Fedora 发行注记

Fedora Documentation Project

Version 8.92 (2008-03-17)

本文档依据 Open Publication License 许可发布。请参阅完整的法律条款 第 3 节 “Legal Notice”.

[提示] 互联网上有最新的发行注记

这些发行注记也许已被更新,请访问 http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ 来查看最新的 Fedora Core 发行注记。

修订历史
修订 8.92 2008-03-17 fdp

Release notes for F9 Preview Release


1. 欢迎使用 Fedora
2. 本次发布亮点
2.1. Fedora 之旅
2.2. Fedora 新增内容
2.2.1. 发布集(Spins)
2.2.2. Jigdo
2.2.3. 特性
2.3. 路线图
3. Legal Notice
4. 反馈
4.1. 提交关于 Fedora 软件包的反馈
4.2. 提交关于发行注记的反馈
5. 安装要点
5.1. Anaconda 的变化
5.2. 安装相关的问题
5.2.1. IDE Device Names
5.2.2. IDE RAID
5.2.3. 多 NIC 以及 PXE 安装
5.2.4. HP ProLiant DL360 及 Smart Array
5.2.5. Drivers Requiring Firmware
5.3. 升级相关的问题
5.3.1. SCSI 驱动分区限制
5.3.2. 磁盘分区必须有卷标
5.3.3. 更新还是全新安装
6. 体系相关内容
6.1. 64 位平台下(x86_64, ppc64) RPM 多体系支持
6.2. PPC 相关
6.2.1. PPC 硬件需求
6.2.2. 64位机上的4 KiB 页面文件
6.2.3. Apple 键盘
6.2.4. PPC 安装注记
6.2.5. PPC Specific Packages
6.3. x86 相关
6.3.1. x86 硬件需求
6.4. x86 相关
6.4.1. x86 硬件需求
7. Fedora Live 镜像
7.1. 可以获取的镜像类型
7.2. 使用信息
7.3. 文本模式安装
7.4. 直接安装
7.4.1. USB 启动
7.4.2. Live USB Persistence
7.4.3. 与Fedora常规安装方式的区别
8. 特定软件包
8.1. Perl
8.2. Yum 的变化
8.3. pam_mount
8.4. TeXLive
8.5. 工具包
9. Linux 内核
9.1. 版本
9.2. 更新日志
9.3. 内核配置
9.4. 为内核开发作准备
9.5. 报告错误
10. Fedora 桌面
10.1. GNOME
10.1.1. Gvfs
10.1.2. GNOME Display Manager
10.2. KDE
10.2.1. Workspace Changes
10.2.2. Package and Application Changes
10.3. 蓝牙
10.4. XULRunner
10.5. Web 浏览器
10.5.1. 启用 Flash 插件
10.6. Disabling PC Speaker
10.7. International Clock Applet
10.8. Dictionaries Consolidated
11. 文件系统
11.1. Ext4 Preview
12. 网络服务器
12.1. PostgreSQL DBD 驱动
12.2. TurboGears 应用程序
12.3. Drupal
13. 网络服务器
13.1. Sendmail
14. 开发工具
14.1. 工具
14.1.1. GCC 编译器集合
14.1.2. Eclipse
14.2. KDE 4 开发平台
15. 安全
15.1. 安全增强
15.2. 一般信息
15.3. SELinux
15.4. Free IPA
16. Java
16.1. OpenJDK
16.2. OpenJDK 代替 IcedTea
16.3. 运行 Java 小程序
16.4. 处理Web Start应用
16.5. Fedora 与 JPackage
17. System Services
17.1. Upstart
18. 多媒体
18.1. 多媒体播放器
18.2. Ogg 和 Xiph.Org 基金会的文件格式
18.3. MP3, DVD 和其他被排除的多媒体格式
18.4. CD 和 DVD 创建和烧录
18.5. 屏幕录像
18.6. 通过插件的扩展支持
19. 游戏和娱乐
20. 虚拟化
20.1. Kernel Integration Improvements
20.2. Improved Storage Management
20.3. PolicyKit Integration
20.4. Improved Remote Authentication
20.5. Other Improvements
21. X 窗口系统 (图形界面)
21.1. Faster X Start-up and Shutdown
21.2. X 配置的变动
21.3. Intel 驱动注意
21.4. 第三方显卡驱动
22. 数据库服务器
22.1. MySQL
22.1.1. DBD 驱动
22.2. PostgreSQL
23. 国际化(Internationalization,i18n)
23.1. 语言覆盖程度
23.1.1. 支持语言安装
23.1.2. Transifex
23.2. 字体
23.2.1. 中文字体
23.2.2. 印地语字体
23.2.3. 日文字体
23.2.4. 尼泊尔字体
23.2.5. 泰国字体
23.3. 输入法
23.3.1. im-chooser
23.3.2. Qt immodules
23.3.3. SCIM hotkeys
23.3.4. scim-python
23.3.5. scim-python-chinese
24. 向后兼容
24.1. 编译器兼容性
24.2. KDE 3 Development Platform / Libraries
25. 软件包改变
26. Fedora 项目
27. 文档题署
27.1. 贡献者
27.2. 工作方式

1. 欢迎使用 Fedora

Fedora 项目是由 Red Hat 和社群支持的开源项目。它的目标在于快速推进自由开源软件和开源内容。Fedora 项目利用大众论坛,开放的程序,快速的革新,英明的管理以及高度的透明来完成一个完全由自由开源的软件构成的完美的操作系统和平台。

[提示] 网上最新的发行注记

These release notes may be updated. To view the latest release notes for Fedora, visit:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

[重要] 网上旧版本的发行注记

如果是从较旧的 Fedora 升级,而不是前一版本,应当参考过去的发行注记以获得更多信息。旧版本的发行注记可以在 http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ 看到。

You can help the Fedora Project community continue to improve Fedora if you file bug reports and enhancement requests. Refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/BugsAndFeatureRequests for more information about bugs. Thank you for your participation.

