX package. It offers new style packages and fixes many security problems with the old distribution.

8.6. LTSP

The Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP) has been included directly into Fedora 9. Work is ongoing. For the latest news and documentation, refer to:

http://k12linux.fedorahosted.org/

8.7. Paket Utilitas

The nautilus-open-terminal package now uses a GConf key to control its behavior when launched by right-clicking the Desktop. To enable its previous behavior, which opens the resulting terminal in the user's home directory, use this command:

gconftool-2 -s /apps/nautilus-open-terminal/desktop_opens_home_dir --type=bool true

The i810switch package has been removed. This functionality is now available through the xrandr command in the xorg-x11-server-utils package.

The evolution-exchange package replaces evolution-connector , and provides a capability under the old name.

The system-config-firewall and system-config-selinux packages replace system-config-security-level . The system-config-selinux package is part of the policycoreutils-gui package.

The pilot-link package now blacklists the visor module by default. Users are encouraged to try the direct USB access present in recent versions of pilot-link. This is enabled by passing the --port usb: option to the various pilot-link tools, instead of the serial devices used in the past (typically /dev/pilot or /dev/ttyUSB0, /dev/ttyUSB1, and so forth). For example:

pilot-xfer --port usb: --list

The hal-info and hal packages have been updated to correctly set permissions for the necessary USB devices using PolicyKit. If you have any existing manual configurations, revert the changes to avoid possible conflicts.

For further information, refer to the README.fedora included in the pilot-link package.

Informasi legal berikut terkait ke beberapa perangkat lunak dalam Fedora.

Portions Copyright (c) 2002-2007 Charlie Poole or Copyright (c) 2002-2004 James W. Newkirk, Michael C. Two, Alexei A. Vorontsov or Copyright (c) 2000-2002 Philip A. Craig

9. Kernel Linux

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http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

This section covers changes and important information regarding the 2.6.25 based kernel in Fedora 9. The 2.6.25 kernel includes:

  • Dukungan Tickless untuk sisitem x86 64-bit (32-bit telah ditambahkan sebelumnya), yang memperbaiki pengelolaan daya.

  • Beberapa bagian dalam proyek kernel realtime

  • Kernel tersebut memiliki skema baru penamaan versi untuk lebih cocok dengan skema penamaan versi upstream.

  • Berkas spec kernel sekarang dinamai kernel.spec bukan lagi kernel-2.6.spec.

  • Berkas spec kernel memiliki macro yang memudahkan proses pembangunan kernel. Lihat pada http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/CustomKernel untuk informasi lebih lanjut.

  • The kernel in Fedora 9 no longer loads modules by default for ISA sound cards. Load the module by hand using the command modprobe module-name, or put an entry in /etc/modprobe.conf. For example, for the Creative SoundBlaster AWE64, add the following entry:

    install snd-sbawe
  • The Fedora kernel offers paravirt_ops support in domU, as part of the kernel team's efforts to reduce the work required to produce current Xen kernels.

  • Xen fully virtualized guests can directly boot a kernel and initrd image and pass kernel boot args. For more details refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/XenFullvirtKernelBoot.

9.1. Versi

Fedora may include additional patches to the kernel for improvements, bug fixes, or additional features. For this reason, the Fedora kernel may not be line-for-line equivalent to the so-called vanilla kernel from the kernel.org web site:

http://www.kernel.org/

Untuk mendapatkan daftar patch tersebut, unduh paket RPM sumber dan jalankan perintah berikut:

rpm -qpl kernel-<version>.src.rpm 

9.2. Changelog

Untuk mengambil catatan perubahan dari suatu paket, jalankan perintah berikut:

rpm -q --changelog kernel-<version> 

If you need a user friendly version of the changelog, refer to http://wiki.kernelnewbies.org/LinuxChanges. A short and full diff of the kernel is available from http://kernel.org/git. The Fedora version kernel is based on the Linus tree.

Kustomisasi yang dilakukan untuk versi Fedora tersedia dari http://cvs.fedoraproject.org.

9.3. Kernel Flavors

Fedora 9 mengikutsertakan build kernel berikut:

  • Native kernel, for use in most systems. Configured sources are available in the kernel-devel package.

  • The kernel-PAE, for use in 32-bit x86 systems with more than 4GB of RAM, or with CPUs that have an NX (No eXecute) feature. This kernel support both uniprocessor and multi-processor systems. Configured sources are available in the kernel-PAE-devel package.

  • Virtualization kernel for use with the Xen emulator package. Configured sources are available in the kernel-xen-devel package.

You may install kernel headers for all kernel flavors at the same time. The files are installed in the /usr/src/kernels/version[-PAE|-xen|-kdump]-arch/ tree. Use the following command:

su -c "yum install kernel{,-PAE,-xen,-kdump}-devel" 

Select one or more of these flavors, separated by commas and no spaces, as appropriate. Enter the root password when prompted.

[Catatan] x86 Kernel mengikutkan Kdump

Both the x86_64 and the i686 kernels are now relocatable, so they no longer require a separate kernel for kdump capability. PPC64 still requires a separate kdump kernel.

[Catatan] Default Kernel Provides SMP

There is no separate SMP kernel available for Fedora on i386, x86_64, and ppc64. Multiprocessor support is provided by the native kernel.

[Catatan] Dukungan Kernel PowerPC

There is no support for Xen or kdump for the PowerPC architecture in Fedora. 32-bit PowerPC does still have a separate SMP kernel.

9.4. Persiapan untuk Pengembangan Kernel

Fedora 9 does not include the kernel-source package provided by older versions since only the kernel-devel package is required now to build external modules. Configured sources are available, as described in Bagian 9.3, “Kernel Flavors”.

[Penting] Membangun Kernel Custom

For information on kernel development and working with custom kernels, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/CustomKernel.

9.5. Pelaporan Bug

Refer to http://kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/lkml/reporting-bugs.html for information on reporting bugs in the Linux kernel. You may also use http://bugzilla.redhat.com for reporting bugs that are specific to Fedora.

10. Fedora Desktop

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http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

This section details changes that affect Fedora graphical desktop users.

10.1. GNOME

This release features GNOME 2.22.

The GNOME splash screen has been disabled upstream intentionally. To enable it, use gconf-editor or the following command:

gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-session/options/show_splash_screen --type bool true 

The lock screen dialog theme is not connected to the selected screensaver in this release. To enable it, use gconf-editor or the following command:

gconftool-2 --set  --type string /apps/gnome-screensaver/lock_dialog_theme  "system"  

Blinking cursors are enabled by default in this release, and are centrally managed via a gconf setting. To turn it off, run the following command:

gconftool-2 --type bool --set /desktop/gnome/interface/cursor_blink false

10.1.1. Gvfs

GNOME 2.22 features the new Gvfs, a userspace virtual file-system with back-ends for sftp, ftp, dav, smb, obexftp, and others. The Gvfs system is the replacement/successor of gnome-vfs.

Gvfs terdiri dari dua bagian:

  • GIO, which is a new shared library that is part of GLib and provides the API for gvfs

  • Gvfs itu sendiri, paket yang berisi back-end untuk beragam tipe sistem berkas dan protokol

The Gvfs system runs a single master daemon, gvfsd, that keeps track of the current gvfs mounts. Most mounts are run in a separate daemon process. Clients talk to the mounts with a combination of DBus calls (on the session bus and using peer-to-peer DBus) and a custom protocol for file contents.

A few file-system types previously supported by gnome-vfs may not be yet supported by gvfs. Work continues to provide completed solutions for all these types.

10.1.2. Display Manager GNOME

The GNOME Display Manager (gdm) has been updated to the latest upstream code, which is a complete rewrite driven by Fedora developers.

PolicyKit can be used to control shutdown and reboot. The configuration tool gdmsetup is currently missing, and is set to be replaced. For configuration changes, refer to the following:

http://live.gnome.org/GDM/2.22/Configuration

New features available on the login screen include:

  • efek grafis lebih bagus

  • pengaturan dan pengawasan power pada layar login, sehingga laptop akan melakukan hibernasi atau mati ketika batere hampir habis

  • daftar pengguna yang lebih cerdas

  • pemilihan susunan keyboard pada layar login

Untuk informasi lebih pada fitur ini:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/NewGdm

10.2. KDE

This release features KDE 4.0.3. As the kdepim and kdevelop packages are not part of KDE 4.0 and kdewebdev is only partially available (no Quanta) in KDE 4.0, the KDE 3.5.9 versions of those packages are shipped.

KDE 4.0 features upgrades to core components such as the port to Qt 4. It also introduces a number of brand new frameworks such as the Phonon, a multimedia API; Solid, a hardware integration framework; Plasma, a re-written desktop and panel with many new concepts; integrated desktop search; compositing as a feature of KWin; and a brand new visual style called Oxygen. KDE 4.0.3 is a bugfix release from the KDE 4.0 release series.

Fedora 9 does not include the legacy KDE 3 Desktop. It does include a compatibility KDE 3 Development Platform, which can be used to build and run KDE 3 applications within KDE 4 or any other desktop environment. Refer to the Backwards Compatibility section for more details about what is included.

Since networkmanager does not work with the version of NetworkManager available in this release, the KDE Live images use nm-applet from NetworkManager-gnome as a replacement. The gnome-keyring-daemon facility saves passwords for these encryption technologies. (The dummy knetworkmanager package from Fedora 8 that only called nm-applet is no longer used.)

As the native KWin window manager now optionally supports compositing and desktop effects, the KDE Live images no longer include Compiz/Beryl. The KWin compositing/effects mode is disabled by default, but can be enabled in systemsettings.

10.2.1. Perubahan Ruang Kerja (Workspace)

  • Plasma replaces the old Kicker and KDesktop. Plasma manages both the panel and the desktop, and it is now possible to place the same Plasma applets (plasmoids) on both the panel and the desktop if the applet supports the size restrictions imposed by the panel.

  • The old KDE Control Center (KControl) has been replaced by System Settings (systemsettings).

  • The KDM login manager uses a new theme format. Therefore, KDM themes written for KDE 3 do not work with the KDM in KDE 4. KDM now includes support for theme configuration, thus the external kdmtheme tool is no longer needed.

All the above applications can be found in the kdebase-workspace package.

10.2.2. Perubahan Paket dan Aplikasi

  • The packages qt , kdelibs , and kdebase now represent the KDE 4 version, obsoleting the qt4 , kdelibs4 , and kdebase4 packages in previous releases of Fedora.

  • The Qt/KDE 3 versions have been renamed qt3 , kdelibs3 , and kdebase3 . Fedora 9 only includes parts of kdebase3 . Refer to the Backwards Compatibility section for details.

  • Upstream KDE has split the kdebase module into three modules: kdebase-runtime , kdebase (sometimes called kdebase-apps to distinguish it from the old monolithic kdebase ), and kdebase-workspace . This split is reflected in the Fedora packages.

  • Fedora 9 menambahkan paket kdegames3 yang berisi permainan yang belum diport ke KDE 4.

  • Dolphin, bagian dari kdebase , menggantikan d3lphin .

  • The kdebase-workspace package now includes support for KDM theme configuration, and therefore obsoletes kdmtheme .

  • Okular menggantikan KPDF, KGhostView, dan KFax dalam kdegraphics .

  • Paket kaider menggantikan KBabel, yang merupakan bagian dari kdesdk .

  • Paket okteta menggantikan KHexEdit, yang merupakan bagian dari kdeutils .

  • Paket kalgebra dan marble saat ini merupakan bagian dari kdeedu .

  • Paket ksudoku saat ini merupakan bagian dari kdegames .

  • Paket gwenview saat ini merupakan bagian dari kdegraphics .

  • Paket kiconedit dan kcoloredit, yang dulunya merupakan bagian dari kdegraphics , saat ini merupakan paket terpisah.

  • The package kmid , which used to be part of kdemultimedia , is now a separate package.

  • The Fedora KDE team has decided to drop the -extras sub-packages, which contained deprecated or unstable applications, because those applications have been either fixed or dropped in KDE 4.

  • The package kdeadmin-kpackage has been split out of kdeadmin because KPackage now depends on smart .

  • KDE 4 dropped the kdeaddons module. Therefore, there is no kdeaddons package in Fedora 9. The Atlantik Designer, for use with kdegames3 , is still available as kdeaddons-atlantikdesigner. The ksig application and the konq-plugins Konqueror plugins are now their own packages, and extragear-plasma replaces the Kicker addons.

10.3. Bluetooth

The Bluetooth feature in Fedora 9 (http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/BluetoothFedora9) has several enhancements specific to this release. The future generations of this feature are covered with greater detail at:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/FeatureBluetooth

File sending to a Bluetooth device is now handled with the bluetooth-sendto program from the bluez-gnome package, which replaces gnome-obex-sen. Send a file in Nautilus from the Send to... function in the right-click context menu.

Pulling files from a Bluetooth device is now included in gnome-user-share , which has ObexFTP and ObexPush support built-in. Share files via SystemPreferencesInternet and NetworkPersonal File SharingShare Public files over Bluetooth (ObexFTP support), or pull files using ObexPush with PersonalFile SharingReceive files in Downloads folder over Bluetooth.

Files on the remote Bluetooth device can be viewed directly in Nautilus through GVFS, which supports Bluetooth devices. Synchronizing a Bluetooth device with a personal information manager (PIM) device is done using gnome-pilot

Browsing of Bluetooth devices is done via the right-click context menu from the Bluetooth icon on the desktop panel.

10.4. XULRunner

Applications that require the Gecko engine have had to depend on the entirety of Firefox. XULRunner is the Mozilla effort to split the browser engine for applications that require only that functionality, and no user interface parts. This split provides more API/ABI stability and a cleaner build environment for applications using Gecko. Many of the applications in Fedora that previously used Gecko now are built against XULRunner.

For a current status, visit http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/XULRunner. To help with development, visit http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/FeatureXULRunnerAPIChanges.

For full upstream documentation, refer to http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/XULRunner.

10.5. Web Browser

This release of Fedora includes version 3.0 of the popular Firefox web browser. Refer to http://firefox.com/ for more information about Firefox. The nspluginwrapper package is included by default even on 32-bit systems since it separates the plugins to run in their own address space, which increases security and reliability of the browser.

For information about Firefox 3.0 in Fedora, refer to this feature page:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/Firefox3

10.5.1. Menghidupkan Plugin Flash

Fedora includes swfdec and gnash , which are free and open source implementations of Flash. We encourage you to try either or them before seeking out Adobe's proprietary Flash plugin software.

Users of Fedora x86_64 must install the nspluginwrapper.i386 package to enable the 32-bit Adobe Flash plugin in x86_64 Firefox and the pulseaudio-libs.i386 package to enable sound from the plugin.