想知道更多 Fedora 的信息,请访问下列页面:

[注意] 文档链接

如果您在 Fedora 安装过程中阅读这份发行注记,可能无法访问外部链接。安装后,仍然可以继续阅读它。它是互联网浏览器的默认首页。连接到互联网后,就可以访问这些链接,获得关于 Fedora 和创造它、支持它的社区的更多信息了。

2. 本次发布亮点

[提示] 网上最新的发行注记

These release notes may be updated. To view the latest release notes for Fedora, visit:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

2.1. Fedora 之旅

You can find a tour filled with pictures and videos of this exciting new release at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Tours/Fedora9.

2.2. Fedora 新增内容

本次发布包括很多关键软件包和技术的新版本。下面的章节对自前一版本以来的主要更改做出概览。

2.2.1. 发布集(Spins)

Fedora 包括多种发布集(spins),这是使用特定软件包集合产生的 Fedora 变种。每个发布集都通过软件包的组合来适应特定用户的需求。除网络安装时使用的很小的 boot.iso 镜像之外,用户可以在下列发布集中选择:

  • 通常的 Fedora 镜像,适于桌面、工作站和服务器用户。这一发布集为过去版本 Fedora 的用户提供了良好的升级路径和熟悉的环境。

  • One of several Live images that can be run from a disc or USB flash device, and can be installed to hard disk as desired. Refer to the "Live" section for more information about the Live images.

More custom spins are available at http://spins.fedoraproject.org. These Live images can be used on USB media via the livecd-iso-to-disk utility available in the livecd-tools package.

2.2.2. Jigdo

Fedora releases are also available via Jigdo. This distribution method can improve the speed of obtaining the installation ISO images. Instead of waiting for torrent downloads to complete, Jigdo seeks the fastest mirrors it can find via the Fedora Project Mirror Manager infrastructure, and downloads the bits it needs from these mirrors. To optimize seeking these bits, you can tell Jigdo to scan a DVD or CD you already have, and cut down on redundant downloads. This feature becomes particularly useful if you:

  1. Download all the test releases and then get the final release, in which case you have 90% of the data already with each subsequent download.

  2. Download both the DVD and the CD set, in which case the DVD holds 95% of the data needed for the CD sets.

  3. Download any combination of the above.

2.2.3. 特性

  • This release features GNOME 2.22. GNOME now includes a webcam photo and video creation utility called Cheese, improved network filesystem support, a new international clock applet, Google Calendar support and custom email labels in Evolution, a new Remote Desktop Viewer, improved accessibility features, and PolicyKit integration.

  • Online Desktop provides a desktop experience designed around online services. A preview of Online Desktop is provided via BigBoard, which is a optional sidebar in GNOME.

  • KDE 4.0.2 is available in the KDE Live image as well as the regular DVD.

  • Xfce 4.4.2 作为发布的一部分。

  • NetworkManager 0.7 provides improved mobile broadband support, including GSM and CDMA devices, and now supports multiple devices and ad-hoc networking for sharing connections.

  • PulseAudio is now installed and enabled by default. PulseAudio is an advanced sound server compatible with nearly all existing Linux sound systems. PulseAudio allows for hot-switching audio outputs, individual volume controls for each audio stream, networked audio, and more.

  • Compiz, the compositing window manager that brings eye candy and usability improvements to the desktop, is installed by default, and is easily enabled by both GNOME and KDE users via the SystemPreferencesDesktop Effects tool from the Fedora team. While Compiz is not yet robust or mature enough to be enabled by default, ongoing, long term X.Org work by Fedora developers continues. The expectation is that Fedora is going to enable Compiz by default in the next release.

  • Compiz Fusion, which re-merges Compiz and Beryl, is also available in the Fedora software repository. Users can easily install Compiz Fusion via ApplicationsAdd/Remove Programs tool or with yum.

  • The Fedora installer, Anaconda, now supports independent locations for the second stage installer and the software packages. A redesigned, larger boot.iso image now features a second stage installer partly for this reason.

  • The completely free and open source Java environment OpenJDK 6 is installed by default. IcedTea 7, derived from OpenJDK 1.7, is no longer the default. IcedTea includes a browser plugin based on GCJ, and is available for both x86 and x86_64 architectures. GCJ is still the default on PPC architecture.

  • OpenOffice.org 2.4, with many new features, is available as part of Fedora 9.

  • Bluetooth 设备和工具有更好的图形化和系统整合。

  • Laptop users benefit from the "quirks" feature in HAL, including better suspend/resume and multimedia keyboard support.

  • The swfdec package, which decodes and renders Flash animations and videos, is now installed by default. However, many videos require additional codec support. Refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/AdditionalCodecs for more information.

  • Fedora now includes Perl 5.10.0, which features a smaller memory footprint and other improvements.

  • Eclipse 3.3.1 is available as part of this release.

  • PackageKit, a new set of graphical and console tools for cross-distribution software management, is installed by default in this release of Fedora. The PackageKit graphical updater is also installed by default, instead of Pup. Behind PackageKit , the performance of yum has been significantly improved. Pup and Pirut are still available in the software repositories for users that prefer them.

  • Transifex provides a web-based translation interface to allow users to contribute translation work for Fedora hosted projects as well as being able to provide translations directly to any upstream project.

  • Fedora now offers easier rebranding of Fedora derivatives via a generic-logos software package. Changes in Fedora's mirror structure also make creation of derivatives easier.

  • The pam_console module usage has been removed in favor of access control via HAL, which modernizes the desktop.

  • 在GNOME桌面中,输入法现在能够动态被启动和停止。

  • This release of Fedora uses Upstart, an event-based replacement for the /sbin/init daemon.

  • Fedora now includes TeXLive to replace the older, unmaintained TeX distribution.

  • Fedora 包含内核的 2.6.24 版本。

  • Work on the start-up and shutdown in X has yielded noticeable improvements.

2.3. 路线图

The proposed plans for the next release of Fedora are available at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/RoadMap.

3. Legal Notice

Copyright (c) 2007 by Red Hat, Inc. and others. This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0, available at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/.