  1. Membuat direktori plugin mozilla 32bit:

    su -c "mkdir -p /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins" 
    
  2. Instal paket nspluginwrapper.i386 , nspluginwrapper.x86_64 , dan pulseaudio-libs.i386 :

    su -c "yum install nspluginwrapper.{i386,x86_64} pulseaudio-libs.i386" 
    
  3. Install flash-plugin as shown above.

    Run mozilla-plugin-config to register the flash plugin:

    su -c "mozilla-plugin-config -i -g -v" 
    
  4. Close all Firefox windows, and then relaunch Firefox.

    Type about:plugins in the URL bar to ensure the plugin is loaded.

10.6. Mematikan PC Speaker

PC speaker is enabled by default in Fedora. If you do not prefer this, there are two ways to circumvent the sounds:

  • Reduce its volume to a acceptable level or completely mute the PC speaker in alsamixer with the setting for PC Speak.

  • Disable the PC speaker system wide by running the following commands in a console.

su -
modprobe -r pcspkr
echo "install pcspkr :" >> /etc/modprobe.conf

10.7. Applet Jam Internasional

The new clock applet in the GNOME panel has expanded to support additional international timezones in the display, as well as weather information for each configured timezone displayed. This work, which involved merging intlclock with the GNOME clock applet, provides all the functionality of system-config-date and the weather applet. Additional features include: users can choose arbtirary locations instead of principal timezones; UI enhancements for new and old functions; and full weather information shown in a tool tip.

Baca lebih lanjut mengenai fitur ini:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/FeatureClockApplet

10.8. Kamus Terkonsolidasi

There is a new default spell checking back-end, hunspell, for both the GNOME and KDE desktops, as well as applications such as OpenOffice.org, Firefox, and other XULRunner-based applications. This common back-end includes a set of shared, multi-lingual dictionaries for use with hunspell. This feature uses a single set of common dictionaries regardless of the application, which gives consistent suggestions for misspelled words and uses less diskspace by eliminating duplicate dictionaries.

Details on this effort are here:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/FeatureDictionary

10.9. Compiz

Fedora 9 ships with Compiz 0.7.2, which improves multi-display support, adds KDE4 support, adds a configurable middle and right-click button, and mouse wheel actions for GTK Window Decorator. Compiz 0.7.2 adds many improvements and bug fixes.

For further details, refer to the Compiz 0.7.2 release announcement:

http://lists.compiz-fusion.org/pipermail/community/2008-March/000168.html

10.10. vmmouse Driver

Due to a bug in the shipping xorg-x11-drv-vmmouse driver, the mouse position may not be correctly positioned on a virtual machine guest's display. As a workaround until an update, add Option NoAutoAddDevices to the ServerFlags section of /etc/X11/xorg.conf in the guest machine. Create the section if necessary:

Section "ServerFlags"
	Option      "NoAutoAddDevices"
EndSection

11. File Systems

[Tip] Catatan Rilis Mutakhir di Web

Catatan rilis ini mungkin sudah dimutakhirkan. Untuk melihat versi terakhir catatan rilis untuk Fedora, kunjungi:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

Fedora 9 provides basic support for encrypted swap partitions and non-root file systems. To use it, add entries to /etc/crypttab and reference the created devices in /etc/fstab.

New in Fedora 9, the installer Anaconda has support for creating encrypted file systems during installation. For more information on that, refer to the Fedora Installation Guide.

Installing to encrypted volumes, including the root file system, is now supported. There is no configuration tool for adding or removing keys from volumes at a later time, or otherwise doing modification of the encryption. Refer to this feature page for more information:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/FeatureEncryptedFilesystems

For full instructions on using encrypted file systems, refer to the Fedora Encryption and Privacy Guide.

11.1. Ext4 Pratilik

The new ext4 file system is available in Fedora 9 as a nearly feature complete preview. While an ext3 file system can be mounted as ext4, an ext3 to ext4 conversion tool is planned that converts existing ext3 on-disk format to ext4.

Fedora 9 may be installed onto an ext4 file system by adding the ext4 option to the installer boot parameters and selecting custom partitioning.

[Catatan] e2fsprogs userspace tools

The e2fsprogs userspace tools shipping with Fedora 9 are not yet fully ext4-capable. In particular, fsck ability is limited.

Untuk informasi lebih mengenai fitur ini:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FedoraExt4

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/Ext4

12. Server Web

[Tip] Catatan Rilis Mutakhir di Web

Catatan rilis ini mungkin sudah dimutakhirkan. Untuk melihat versi terakhir catatan rilis untuk Fedora, kunjungi:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

12.1. PostgreSQL DBD Driver

Pemakai modul mod_dbd harus ingat bahwa penggerak DBD apr-util untuk PostgreSQL sekarang didistribusikan sebagai modul 'dynamically-loaded' terpisah. Modul penggerak sekarang dimasukkan ke dalam paket apr-util-pgsql package. Penggerak MySQL sekarang juga tersedia, di dalam paket apr-util-mysql.

12.2. Aplikasi TurboGears

SQLAlchemy telah dimutakhirkan ke 0.4.x. Aplikasi TurboGears yang dibangun menggunakan SQLAlchemy untuk layer databasenya perlu memutakhirkan skrip pemulai. Instead of:

import pkg_resources
pkg_resources.require('TurboGears')

script pemulai perlu memiliki:

__requires__ = 'TurboGears[future]'
import pkg_resources

12.3. Drupal

Drupal telah dimutakhirkan dari seri 5.x ke seri 6.2. Untuk lebih rinci, lihat di:

http://drupal.org/drupal-6.2

Ingat untuk masuk ke situs anda sebagai user admin, dan non-aktifkan semua modul pihak ketiga sebelum memperbarui paket ini. Setelah memperbarui paket ini:

  1. Salin /etc/drupal/default/settings.php.rpmsave ke /etc/drupal/default/settings.php, dan ulangi untuk setiap berkas settings.php.

  2. Kunjungi http://host/drupal/update.php untuk menjalankan skrip pemutakhiran.

13. Server Mail

[Tip] Catatan Rilis Mutakhir di Web

Catatan rilis ini mungkin sudah dimutakhirkan. Untuk melihat versi terakhir catatan rilis untuk Fedora, kunjungi:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

Bagian ini adalah mengenai server surat elektronis atau agen pengiriman surat (MTA).

13.1. Sendmail

By default, the Sendmail mail transport agent (MTA) does not accept network connections from any host other than the local computer. To configure Sendmail as a server for other clients:

  1. Edit /etc/mail/sendmail.mc and either change the DAEMON_OPTIONS line to also listen on network devices, or comment out this option entirely using the dnl comment delimiter.

  2. Pasang paket sendmail-cf:

    yum install sendmail-cf
    
  3. Regenerasi /etc/mail/sendmail.cf:

    make -C /etc/mail
    

14. Development

[Tip] Catatan Rilis Mutakhir di Web

Catatan rilis ini mungkin sudah dimutakhirkan. Untuk melihat versi terakhir catatan rilis untuk Fedora, kunjungi:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

This section covers various development tools and features.

14.1. Tools

14.1.1. GCC Compiler Collection

This release of Fedora has been built with GCC 4.3.0, which is included with the distribution.

For more information on GCC 4.3, refer to:

http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.3/

14.1.1.1. Pembuatan Kode

Starting with gcc-4.1.2-25 and glibc-2.6.90-14 , the -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 option protects not only C code, but also C++. There have been several security issues already which would not have been exploitable if this checking was in place earlier. Refer to this announcement:

https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-devel-announce/2007-September/msg00015.html untuk rincian lebih lanjut.

14.1.2. Eclipse

This release of Fedora includes Fedora Eclipse, based on the Eclipse SDK version 3.3.2. You can read the "New and Noteworthy" page for the 3.3.x series of releases can be accessed at:

http://download.eclipse.org/eclipse/downloads/drops/R-3.3-2007-06251500/whatsnew/eclipse-news.html

Release notes specific to 3.3.2 are available at:

http://www.eclipse.org/eclipse/development/readme_eclipse_3.3.2.html

The Eclipse SDK is known variously as "the Eclipse Platform," "the Eclipse IDE," and "Eclipse." The Eclipse SDK is the foundation for the combined release of twenty-one Eclipse projects under the Callisto combined release umbrella:

http://www.eclipse.org/europa

A few of these Europa projects are included in Fedora:

Other Eclipse projects available in Fedora include:

Assistance in getting more projects packaged and tested with GCJ is always welcome. Contact the interested parties through fedora-devel-java-list and/or #fedora-java on freenode:

http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/fedora-devel-java-list/

Fedora also includes plugins and features that are particularly useful to FLOSS hackers, ChangeLog editing with eclipse-changelog , and Bugzilla interaction with eclipse-mylyn-bugzilla . Our CDT package, eclipse-cdt , includes a snapshot release of work to integrate with the GNU Autotools.

The latest information regarding these projects can be found at the Fedora Eclipse Project page:

http://sourceware.org/eclipse/

14.1.2.1. Fitur/Plugin non paket

Fedora Eclipse allows non-root users to make use of the Update Manager functionality for installing non-packaged plugins and features. Such plugins are installed in the user's home directory under the .eclipse directory. Please note, however, that these plugins do not have associated GCJ-compiled bits and may therefore run slower than expected.

14.1.2.2. Java Runtime Environments Alternatif

The Fedora free JREs do not satisfy every user, so Fedora does allow the installation of alternative JREs. A caveat exists, however, for installing proprietary JREs on 64-bit machines.

The 64-bit JNI libraries shipped by default on x86_64 systems in Fedora do not run on 32-bit JREs. In other words, do not try to run Fedora's x86_64 Eclipse packages on Sun's 32-bit JRE. They fail in confusing ways. Either switch to a 64-bit proprietary JRE, or install the 32-bit version of the packages, if available. To install a 32-bit version, use the following command:

yum install <package_name>.i386 

Likewise, the 32-bit JNI libraries shipped by default on ppc64 systems do not run with a 64-bit JRE. To install the 64-bit version, use the following command:

yum install <package_name>.ppc64 

15. Keamanan

[Tip] Catatan Rilis Mutakhir di Web

Catatan rilis ini mungkin sudah dimutakhirkan. Untuk melihat versi terakhir catatan rilis untuk Fedora, kunjungi:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

Bagian berikut ini menampilkan beragam masalah keamanan dari Fedora.

15.1. Perbaikan Keamanan

Fedora terus memperbaiki banyak fitur keamanan proaktif.

15.2. Dukungan untuk password SHA-256 dan SHA-512

Paket glibc dalam Fedora 8 memiliki dukungan untuk password menggunakan hashing SHA-256 dan SHA-512. Sebelumnya, yang tersedia hanya DES dan MD5. Perangkat ini telah dikembangkan dalam Fedora 9. Hashing Password menggunakan SHA-256 dan SHA-512 sekarang telah didukung.

Untuk berganti ke SHA-256 atau SHA-512 pada sistem yang telah terpasang, gunakan perintah authconfig --passalgo=sha256 --update atau authconfig --passalgo=sha512 --update. Alternatifnya, gunakan peralatan GUI authconfig-gtk untuk konfigurasi metode hashing. Akun pengguna yang sudah ada tidak akan terpengaruh sampai mereka mengganti password.

SHA-512 digunakan secara default pada sistem yang baru dipasang. Algoritma lain dapat digunakan hanya untuk pemasangan kickstart, dengan menggunakan pilihan --passalgo atau --enablemd5 untuk perintah kickstart auth. Jika instalasi Anda tidak menggunakan kickstart, gunakan perintah authconfig sebagaimana digambarkan di atas, dan kemudian mengganti password user root, dan password untuk pemakai lainyang dibuat setelah pemasangan.

Pilihan baru sekarang muncul dalam paket - paket libuser , pam , dan shadow-utils untuk mendukung algoritma hashing password ini. Menjalankan perintah authconfig melakukan konfigurasi semuanya secara otomatis, jadi tidak perlu mengubah secara otomatis.

  • Nilai baru untuk pilihan crypt_style, dan pilihan - pilihan baru hash_rounds_min, dan hash_rounds_max, sekarang didukung dalam [defaults] bagian dari /etc/libuser.conf. Lihat ke halaman man libuser.conf(5) untuk rinciannya.

  • Pilihan baru, sha256, sha512, dan rounds, sekarang didukung dengan modul PAM pam_unix. Lihat halaman man pam_unix(8) untuk rinciannya.

  • Pilihan baru, ENCRYPT_METHOD, SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS, dan SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS, sekarang didukung dalam /etc/login.defs. Lihat pada halaman man login.defs(5) untuk rinciannya. Pilihan yang berkaitanditambahkan ke perintah chpasswd(8) dan perintah newusers(8).

15.3. FORTIFY_SOURCE dikembangkan untuk mencakup fungsi lebih banyak

Proteksi FORTIFY_SOURCE sekarang mencakup asprintf, dprintf, vasprintf, vdprintf, obstack_printf dan obstack_vprintf. Pengembangan ini khususnya berguna untuk aplikasi yang menggunakan paket pustaka glib2, karena beberapa fungsi menggunakan vasprintf.

15.4. SELinux Enhancements

Peran yang berbeda sekarang tersedie, untuk memungkinkan akses kontrol yang lebih halus:

  • guest_t tidak diijinkan untuk menjalankan binari setuid, membuat koneksi jaringan, atau mempergunakan GUI.

  • xguest_t tidak mengijinkan akses kecuali untuk HTTP melalui peramban web, dan tanpa binari setuid.

  • user_t cocok untuk perngguna kantoran: mencegah menjadi root melalui aplikasi setuid.

  • staff_t sama dengan user_t, bedanya adalah akses root melalui sudo diijinkan.

  • unconfined_t menyediakan akses penuh, sama saja dengan tidak mempergunakan SELinux.

Demikian juga, plug-ins browser yang dibungkus dengan nspluginwrapper, yang merupakan default, sekarang berjalan terbatas.

15.5. Perilaku Default Firewall

Dalam Fedora 9, perilaku default firewall telah diubah. Tidak ada port yang dibuka, kecuali untuk SSH (22), yang dibuka oleh aplikasi Anaconda.

15.6. Informasi Umum

Untuk pengenalan umum untuk fitur keamanan proaktif dalam Fedora, status sekarang, dan kebijakan dapat dilihat pada http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Security.

15.7. SELinux

Halaman proyek SELinux memiliki tips troubleshooting, penjelasan, dan pranala ke dokumentasi dan referensi.Beberapa pranala yang berguna termasuk yang berikut:

15.8. IPA Bebas

IPA Bebas adalah pengelolaan terpusat identitas, kebijakan, dan instalasi audit.