The Fedora Art Project created the admonition graphics (note, tip, important, caution, and warning). Tommy Reynolds created the callout graphics. They all may be freely redistributed with documentation produced for the Fedora Project.

FEDORA, FEDORA PROJECT, and the Fedora Logo are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., are registered or pending registration in the U.S. and other countries, and are used here under license to the Fedora Project.

Red Hat and the Red Hat "Shadow Man" logo are registered trademarks of Red Hat Inc. in the United States and other countries.

All other trademarks and copyrights referred to are the property of their respective owners.

Documentation, as with software itself, may be subject to export control. Read about Fedora Project export controls at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal/Export.

4. 反馈

感谢您花时间向 Fedora 社区提出评论、建议和错误报告。通过这些,您帮助了 Fedora, Linux 乃至自由软件世界的进步。

4.1. 提交关于 Fedora 软件包的反馈

To provide feedback on Fedora software or other system elements, please refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/BugsAndFeatureRequests. A list of commonly reported bugs and known issues for this release is available from http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Bugs/F9Common.

4.2. 提交关于发行注记的反馈

[重要] 仅指针对发行注记的反馈

本节是关于发行注记本身的反馈过程

如果您认为可以以某种方式改进发行注记,可以直接向作者提交反馈。这里列出了多条反馈的途径,按首选排序:

  1. If you have a Fedora account, edit content directly at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Beats.

  2. 使用模板 http://tinyurl.com/nej3u - 添加错误报告。本链接只用于发行注记本身的反馈

  3. Email relnotes@fedoraproject.org.

5. 安装要点

[提示] 网上最新的发行注记

These release notes may be updated. To view the latest release notes for Fedora, visit:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

[重要] 安装向导

学习如何安装Fedora,见 http://docs.fedoraproject.org/install-guide/

[提示] 发行注记未包含的安装问题。

如果你在安装时遇到了发行注记中没有包含的问题,请参考:http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/zh_CN/FAQ 以及 http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Bugs/Common

Anaconda is the name of the Fedora installer. This section outlines issues related to Anaconda and installing Fedora 9.

[注意] 下载大文件

如果您需要下载 Fedora DVD ISO 镜像文件,记住并不是所有下载工具都支持大于 2GB 的文件。wget 1.9.1-16 或更高版本, curlncftpget 没有此限制,可以顺利下载大于 2GB 的文件。 BitTorrent 也可以用来下载大文件。要下载 torrent 种子文件请访问 http://torrent.fedoraproject.org/

安装程序 Anaconda 默认会检测安装媒介的完整性。它可以在 CD, DVD, 硬盘镜像文件和 NFS 镜像安装方式中工作。Fedora 项目建议您在安装过程开始前,在提交与安装有关的错误报告之前,检测安装介质。很多错误报告实际是由于 CD 或 DVD 烧录不正确造成的。

mediacheck 功能是非常敏感的,可能将正常的光盘报告为有错。这通常是由于光盘刻录软件在从 ISO 文件刻录时,没有包含合适的 padding。要进行测试,在启动时按任意一键来进入菜单,然后按下 Tab 键,再添加 mediacheck 到参数列表,然后按回车(Enter)。

After you complete the mediacheck function successfully, reboot to return the system to its normal state. On many systems, this results in a faster installation process from the disc. You may skip the mediacheck option when rebooting.

[重要] BitTorrent 自动验证文件完整性

如果您使用 BitTorrent, 您下载的文件会被自动验证。如果您的下载已完成,不必再验证它。不过,在烧录到 CD 或 DVD 后,还是应该做一下介质检测(mediacheck)

要在安装 Fedora 前进行内存测试,启动时按任意一键,选择 Memory Test。这会运行 Memtest86 独立内存检测工具而不是 AnacondaMemtest86 会一直运行,直到按下了 Esc 键。

[注意] Memtest86 可用性

必须从第一张 CD,或者 DVD,或急救 CD-ROM 启动,才能使用这一功能。

Fedora 9 supports graphical FTP and HTTP installations. However, the installer image must either fit in RAM or appear on local storage, such as Installation Disc 1. Therefore, only systems with more than 192MiB of RAM, or which boot from Installation Disc 1, can use the graphical installer. Systems with 192MiB RAM or less fall back to using the text-based installer automatically. If you prefer to use the text-based installer, type linux text at the boot: prompt.

5.1. Anaconda 的变化

  • Built-in features for resizing ext2, ext3, and ntfs partitions.

  • 支持加密的分区。

  • Consolidated network booting ISO image, replacing old boot.iso, diskboot.img, and rescuecd.iso.

  • Second stage installer location now independent of software package location.

  • Experimental support for installing to ext4 partitions, with the iamanext4developer boot option.

  • Native installation to x86_64 machines using EFI and booting via grub.

  • Hardware probing and detection now based on HAL and udev.

  • Support for persistence in Live images on USB flash media.

5.2.1. IDE Device Names

Use of /dev/hdX on i386 and x86_64 for IDE drives has changed to /dev/sdX. See notes about the importance of labeling devices for upgrades from releases before Fedora 7, and partition limitations.

5.2.2. IDE RAID

Not all IDE RAID controllers are supported. If your RAID controller is not yet supported by dmraid , you may combine drives into RAID arrays by configuring Linux software RAID. For supported controllers, configure the RAID functions in the computer BIOS.

5.2.3. 多 NIC 以及 PXE 安装

一些服务器拥有多个网络接口,可能无法将 BIOS 所知的第一个网络接口设定为 eth0 ,这将导致安装程序使用与 PXE 启动时不同的网络接口。要应付这种情况,可以在 pxelinux.cfg/* 配置文件中添加下面的内容:

IPAPPEND 2 
APPEND ksdevice=bootif

上面的配置选项使得安装程序使用与 BIOS 和 PXE 相同的网络接口。您也可以添加下面的内容:

ksdevice=link 

这个选项使安装程序使用连接到交换机的第一个网络设备。

5.2.4. HP ProLiant DL360 及 Smart Array

如果安装是遇到不能侦测到智能阵列卡的问题,试试在安装宏程序的提示符输入 linux isa 。这样你就能手工选择阵列卡。

5.2.5. Drivers Requiring Firmware

Currently, Anaconda is not able to load userland firmware. This means that any devices with a driver that relies on loaded firmware will not be supported at install time. This includes all QLogic storage controllers.