Pemasang server IPA menggunakan asumsi sistem yang relatif bersih, memasang dan mengeset beberapa layanan:

  • Sebuah Instan Fedora Directory Server

  • KDC

  • Apache

  • ntpd

  • TurboGears

Beberapa upaya telah dilakukan untuk memungkinkan membalikkan perubahan yang telah dilakukan tapi tidak semuanya dijamin. Demikian juga perangkat ipa-client-install menulis ulang berkas konfigurasi PAM (/etc/pam.conf) dan konfigurasi Kerberos (/etc/krb5.conf).

IPA tidak mendukung instansi lain dari Fedora Directory Server dalam mesin yang sama saat pemasangan, bahkan menyimak pada port yang berbeda. Untuk memasang IPA, instansi yang lain harus dibuang. IPA sendiri dapat menangani pembuangan ini.

Sekarang belum ada mekanisme untuk migrasi pengguna yang telah ada ke dalam server IPA.

Server melakukan konfigurasi sendiri menjadi klien dari dirinya sendiri. Jika Directory Server atau KDC gagal memulai saat boot, harap boot ke dalam modus pengguna tunggal untuk memperbaiki isu ini.

Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, silakan mengacu ke halaman fitur:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/freeIPA

16. Java

[Tip] Catatan Rilis Mutakhir di Web

Catatan rilis ini mungkin sudah dimutakhirkan. Untuk melihat versi terakhir catatan rilis untuk Fedora, kunjungi:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

16.1. OpenJDK

Fedora 9 includes OpenJDK 6, an Free Software implementation of the Java Platform, Standard Edition. OpenJDK 6 is not yet Java compatible; work is underway to certify it.

Fedora will track Sun's stable OpenJDK 6 branch.

16.2. OpenJDK Menggantikan IcedTea

The OpenJDK 6 packages, java-1.6.0-openjdk*, replace their IcedTea counterparts, java-1.7.0-icedtea*. The Fedora 8 IcedTea packages track the unstable OpenJDK 7 branch, whereas the java-1.6.0-openjdk* packages track the stable OpenJDK 6 branch. The decision to have OpenJDK 6 replace IcedTea was made for several reasons:

  • Sun has replaced most of the encumbrances for which IcedTea was providing replacements. For the rest of the encumbrances, replacements have been merged from the IcedTea project.

  • IcedTea's mandate is to merge as much as possible with OpenJDK, so the differences between IcedTea and OpenJDK should diminish over time.

  • OpenJDK 6 is a stable branch, whereas OpenJDK 7 is unstable, and is not expected to ship a stable release until 2009.

  • Sun has licensed the OpenJDK trademark for use in Fedora.

  • Shipping both OpenJDK 6 and IcedTea would have been confusing, and would have added size to the distribution.

IcedTea continues to provide autotools support ( autoconf , automake , libtool , and so on), a portable interpreter for PowerPC and 64-bit PowerPC architectures, plugin support, Web Start support, and patches to integrate OpenJDK into Fedora. The IcedTea sources are included in the java-1.6.0-openjdk SRPM.

If IcedTea is already installed, the package changeover does not happen automatically. The packages related to IcedTea based on OpenJDK 7 must first be erased, then the new OpenJDK 6 packages installed.

su -c "yum erase java-1.7.0-icedtea{,-plugin}"
su -c "yum install java-1.6.0-openjdk{,-plugin}"

16.3. Penanganan Applet Java

Upstream OpenJDK does not provide a plugin. The Fedora OpenJDK packages include an adaptation of gcjwebplugin, that runs untrusted applets safely in a Web browser. The plugin is packaged as java-1.6.0-openjdk-plugin.

  • The gcjwebplugin adaptation has no support for the bytecode-to-JavaScript bridge (LiveConnect). Applets that rely on this bridge will not work. Experimental LiveConnect support exists in the IcedTea repository, but is not ready for deployment in Fedora.

  • The gcjwebplugin adaptation does not support signed applets. Signed applets will run in untrusted mode. Experimental support for signed applets is present in the IcedTea repository, but it is not ready for deployment in Fedora.

  • The gcjwebplugin security policy may be too restrictive. To enable restricted applets, run the firefox -g command in a terminal window to see what is being restricted, and then grant the restricted permission in the /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0/jre/lib/security/java.policy file.

16.4. Penanganan Aplikasi Web Start

Upstream OpenJDK does not provide Web Start support. Experimental Web Start support via NetX is present in the IcedTea repository, but is not ready for deployment in Fedora.

16.5. Fedora dan JPackage

Fedora includes many packages derived from the JPackage Project. Some of these packages are modified in Fedora to remove proprietary software dependencies, and to make use of GCJ's ahead-of-time compilation feature. Use the Fedora repositories to update these packages, or use the JPackage repository for packages not provided by Fedora. Refer to the JPackage website for more information about the project, and the software it provides.

An incompatibility between Fedora and the JPackage jpackage-utils , that prevented installing JPackage's jpackage-utils on Fedora, is resolved in this release.

[Awas] Mixing Packages from Fedora and JPackage

Research package compatibility before you install software from both the Fedora and JPackage repositories on the same system. Incompatible packages may cause complex issues.

17. Layanan Sistem

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Catatan rilis ini mungkin sudah dimutakhirkan. Untuk melihat versi terakhir catatan rilis untuk Fedora, kunjungi:

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17.1. Upstart

Fedora 9 features the Upstart initialization system. All System V init scripts should run fine in compatibility mode. However, users who have made customizations to their /etc/inittab file will need to port those modifications to upstart. For information on how upstart works, see the init(8) and initctl(8) man pages. For information on writing upstart scripts, see the events(5) man page, and also the Upstart Getting Started Guide:

http://upstart.ubuntu.com/getting-started.html

17.2. NetworkManager

Fedora 9 features NetworkManager. NetworkManager 0.7 provides improved mobile broadband support, including GSM and CDMA devices, and now supports multiple devices, ad-hoc networking for sharing connections, and the use of system-wide network configuration. It is now enabled by default on all installations. When using NetworkManager, be aware of the following:

  • NetworkManager does not currently support all virtual device types. Users who use bridging, bonding, or VLANs may need to switch to the old network service after configuration of those interfaces.

  • NetworkManager starts the network asynchronously. Users who have applications that require the network to be fully initialized during boot should set the NETWORKWAIT variable in /etc/sysconfig/network. Please file bugs about cases where this is necessary, so we can fix the applications in question.

18. Multimedia

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Fedora includes applications for assorted multimedia functions, including playback, recording, and editing. Additional packages are available through the Fedora Package Collection software repository. For additional information about multimedia in Fedora, refer to the Multimedia section of the Fedora Project website at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Multimedia.

18.1. Pemain Multimedia

The default installation of Fedora includes Rhythmbox and Totem for media playback. The Fedora repositories include many other popular programs such as the XMMS player and KDE's amaroK. Both GNOME and KDE have a selection of players that can be used with a variety of formats. Third parties may offer additional programs to handle other formats.

Totem, the default movie player for GNOME, now has the ability to switch playback back-ends without recompilation or switching packages. To install the xine back-end, run the following command as root:

yum install totem-xine

To run Totem with the xine back-end once, run the following command as root:

totem-backend -b xine totem

To change the default back-end to xine for the entire system, run the following command as root:

totem-backend -b xine

While using the xine back-end, it is possible to temporarily use the GStreamer back-end. To use the GStreamer back-end, run the following command as root:

totem-backend -b gstreamer

18.2. Format Ogg dan Xiph.Org Foundation

Fedora includes complete support for the Ogg media container format and the Vorbis audio, Theora video, Speex audio and FLAC lossless audio formats. These freely-distributable formats are not encumbered by patent or license restrictions. They provide powerful and flexible alternatives to more popular, restricted formats. The Fedora Project encourages the use of open source formats in place of restricted ones. For more information on these formats and how to use them, refer to the Xiph.Org Foundation's web site at http://www.xiph.org/.

18.3. MP3, DVD, dan Format Multimedia lainnya yang tidak dimasukkan

Fedora cannot include support for MP3 or DVD video playback or recording. The MP3 formats are patented, and the patent holders have not provided the necessary licenses. DVD video formats are patented and equipped with an encryption scheme. The patent holders have not provided the necessary licenses, and the code needed to decrypt CSS-encrypted discs may violate the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, a copyright law of the United States. Fedora also excludes other multimedia software due to patent, copyright, or license restrictions, including Adobe's Flash Player and Real Media's Real Player. For more on this subject, please refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/ForbiddenItems.

While other MP3 options may be available for Fedora, Fluendo now offers an MP3 plugin for GStreamer that has the related patents licensed for end users. This plugin enables MP3 support in applications that use the GStreamer framework as a backend. We cannot distribute this plugin in Fedora for licensing reasons, but it offers a new solution for an old problem. For more information, refer to the Installing Fluendo MP3 Plug-in or Installing MP3 Plug-in with Codeina pages.

18.4. Pembakaran dan Pembuatan CD dan DVD

Fedora include a variety of tools for easily mastering and burning CDs and DVDs. GNOME users can burn directly from the Nautilus file manager. The Fedora software repositories also contain additional software, such as brasero , gnomebaker , or k3b , for these tasks. Console tools include wodim, readom, genisoimage, and other popular applications.

18.5. Screencasts

You can use Fedora to create and play back screencasts, which are recorded desktop sessions, using open technologies. Fedora includes istanbul , which creates screencasts using the Theora video format, and 'byzanz', which creates screencasts as animated GIF files. You can play back these videos using one of several players included in Fedora. This is the preferred way to submit screencasts to the Fedora Project for either developers or end-users. For more comprehensive instructions, refer to the ScreenCasting page.

18.6. Pengembangan Dukungan melalui Plugins

Most of the media players in Fedora support the use of plugins to add support for additional media formats and sound output systems. Some use powerful backends like the gstreamer package to handle media format support and sound output. Fedora offers plugin packages for these backends and for individual applications, and third parties may offer additional plugins to add even greater capabilities.

19. Permainan dan Hiburan

[Tip] Catatan Rilis Mutakhir di Web

Catatan rilis ini mungkin sudah dimutakhirkan. Untuk melihat versi terakhir catatan rilis untuk Fedora, kunjungi:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

Fedora provides a selection of games that cover a variety of genres. Users can install a small package of games for GNOME (called gnome-games ) and KDE ( kdegames ). There are also many additional games that span every major genre available in the repositories.

The Fedora Project website features a section dedicated to games that details many of the available games, including overviews and installation instructions. For more information, refer to:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Games

For a list of other games that are available for installation, select ApplicationsAdd / Remove Software, or via the command line:

yum groupinfo "Games and Entertainment" 

For help using yum to install the assorted game packages, refer to the guide available at

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/yum/

20. Virtualisasi

[Tip] Catatan Rilis Mutakhir di Web

Catatan rilis ini mungkin sudah dimutakhirkan. Untuk melihat versi terakhir catatan rilis untuk Fedora, kunjungi:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

Virtualisasi dalam Fedora 9 memasukkan banyak perubahan besar, dan fitur - fitur baru, yang melanjutkan dukungan untuk Xen dan platform KVM.

20.1. Pengembangan Integrasi Kernel

Kernel Xen sekarang berbasis pada implementasi operasi paravirtual dari kernel upstream. Sebelumnya, kernel Xen dibuat dengan cara memporting Xen bits dari kernel 2.6.18 ke kernel Fedora saat ini. Tugas ini sangat sulit dan membutuhkan kerja yang intensif, dan hasilnya kernel Xen yang dirilis selalu tertinggal dibandingkan kernel biasa. Dengan dimasukkannya operasi paravirtual saat ini membuat proses ini menjadi tidak perlu. Hingga operasi paravirtual digabungkan ke kernel upstream, Xen tidak memerlukan lagi kernel terpisah.

Namun demikian, kernel Xen sekarang tidak ada dukungan Dom0. Host Xen/Dom0 yang telah ada harus terus menggunakan Fedora 8. Dukungan untuk Xen/Dom0 akan ditambahkan kembali dalam Fedora 10.

Fully virtualized Linux guests now have 3 possible installation methods:

  • Boot PXE dari jaringan.

  • Penggerak CDROM lokal / citra ISO.

  • Install menggunakan jaringan dari distribusi FTP/HTTP/NFS.

Yang terakhir memungkinkan pemasangan secara otomatis menggunakan berkas kickstart. Ini menyediakan pemisah antara HVM Xen dan tamu KVM dalam kaitan dengan metode pemasangan.

Untuk informasi lebih silakan lihat: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/XenFullvirtKernelBoot.

20.2. Pengelolaan Penyimpanan Lebih Baik

Sebelumnya, Fedora mengenalkan kemampuan untuk mengelola domain tamu yang telah ada menggunakan paket libvirt. Dulu tidak mungkin membuat tamu baru karenakekurangan kemampuan penyimpanan. Dalam Fedora 9, pengelolaan penyimpanan yang baru dapat membuat dan menghapus volum penyimpanan dari sebuah remote host menggunakan paket libvirt .

20.3. Integrasi PolicyKit

Sebelumnya, aplikasi virt-manager berjalan sebagai root saat mengatur 'hypervisor' lokal, dan menggunakan consolehelper untuk otentikasi dari sesi desktop. Menjalankan aplikasi GTK sebagai root adalah praktek yang salah. Integrasi PolicyKit sekarang memungkinkan menjalankan virt-manager sebagai pemakai biasa.

20.4. Otentikasi Jarak Jauh Dikembangkan

Sebelumnya, Fedora mengenalkan dukungan untuk pengaturan jarak jauh secara aman menggunakan TLS/SSL, dan sertifikat x509. Fedora 9 mengembangkan kemampuan pengaturan jarak jauh dengan menambah dukungan untuk otentikasi menggunakan basis data password, pengatur domain Kerberos, atau sistem otentikasi menggunakan PAM. Fitur ini berlaku untuk semua perangkat yang menggunakan libvirt.

20.5. Pengembangan Terakhir

Fedora juga memasukkan perbaikan berikut dalam virtualisasi:

  • perangkat baru P2V, dikemas sebagai Live CD, untuk mengonversi pemasangan 'bare-metal' ke 'virtual guest'

  • perangkat baru, xenner, untuk menjalankan kernel Xen-paravirtual di atas KVM

  • penyimpan dan jaringan 'paravirtual-drivers' untuk tamu KVM

  • dukungan penuh untuk pemantauan jaringan dan statistik blok QEMU dan KVM dalam libvirt dan virt-top, mensejajarkan diri dengan pemantauan statistik yang dulu hanya tersedia untuk tamu Xen

21. X Window System (Grafis)

[Tip] Catatan Rilis Mutakhir di Web

Catatan rilis ini mungkin sudah dimutakhirkan. Untuk melihat versi terakhir catatan rilis untuk Fedora, kunjungi:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

Bagian ini berisi informasi yang berkaitan dengan implementasi sistem X Windows, X.Org yang tersedia dalam Fedora.