请访问 http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/DistributionUpgrades 查看详细的升级步骤建议。

5.3.1. SCSI 驱动分区限制

尽管旧的 IDE 驱动支持每个设备多达 63 个分区,SCSI 设备只支持 15 个分区。Anaconda 使用新的 libata 驱动,因此在安装或升级时无法探测到 IDE 硬盘上超过 15 个分区。

如果你要更新超过 15 个分区的系统,可能需要将磁盘移植到逻辑卷管理(LVM)。这个限制可能与其他已安装系统冲突,如果它们不支持 LVM 的话。较新的 Linux 发行版都支持 LVM,其他操作系统也有相应驱动。

5.3.2. 磁盘分区必须有卷标

Linux 内核处理存储设备的方式如果发生变化,就意味着 /dev/hdX/dev/sdX 这样的设备名可能与过去完全不同。Anaconda 使用分区卷标来应付这一问题。如果没有卷标,Anaconda 将警告分区必须有卷标,否则升级无法继续。使用逻辑卷管理 (LVM) 和 device-mapper 工具的系统无需重新标识。

5.3.2.1. 要设置磁盘分区卷标

要查看分区卷标,首先启动现有的 Fedora 系统,在终端中输入命令:

/sbin/blkid

确认列表中每个卷都有 LABEL= 这样的内容,如下:

/dev/hdd1: LABEL="/boot" UUID="ec6a9d6c-6f05-487e-a8bd-a2594b854406" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
5.3.2.2. 更新文件系统挂载项

如果文件系统卷标被添加或修改,那么 /etc/fstab 中的设备条目必须同时更新:

su -c "cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.orig"
su -c "gedit /etc/fstab"

以指定卷标方式挂载:

LABEL=f7-slash  /  ext3  defaults  1 1
5.3.2.3. 更新 grub.conf 中内核的根文件系统项

如果根分区 / 的卷标被修改,必须同时修改 grub 配置文件中内核的启动参数:

su -c "gedit /boot/grub/grub.conf"

正确的内核启动参数:

kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.20-1.2948.fc6 ro root=LABEL=f7-slash rhgb quiet
5.3.2.4. 测试对卷标的修改

如果修改了分区卷标,或者修改了 /etc/fstab 文件,应当重启进入现有的 Fedora,保证分区正确挂载,可以成功登录。如果不可以,说明 :( 这段文档不知道是谁写的,这么烂! 全部改好之后,重启使用安装介质来开始升级过程。

5.3.3. 更新还是全新安装

一般情况下,应选择全新安装而不是升级,如果系统中有第三方仓库的软件就更应如此。如果已安装了第三方仓库的软件,升级后可能无法正常使用。一定要升级的话,请遵守下面的指示。

  • 升级前,请备份整个系统。特别的,保留 /etc , /home, 可能还有 /opt/usr/local,如果那里有定制安装的软件包的话。可以考虑使用多启动,在其他分区中复制并保留原来的系统,以备无虞。最好再准备些其他类型的启动盘,例如 GRUB 软盘。

    [提示] 系统配置备份

    /etc 目录中的配置文件作备份,全新安装后,重建系统设置时会非常有用。

  • 升级完毕,运行命令:

    rpm -qa --last > RPMS_by_Install_Time.txt 
    

    在输出的最后,查看升级前安装的软件包。删掉他们或者从第三方仓库升级它们,必要的话小心应付。有些软件包可能不存在于任何仓库中。要列出这样的软件包,执行命令:

    su -c "yum list extras"

6. 体系相关内容

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http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

本节提供 Fedora 所支持的特定硬件体系的信息。

6.1. 64 位平台下(x86_64, ppc64) RPM 多体系支持

RPM supports parallel installation of multiple architectures of the same package. A default package listing such as rpm -qa might appear to include duplicate packages, since the architecture is not displayed. Instead, use the repoquery command, part of the yum-utils package, which displays architecture by default. To install yum-utils , run the following command:

su -c "yum install yum-utils"

要用 rpm 列出所有软件包以及其体系,运行命令:

rpm -qa --queryformat "%{name}-%{version}-%{release}.%{arch}\n"

您可以将它添加到 /etc/rpm/macros (系统范围的设置)或 ~/.rpmmacros (用户各自的设置)。它改变默认的查询方式,以列出体系:

%_query_all_fmt      %%{name}-%%{version}-%%{release}.%%{arch}

6.2. PPC 相关

本节包含 Fedora 特定于 PPC 硬件平台的信息。

6.2.1. PPC 硬件需求

6.2.1.1. 处理器及内存

  • Minimum CPU: PowerPC G3 / POWER3.

  • Fedora 9 supports only the "New World" generation of Apple Power Macintosh, shipped from circa 1999 onward.

  • Fedora 9 also supports IBM pSeries, IBM iSeries, IBM RS/6000, Genesi Pegasos II, and IBM Cell Broadband Engine machines.

  • Fedora 9 includes new hardware support for Genesi Efika, and for the Sony PlayStation 3.

  • 文本模式推荐值: 233MHz G3 或更佳,128MiB 内存

  • 图形模式推荐值: 400MHz G3 或更佳,256MiB 内存

6.2.1.2. 硬盘空间需求

The disk space requirements listed below represent the disk space taken up by Fedora 9 after installation is complete. However, additional disk space is required during installation to support the installation environment. This additional disk space corresponds to the size of /Fedora/base/stage2.img (on Installation Disc 1) plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm on the installed system.