21.1. Lebih cepat dalam memulai dan mengakhiri X

Fedora 9 mempunyai beberapa perubahan yang dirancang untuk membuat X lebih cepat dalam memulai dan menutup dan juga membuat beberapa pengembangan. Rincian mengenai proyek ini dapat ditemukan dalam halaman fitur ini:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/OneSecondX.

21.2. Perubahan Konfigurasi X

X.Org 1.4.99 X server telah diubah untuk secara otomatis mengetahui dan mengkonfigurasi sebagian besar perangkat keras, menghilangkan perlunya mengubah berkas /etc/X11/xorg.conf. Konfigurasi perangkat keras yang dikonfigurasi secara default dalam berkas konfigurasi xorg.conf ditulis oleh Anaconda adalah:

  • driver grafis, dan

  • peta papan ketik

Semua perangkat keras lain, seperti monitor (LCD dan CRT), mouse USB, dan touchpad, seharusnya sudah dikenali dan otomatis dikonfigurasi.

X server menguji monitor yang terpasang untuk jangka resolusi, dan mencoba memilih resolusi tertinggi yang tersedia dengan perbandingan aspek yang benag untuk tampilan tersebut. Set resolusi yang diinginkan dalam SystemPreferencesScreen Resolution, dan resolusi untuk sistem dalam SystemAdministrationDisplay.

Jika berkas konfigurasi /etc/X11/xorg.conf tidak ada, X secara otomatis akan mendeteksi penggerak ('driver') yang sesuai, dan mengambil tatanan papan kunci US 105-tombol.

Pada situasi tertentu, penggerak ('driver') evdev digunakan, bahkan ketika penggerak kbd disebutkan dalam berkas /etc/X11/xorg.conf. Membuang penggerak evdev akan menghasilkan kesalahan dan peringatan seperti berikut:

(WW) Warning, couldn't open module evdev
(II) UnloadModule: "evdev"
(EE) Failed to load module "evdev" (module does not exist, 0)
(EE) No input driver matching `evdev'
[config/hal] NewInputDeviceRequest failed
(II) LoadModule: "evdev"

Dalam Fedora 9, setting XKB dibaca dari berkas /etc/sysconfig/keyboard, yang memberikan pemakai tatanan yang benar. Pilihan KEYTABLE, diset dalam berkas /etc/sysconfig/keyboard, juga menset tatanan untuk X. Variabel XKB_VARIANT dan XKB_OPTIONS dapat dikonfigurasi untuk kustomisasi XKB.

21.3. Driver Video Pihak Ketiga

Lihat pada halaman Penggerak Xorg Pihak Ketiga untuk panduan rinci pada penggerak video pihak ketiga.

22. Database Server

[Tip] Catatan Rilis Mutakhir di Web

Catatan rilis ini mungkin sudah dimutakhirkan. Untuk melihat versi terakhir catatan rilis untuk Fedora, kunjungi:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

22.1. MySQL

Fedora now provides MySQL 5.0.51.a. For a list of the enhancements provided by this version, refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/mysql-nutshell.html.

For more information on upgrading databases from previous releases of MySQL, refer to the MySQL website at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/upgrade.html.

22.1.1. DBD Driver

The MySQL DBD driver has been dual-licensed and the related licensing issues have been resolved (https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=222237). The resulting apr-util-mysql package is now included in the Fedora software repositories.

22.2. PostgreSQL

This release of Fedora includes PostgreSQL 8.3.0. For more information on this new version, refer to http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.3/static/release-8-3.html.

[Penting] Upgrade Database

Before upgrading an existing Fedora system with a PostgreSQL database, check and then follow, if necessary, the procedure described at http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.3/interactive/install-upgrading.html. Otherwise the data may be not accessible by the new version of PostgreSQL.

23. Internationalisasi (i18n)

[Tip] Catatan Rilis Mutakhir di Web

Catatan rilis ini mungkin sudah dimutakhirkan. Untuk melihat versi terakhir catatan rilis untuk Fedora, kunjungi:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

Bagian ini membicarakan dukungan bahasa dalam Fedora.

23.1. Cakupan Bahasa

Fedora menampilkan beragam perangkat lunak yang diterjemahkan ke banyak bahasa. Untuk daftar bahasa silakan lihat di statistik terjemahan untuk Anaconda, yang merupakan satu dari aplikasi inti dalam Fedora.

23.1.1. Pemasangan Dukungan Bahasa

Untuk memasang dukungan bahasa tambahak dari kelompok Languages, gunakan ApplicationsAdd/Remove Software, atau jalankan perintah berikut:

su -c "yum groupinstall bahasa-support"

In the command above, language is one of assamese, bengali, chinese, gujarati, hindi, japanese, kannada, korean, malayalam, marathi, oriya, punjabi, sinhala, tamil, telegu, thai, and so on.

SCIM users upgrading from earlier releases of Fedora are strongly urged to install scim-bridge-gtk . This application works well with third-party C++ applications linked against older versions of libstdc++ .

Untuk menambahkan dukungan SCIM untuk masukan dalam bahasa tertentu, pasang paket scim-lang-LANG , di mana LANG merupakan salah satu dari assamese, bengali, chinese, dhivehi, farsi, gujarati, hindi, japanese, kannada, korean, latin, malayalam, marathi, oriya, punjabi, sinhalese, tamil, telugu, thai, or tibetan.

23.1.2. Transifex

Transifex is Fedora's online tool to facilitate contributing translations to projects hosted on remote and disparate version control systems. Many of the core packages use Transifex to receive translations from numerous contributors.

Through a combination of new Web tools, community growth, and better processes, translators can contribute directly to any upstream project through one translator-oriented Web interface. Developers of projects with no existing translation community can easily reach out to Fedora's established community for translations. In turn, translators can reach out to numerous projects related to Fedora to easily contribute translations.

23.2. Aksara

Fonts for all available languages are installed by default on the desktop to give good default language coverage. dejavu-fonts replaces dejavu-lgc-fonts as the default system font.

23.2.1. Aksara Cina

  • Paket wqy-zenkai-fonts telah ditambahkan.

23.2.2. Aksara Indic

  • Paket samyak-fonts telah ditambahkan.

  • Paket sarai-fonts telah ditambahkan.

  • The smc-fonts package has been added for Malayalam.

23.2.3. Aksara Jepang

  • VLGothic-fonts is the new default font for Japanese in Fedora 9. It now has a subpackage VLGothic-fonts-proportional for its proportional version.

23.2.4. Aksara Nepal

  • Paket madan-fonts telah ditambahkan.

23.2.5. Aksara Thai

  • The thaifonts-scalable package has been added, making Thai TrueType fonts available in Fedora.

23.3. Metode Input

It is now possible to start and stop the of Input Methods in GTK applications during runtime thanks to the new imsettings framework. The GTK_IM_MODULE environment variable is no longer needed by default but can still be used to override the imsettings.

23.3.1. im-chooser

With the new imsettings framework, im-chooser can now start and stop Input Method usage dynamically on the GNOME Desktop.

Metode masukan hanya akan berjalan secara default pada desktop yang menjalankan locale Asia. Daftar yang sekarang adalah: as, bn, gu, hi, ja, kn, ko, ml, mr, ne, or, pa, si, ta, te, th, ur, vi, zh. Gunakan im-chooser lewat SystemPreferencesPersonalInput Method untuk mengaktifkan dan mematikan penggunaan metode masukan pada desktop Anda.