实际上,这意味着,最小安装需要 90MiB 额外空间,而完全安装需要 175MiB 额外空间。所有软件包将占据 9GB 磁盘空间。

另外,记住用户数据也需要额外空间存放,为使系统正常运作,还应保留至少 5% 空闲空间。

6.2.2. 64位机上的4 KiB 页面文件

通过在Fedora Core 6上对64 64KiB页面的简短实验,PowerPC 64 内核已经换回到4KiB页面。升级过程中,安装程序会自动的重新格式化所有的交换分区。

6.2.3.  Apple 键盘

Apple 系统中的 Option 键相当于 PC 中的 Alt键。安装过程中提到 Alt 键时,使用 Option 代替。有些组合键需要用 Option 键与 Fn 键组合出来,例如 Option+Fn+F3 可以切换到虚拟终端 tty3。

6.2.4. PPC 安装注记

Fedora 安装盘 1 是可以在所支持的硬件平台上启动的。另外,可以在 CD 的 images/ 目录找到一份可启动的 CD 镜像。硬件不同,它们的行为也不同:

  • On most machines, the bootloader automatically boots the appropriate 32-bit or 64-bit installer from the install disc.

  • 64-bit IBM pSeries (POWER4/POWER5), 新近的 iSeries 机型. 使用 OpenFirmware 引导 CD 后,引导管理器 (yaboot) 自动运行 64 位的安装程序。

  • IBM "Legacy" iSeries (POWER4). 被称为 "Legacy" 的 iSeries 不使用 OpenFirmware。应当使用安装树的 images/iSeries 目录中的引导镜像。

  • 32-bit CHRP (IBM RS/6000 及其他). 使用 OpenFirmware 启动 CD 后,在 boot: 提示符下选择 linux32 镜像,引导 32 位的安装程序。否则,64 位安装程序会自动引导,而它无法运行。

  • Genesi Pegasos II. 在本文档撰写时,Pegasos 完全支持 ISO9660 文件系统的固件尚未发布。但是,可以使用网络启动盘。在 OpenFirmware 提示符下,输入命令:

    boot cd: /images/netboot/ppc32.img

    You must also manually configure OpenFirmware on the Pegasos to make the installed Fedora system bootable. To do this, set the boot-device and boot-file environment variables appropriately.

  • Genesi Efika 5200B.  To run Linux correctly on the Efika, download the "Device Tree Supplement" from http://www.powerdeveloper.org/platforms/efika/devicetree and install according to the documentation therein. At the time of writing, the firmware of the Efika has bugs which prevent correct operation of the yaboot bootloader. Genesi stated that a fixed firmware would be made available by April 2007. As of November 2007, it is not yet available.

  • Sony PlayStation 3.  For installation on PlayStation 3, first update to firmware 1.60 or later. The "Other OS" boot loader must be installed into the flash, following the instructions at http://www.playstation.com/ps3-openplatform/manual.html. A suitable boot loader image can be found on Sony's "ADDON" CD, available from ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/geoff/cell/.

    Once the boot loader is installed, the PlayStation 3 should be able to boot from the Fedora install media. Type linux64 xdriver=fbdev at the boot prompt, which will work around https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=370761. Please note that network installation works best with NFS, since that takes less memory than FTP or HTTP methods. Using the text option also reduces the amount of memory taken by the installer.

    For more information on Fedora and the PlayStation3 or Fedora on PowerPC in general, join the Fedora-PPC mailing list or the #fedora-ppc channel on FreeNode.

  • 网络启动.  Combined images containing the installer kernel and ramdisk are located in the images/netboot/ directory of the installation tree. They are intended for network booting with TFTP, but can be used in many ways.

    yaboot 支持用 TFTP 引导 IBM eServer pSeries 和 Apple Macintosh。Fedora 项目建议结合使用 yabootnetboot 镜像。

6.2.5. PPC Specific Packages

ppc64-utils has been split out into individual packages reflecting upstream packaging (ps3pf-utils, powerpc-utils, powerpc-utils-papr). The mkzimage command is no longer supplied, you can use the wrapper script from kernel-bootwrapper package - eg:

wrapper -i initrd-${KERN_VERSION}.img -o zImage-${KERN_VERSION}.img vmlinuz-${KERN_VERSION} 

6.3. x86 相关

本节包含 Fedora 特定于 x86 硬件平台的信息。

6.3.1. x86 硬件需求

In order to use specific features of Fedora 9 during or after installation, you may need to know details of other hardware components such as video and network cards.

6.3.1.1. 处理器及内存

下列 CPU 特性是以 Intel 处理器的方式表述的。其他处理器 (主要是来自 AMD, Cyrix 和 VIA 的那些) 如果与 Intel 处理器兼容,也可以用于 Fedora 。

Fedora 9 需要 Intel 奔腾或更高处理器,并且为奔腾 4 及更高处理器做了优化。

  • Recommended for text-mode: 200 MHz Pentium-class or better.

  • Recommended for graphical: 400 MHz Pentium II or better.

  • 文本模式最小内存: 128MiB

  • 图形模式最小内存: 192MiB

  • 图形模式推荐内存: 256MiB

6.3.1.2. 硬盘空间需求

The disk space requirements listed below represent the disk space taken up by Fedora 9 after the installation is complete. However, additional disk space is required during the installation to support the installation environment. This additional disk space corresponds to the size of /Fedora/base/stage2.img on Installation Disc 1 plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm on the installed system.

实际上,这意味着,最小安装需要 90MiB 额外空间,而完全安装需要 175MiB 额外空间。所有软件包将占据 9GB 磁盘空间。

另外,记住用户数据也需要额外空间存放,为使系统正常运作,还应保留至少 5% 空闲空间。

6.4. x86 相关

本节包含 Fedora 特定于 x86_64 硬件平台的信息。

6.4.1. x86 硬件需求

In order to use specific features of Fedora 9 during or after installation, you may need to know details of other hardware components such as video and network cards.

6.4.1.1. x86_64 内存需求

  • 文本模式最小内存: 256MiB

  • 图形模式最小内存: 384MiB

  • 图形模式推荐内存: 512MiB

6.4.1.2. 硬盘空间需求

The disk space requirements listed below represent the disk space taken up by Fedora 9 after the installation is complete. However, additional disk space is required during the installation to support the installation environment. This additional disk space corresponds to the size of /Fedora/base/stage2.img on Installation Disc 1 plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm on the installed system.