23.3.2. SCIM hotkeys

SCIM now only defines trigger hotkeys for Asian languages as in the following table:

Bahasa

Trigger hotkeys

Cina

Ctrl-Spasi

Indic

Ctrl-Spasi

Jepang

Zenkaku_Hankaku, Alt-`, atau Ctrl-Space

Korea

Shift-Space, Hangul, atau Ctrl-Space

Tabel 1. Hotkeys


23.3.3. scim-python

Rilis ini menambahkan paket scim-python, yang mengijinkan penulisan Input Method Engine untuk SCIM di python.

23.3.4. scim-python-chinese

The scim-python package also includes a subpackage scim-python-pinyin that provides PinYin and ShuangPin Input Methods for improved input of Simplified Chinese. The PinYin Input Method replaces scim-pinyin as the default input method for Simplified Chinese. The scim-python-xingma package provides a number of tables for other Chinese input methods.

24. Kompatibilitas Mundur

[Tip] Catatan Rilis Mutakhir di Web

Catatan rilis ini mungkin sudah dimutakhirkan. Untuk melihat versi terakhir catatan rilis untuk Fedora, kunjungi:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

Fedora provides legacy system libraries for compatibility with older software. This software is part of the Legacy Software Development group, which is not installed by default. Users who require this functionality may select this group either during installation or after the installation process is complete. To install the package group on a Fedora system, use ApplicationsAdd/Remove Software or enter the following command in a terminal window:

su -c "yum groupinstall 'Legacy Software Development'"

Enter the password for the root account when prompted.

24.1. Kompatibilitas Pengompilasi

The compat-gcc-34 package has been included for compatibility reasons:

https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-devel-list/2006-August/msg00409.html

24.2. Pustaka / Platform Pengembangan KDE 3

Fedora now features KDE 4.0, and no longer offers KDE 3 as a full desktop environment. Fedora does provide the following KDE 3.5 library packages to run and build the many existing KDE 3 applications:

  • qt3 , qt3-devel (dan paket qt3-* lainnya): Qt 3.3.8b

  • kdelibs3 , kdelibs3-devel : KDE 3 libraries

  • kdebase3 , kdebase3-devel : KDE 3 core files required by some applications

In addition, Fedora offers a kdegames3 package that includes games not ported to KDE 4 yet, and a KDE 3 version of libkdegames required by some third-party KDE 3 games.

Moreover, the KDE 4 kdebase-runtime package, which provides khelpcenter , also sets up khelpcenter as a service for KDE 3 applications, so help in KDE 3 applications works. The KDE 3 version of khelpcenter is no longer provided, and the KDE 4 version is used instead.

Paket ini dirancang untuk:

  • comply with the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), and

  • be completely safe to install in parallel with KDE 4, including the -devel packages.

In order to achieve this goal, Fedora KDE SIG members have made two changes to the KDE 4 kdelibs-devel packages:

  • The library symlinks are installed to /usr/lib/kde4/devel or /usr/lib64/kde4/devel depending on system architecture.

  • The kconfig_compiler and makekdewidgets tools have been renamed kconfig_compiler4 and makekdewidgets4 , respectively.

These changes should be completely transparent to the vast majority of KDE 4 applications that use cmake to build, since FindKDE4Internal.cmake has been patched to match these changes. The KDE SIG made these changes to the KDE 4 kdelibs-devel rather than to kdelibs3-devel because KDE 4 stores these locations in a central place, whereas KDE 3 applications usually contain hardcoded copies of the library search paths and executable names.

Note that kdebase3 does not include the following:

  • A complete KDE 3 desktop (workspace) which could be used instead of KDE 4; in particular, KDE 3 versions of KWin, KDesktop, Kicker, KSplash and KControl are not included.

  • The KDE 3 versions of kdebase applications such as Konqueror and KWrite, which are redundant with the KDE 4 versions and would conflict with them.

  • The libkdecorations library required for KWin 3 window decorations, as those window decorations cannot be used in the KDE 4 version of KWin.

  • The libkickermain library required by some Kicker applets, as there is no Kicker in Fedora 9 and thus Kicker applets cannot be used.

[Perhatian] Developing against the legacy API is discouraged

As with any backwards-compatibility library, developing new software against the legacy API is discouraged.

25. Perubahan Paket

For a list of packages that were updated since the previous release, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Beats/PackageChanges/UpdatedPackages. You can also find a comparison of major packages between all Fedora versions at http://distrowatch.com/fedora.

26. Proyek Fedora

Tujuan dari Proyek Fedora adalah bekerja bersama komunitas Linux untuk membuat sebuah sistem operasi yang lengkap dan untuk beragam penggunaan secara ekslusif dari perangkat lunak dengan sumber terbuka. Proyek Fedora digerakkan oleh orang per orang yang memberikan kontribusi. Sebagai penguji, pembangun, penulis dokumentasi, atau penerjemah, Anda bisa melakukan perubahan. Lihat pada http://fedoraproject.org/join-fedora.html untuk rinciannya. Untuk informasi mengenai saluran komunikasi untuk pengguna Fedora dan kontributor lihat pada http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicate.

Proyek Fedora digerakkan oleh orang per orang yang memberikan kontribusi. Sebagai penguji, pembangun, penulis dokumentasi, atau penerjemah, Anda bisa melakukan perubahan. Lihat pada http://fedoraproject.org/join-fedora.html untuk rinciannya. Untuk informasi mengenai saluran komunikasi untuk pengguna Fedora dan kontributor lihat pada http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicate.

Sebagai pelengkap situs web, tersedia juga mailing list sebagai berikut:

Untuk berlangganan ke milis ini, kirim email dengan kata "subscribe" pada subyek ke <listname>-request, di mana <listname> adalah satu dari nama milis di atas. Alternatifnya, Anda dapat berlangganan ke milis Fedora menggunakan antarmuka web di http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/.

The Fedora Project also uses several IRC (Internet Relay Chat) channels. IRC is a real-time, text-based form of communication, similar to Instant Messaging. With it, you may have conversations with multiple people in an open channel, or chat with someone privately one-on-one. To talk with other Fedora Project participants via IRC, access the Freenode IRC network. Refer to the Freenode website at http://www.freenode.net/ for more information.

Fedora Project participants frequent the #fedora channel on the Freenode network, while Fedora Project developers may often be found on the #fedora-devel channel. Some of the larger projects may have their own channels as well. This information may be found on the webpage for the project, and at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicate.

Untuk ikutan chatting di #fedora channel, Anda perlu mendaftarkan nama panggilan, atau nick. Instruksi diberikan ketika Anda /join saluran tersebut.

[Catatan] Saluran IRC

Proyek Fedora dan Red Hat tidak memiliki kontrol atas kanal IRC Proyek Fedora atau konten di dalamnya.

27. Colophon

Istilahnya, sebuah colophon:

  • mengenali kontributor dan memberikan akuntabilitas, dan

  • menjelaskan peralatan dan metode produksi.

27.1. Kontributor

... dan banyak lagi penerjemah. Silakan lihat versi web yang termutakhir dari catatan rilis ini karena kami menambahkan penerjemah lainnya setelah rilis.

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

27.2. Metode Produksi

Beat writers produce the release notes directly on the Fedora Project Wiki. They collaborate with other subject matter experts during the test release phase of Fedora to explain important changes and enhancements. The editorial team ensures consistency and quality of the finished beats, and ports the Wiki material to DocBook XML in a revision control repository. At this point, the team of translators produces other language versions of the release notes, and then they become available to the general public as part of Fedora. The publication team also makes them, and subsequent errata, available via the Web.