实际上,这意味着,最小安装需要 90MiB 额外空间,而完全安装需要 175MiB 额外空间。所有软件包将占据 9GB 磁盘空间。

另外,记住用户数据也需要额外空间存放,为使系统正常运作,还应保留至少 5% 空闲空间。

7. Fedora Live 镜像

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Fedora 的这次发行中在传统安装介质基础上包含了多种 Live 镜像。这些镜像是可启动的,你可以把它们烧录成安装介质来尝试 Fedora。它们还有一种特性,允许你将 Live 镜像的内容安装到硬盘上,这样就能实现永久安装而且有更高的性能。

7.1. 可以获取的镜像类型

For a complete list of current spins available, and instructions for using them, refer to:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/CustomSpins

7.2. 使用信息

要从 Live 镜像启动,插入 CD 并重启机器。要登录并使用桌面环境,输入用户名 Fedora。提示密码时按下回车,因为此用户没有密码。这份 Live 镜像不会自动登录,从而使用户有机会选择首选语言。登录后,如果想把 live 镜像上的内容安装到硬盘上,请单击桌面图标 Install to Hard Drive

[注意] 不支持 i586

i686 Live 镜像不能在 i586 系统中启动。

7.3. 文本模式安装

在终端下可以用 liveinst 命令,以文本模式安装 Live 镜像。

7.4. 直接安装

You can add liveinst or textinst as a boot loader option to perform a direct installation without booting up the live CD/DVD.

7.4.1. USB 启动

另一种使用 Live 镜像的方法是把其中的内容放进 USB 中。要这样做,首先安装开发仓库中的 livecd-tools 软件包,然后运行 livecd-iso-to-stick 脚本:

/usr/bin/livecd-iso-to-disk /path/to/live.iso /dev/sdb1

使用你想安装镜像的分区替代 /dev/sdb1

这个过程并不会毁掉USB介质中的数据,你的USB中现有的数据仍然

7.4.2. Live USB Persistence

Work has continued to better integrate the Live images with the rest of the system, and improve the tools used for building them. The livecd-creator utility now also provides an API for building alternative front-ends as well as tools for other types of images.

The initial work to support persistent changes with a Live image has also landed. The primary use case is booting from a Live image on a USB flash drive and storing changes to that same device. To do this, download the Live image and then run the following command:

livecd-iso-to-disk --overlay-size-mb 512 /path/to/live.iso /dev/sdb1

使用你想安装镜像的分区替代 /dev/sdb1

Replace 512 with the desired size in megabytes of the persistent data, or overlay. The livecd-iso-to-disk shell script is stored in the LiveOS directory at the top level of the CD image. The USB media must have sufficient free space for the Live image, plus the overlay, plus any other data to be stored on the media.

7.4.3. 与Fedora常规安装方式的区别

以下列出的是使用Live镜像安装和常规安装方式的几点区别。

  • Live 镜像提供了 DVD 镜像中软件的子集。它们连接到同一个包含所有软件的仓库。

  • Live 镜像中,SSH 被默认禁用,NetworkManager 被默认开启。SSH 被禁用,因为 Live 镜像的默认用户名没有密码。不过,安装到硬盘时,会提示创建新的用户和设置密码。NetworkManager 被开启,因为 Live 镜像是面向桌面用户。

  • Live 镜像安装时不允许选择软件包或升级,因为它只是将完整的文件系统从所在介质中复制到硬盘或 USB 存储设备上。安装完成并重启后,可以用 yum 命令或其他软件管理工具按照需要安装软件包。

  • Live 镜像不能在 i586 体系工作。

8. 特定软件包

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These release notes may be updated. To view the latest release notes for Fedora, visit:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

The following sections contain information regarding software packages that have undergone significant changes for Fedora 9. For easier access, they are generally organized using the same groups that are shown in the installation system.

8.1. Perl

Fedora 9 now includes Perl 5.10.0, the first "major" release update in perl5 in some time. The Perl interpreter itself is faster with a smaller memory footprint, and has several UTF-8 and threading improvements. The Perl installation is now relocatable, a blessing for systems administrators and operating system packagers. Perl 5.10.0 also adds a new smart match operator, a switch statement, named captures, state variables, and better error messages.

更多信息,请参考

http://perldoc.perl.org/perldelta.html

8.2. Yum 的变化

The installonlyn plugin functionality has been folded into the core yum package. The installonlypkgs and installonly_limit options are used by default to limit the system to retain only two kernel packages. You can adjust the package set or the number of packages, or disable the option entirely to match your preferences. More details are available in the man page for yum.conf.

命令 yum 探测到锁定时将重试。这个功能在有守护进程检测更新时,或者如果同时运行 yum 和图形前端时会用到。

The yum command now understands a cost parameter in its configuration file, which is the relative cost of accessing a software repository. It is useful for weighing one software repository's packages as greater or less than any other. The cost parameter defaults to 1000, with lower costs given priority.

8.3. pam_mount

The pam_mount facility now uses a configuration file written in XML. The /etc/security/pam_mount.conf file will be converted to /etc/security/pam_mount.conf.xml during update with /usr/bin/convert_pam_mount_conf.pl, which removes all comments. Any per-user configuration files must be converted manually, with the conversion script if desired. A sample pam_mount.conf.xml file with detailed comments about the available options appears at /usr/share/doc/pam_mount-*/pam_mount.conf.xml.

8.4. TeXLive

TeXLive is a replacement for the old, unmaintained TeX package. It offers new style packages and fixes many security problems with the old distribution.

8.5. 工具包

软件包 i810switch 被移除。它的功能可以完全由 xorg-x11-server-utils 软件包中的 xrandr 命令实现。

The evolution-exchange package replaces evolution-connector , and provides a capability under the old name.

The system-config-firewall and system-config-selinux packages replace system-config-security-level . The system-config-selinux package is part of the policycoreutils-gui package.

9. Linux 内核

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http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

这一节覆盖了 Fedora 9 中 2.6.24 内核的变动及重要信息。2.6.24 内核包括:

  • x86 64 位系统的 Tickless 支持(32 位系统早已支持),它能显著改进电源管理。

  • 实时内核项目的一些元素。

  • The kernel has a new version naming scheme to more closely match the upstream version naming scheme.

  • 内核 spec 文件现在叫做 kernel.spec 而不是 kernel-2.6.spec

  • 内核 spec 增加了新的宏,以简化内核构建过程。更多信息请阅读 http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/CustomKernel

  • The kernel in Fedora 9 no longer loads modules by default for ISA sound cards. Load the module by hand using the command modprobe module-name, or put an entry in /etc/modprobe.conf. For example, for the Creative SoundBlaster AWE64, add the following entry:

    install snd-sbawe
  • The Fedora kernel offers paravirt_ops support in domU, as part of the kernel team's efforts to reduce the work required to produce current Xen kernels.

  • Xen fully virtualized guests can directly boot a kernel and initrd image and pass kernel boot args. For more details refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/XenFullvirtKernelBoot.

9.1. 版本

Fedora 可能包含了附加的补丁,来改进,修正或添加附加特性。因此,Fedora 内核与被称为纯正(vanilla kernel)的,来自 kernel.org 网站的内核不是完全相同的。

http://www.kernel.org/

要获得这些补丁的列表,下载源 RPM 软件包,运行下列命令:

rpm -qpl kernel-<version>.src.rpm 

9.2. 更新日志

软件包修订记录可以用下列命令看到:

rpm -q --changelog kernel-<version> 

If you need a user friendly version of the changelog, refer to http://wiki.kernelnewbies.org/LinuxChanges. A short and full diff of the kernel is available from http://kernel.org/git. The Fedora version kernel is based on the Linus tree.

Customizations made for the Fedora version are available from http://cvs.fedoraproject.org.

9.3. 内核配置

Fedora 9 包含了下列内核构建

  • 基本的内核,用于大多数系统,已配置的代码在 kernel-devel 软件包中。

  • kernel-PAE,用于拥有超过 4GB RAM 的 32-bit x86 系统中,或者 CPU 带有 "NX (No eXecute)" 特性的系统中。它同时支持单/多处理器系统。已配置的代码在 kernel-PAE-devel 软件包中。

  • 虚拟机内核,用于 Xen 模拟器。已配置的源代码包含在 kernel-xen-devel 软件包中。

所有内核变种的内核头文件可以同时安装。文件安装在 /usr/src/kernels/version[-PAE|-xen|-kdump]-arch/。使用命令:

su -c "yum install kernel{,-PAE,-xen,-kdump}-devel" 

选择一个或多个变种,以逗号分隔,不要有空格。在提示时输入系统管理员密码。

[注意] x86内核包括Kdump

Both the x86_64 and the i686 kernels are now relocatable, so they no longer require a separate kernel for kdump capability. PPC64 still requires a separate kdump kernel.

[注意] 默认内核提供了 SMP

Fedora 没有单独的 SMP 内核,无论是 i386, x86_64 还是 ppc64。基本内核提供了多处理器支持。

[注意] PowerPC 内核支持

Fedora 没有为 PowerPC 体系提供 Xen 或 Kdump 支持。32位的PPC系统仍然有单独的SMP内核。

9.4. 为内核开发作准备

Fedora9不包含老版本提供的kernel-source 软件包,因为要编译外部模块,只需要 kernel-devel软件包。要得到已配置的源代码,请阅读 第 9.3 节 “内核配置”

[重要] 定制内核

要了解更多关于内核开发以及内核定制,请访问 http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/CustomKernel.。

9.5. 报告错误

Refer to http://kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/lkml/reporting-bugs.html for information on reporting bugs in the Linux kernel. You may also use http://bugzilla.redhat.com for reporting bugs that are specific to Fedora.

10. Fedora 桌面

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These release notes may be updated. To view the latest release notes for Fedora, visit:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

本节详述影响 Fedora 图形桌面用户的改变。

10.1. GNOME

This release features GNOME 2.22.

GNOME 欢迎屏幕被上游开发者禁止了。要启用它,使用 gconf-editor 或下面的命令:

gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-session/options/show_splash_screen --type bool true 

本次发布中,锁定屏幕对话框并未连接到指定的屏幕保护程序。要启用它,使用 gconf-editor 或下面的命令:

gconftool-2 --set  --type string /apps/gnome-screensaver/lock_dialog_theme  "system"  

10.1.1. Gvfs

GNOME 2.22 features the new Gvfs, a userspace virtual file-system with back-ends for sftp, ftp, dav, smb, obexftp, and others. The Gvfs system is the replacement/successor of gnome-vfs.

Gvfs consists of two parts:

  • GIO, which is a new shared library that is part of GLib and provides the API for gvfs

  • Gvfs itself, a package that contains back-ends for the various file system types and protocols

The Gvfs system runs a single master daemon, gvfsd, that keeps track of the current gvfs mounts. Most mounts are run in a separate daemon process. Clients talk to the mounts with a combination of DBus calls (on the session bus and using peer-to-peer DBus) and a custom protocol for file contents.

A few file-system types previously supported by gnome-vfs may not be yet supported by gvfs. Work continues to provide completed solutions for all these types.

10.1.2. GNOME Display Manager

The GNOME Display Manager (gdm) has been updated to the latest upstream code. PolicyKit can be used to control shutdown and reboot. The configuration tool gdmsetup is set to be replaced. New features available on the login screen include:

  • nicer graphical effects

  • power management and monitoring on the login screen, so the laptop hibernates or shuts down when the battery gets low

  • smarter user list

  • keyboard layout selector on the login screen

For more information on this feature:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/NewGdm

10.2. KDE

This release features KDE 4.0.2. As the kdepim and kdevelop packages are not part of KDE 4.0 and kdewebdev is only partially available (no Quanta) in KDE 4.0, the KDE 3.5.9 versions of those packages are shipped.

KDE 4.0 features upgrades to core components such as the port to Qt 4. It also introduces a number of brand new frameworks such as the Phonon, a multimedia API; Solid, a hardware integration framework; Plasma, a re-written desktop and panel with many new concepts; integrated desktop search; compositing as a feature of KWin; and a brand new visual style called Oxygen. KDE 4.0.2 is a bugfix release from the KDE 4.0 release series.

Fedora 9 does not include the legacy KDE 3 Desktop. It does include a compatibility KDE 3 Development Platform, which can be used to build and run KDE 3 applications within KDE 4 or any other desktop environment. Refer to the Backwards Compatibility section for more details about what is included.

Since networkmanager does not work with the version of NetworkManager available in this release, the KDE Live images use nm-applet from NetworkManager-gnome as a replacement. The gnome-keyring-daemon facility saves passwords for these encryption technologies. (The dummy knetworkmanager package from Fedora 8 that only called nm-applet is no longer used.)

As the native KWin window manager now optionally supports compositing and desktop effects, the KDE Live images no longer include Compiz/Beryl. The KWin compositing/effects mode is disabled by default, but can be enabled in systemsettings.

10.2.1. Workspace Changes

  • Plasma replaces the old Kicker and KDesktop. Plasma manages both the panel and the desktop, and it is now possible to place the same Plasma applets (plasmoids) on both the panel and the desktop if the applet supports the size restrictions imposed by the panel.

  • The old KDE Control Center (KControl) has been replaced by System Settings (systemsettings).

  • The KDM login manager uses a new theme format. Therefore, KDM themes written for KDE 3 do not work with the KDM in KDE 4. KDM now includes support for theme configuration, thus the external kdmtheme tool is no longer needed.

All the above applications can be found in the kdebase-workspace package.

10.2.2. Package and Application Changes

  • The packages qt , kdelibs , and kdebase now represent the KDE 4 version, obsoleting the qt4 , kdelibs4 , and kdebase4 packages in previous releases of Fedora.

  • The Qt/KDE 3 versions have been renamed qt3 , kdelibs3 , and kdebase3 . Fedora 9 only includes parts of kdebase3 . Refer to the Backwards Compatibility section for details.

  • Upstream KDE has split the kdebase module into three modules: kdebase-runtime , kdebase (sometimes called kdebase-apps to distinguish it from the old monolithic kdebase ), and kdebase-workspace . This split is reflected in the Fedora packages.

  • Fedora 9 adds a kdegames3 package containing the games not yet ported to KDE 4.

  • Dolphin, which is part of kdebase , replaces d3lphin .

  • The kdebase-workspace package now includes support for KDM theme configuration, and therefore obsoletes kdmtheme .

  • Okular replaces KPDF, KGhostView, and KFax in kdegraphics .

  • The package kaider replaces KBabel, which used to be part of kdesdk .

  • The okteta package replaces KHexEdit, which used to be part of kdeutils .

  • The packages kalgebra and marble are now part of kdeedu .

  • The ksudoku package is now part of kdegames .

  • The package gwenview is now part of kdegraphics .

  • The kiconedit and kcoloredit packages, which used to be part of kdegraphics , are now separate packages.

  • The package kmid , which used to be part of kdemultimedia , is now a separate package.

  • The Fedora KDE SIG decided to drop the -extras sub-packages, which contained deprecated or unstable applications, because those applications have been either fixed or dropped in KDE 4.

  • The package kdeadmin-kpackage has been split out of kdeadmin because KPackage now depends on smart .

  • KDE 4 dropped the kdeaddons module. Therefore, there is no kdeaddons package in Fedora 9. The Atlantik Designer, for use with kdegames3 , is still available as kdeaddons-atlantikdesigner . The package ksig is now its own package, and extragear-plasma replaces the Kicker addons. The Konqueror plugins are being packaged as a separate konq-plugins package.

10.3. 蓝牙

The Bluetooth feature in Fedora 9 (http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/BluetoothFedora9) has several enhancements specific to this release. The future generations of this feature is covered with greater detail at:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/FeatureBluetooth

File sending to a Bluetooth device is now handled with the bluetooth-sendto program from the bluez-gnome package, which replaces gnome-obex-sen. Send a file in Nautilus from the Send to... function in the right-click context menu.

Pulling files from a Bluetooth device is now included in gnome-user-share , which has ObexFTP and ObexPush support built-in. Share files via SystemPreferencesInternet and NetworkPersonal File SharingShare Public files over Bluetooth (ObexFTP support), or pull files using ObexPush with PersonalFile SharingReceive files in Downloads folder over Bluetooth.

Files on the remote Bluetooth device can be viewed directly in Nautilus through GVFS, which supports Bluetooth devices. Synchronizing a Bluetooth device with a personal information manager (PIM) device is done using gnome-pilot

Browsing of Bluetooth devices is done via the right-click context menu from the Bluetooth icon on the desktop panel.

10.4. XULRunner

Applications that require the Gecko engine have had to depend on the entirety of Firefox. XULRunner is the Mozilla effort to split the browser engine for applications that require only that functionality, and no user interface parts. This split provides more API/ABI stability and a cleaner build environment for applications using Gecko. Many of the applications in Fedora that previously used Gecko now are built against XULRunner.

For a current status, visit http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/XULRunner. To help with development, visit http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/FeatureXULRunnerAPIChanges.

For full upstream documentation, refer to http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/XULRunner.

10.5. Web 浏览器

This release of Fedora includes version 3.0 of the popular Firefox web browser. Refer to http://firefox.com/ for more information about Firefox. The nspluginwrapper package is included by default even on 32-bit systems since it separates the plugins to run in their own address space, which increases security and reliability of the browser.

For information about Firefox 3.0 in Fedora, refer to this feature page:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/Firefox3

10.5.1. 启用 Flash 插件

Fedora includes swfdec and gnash , which are free and open source implementations of Flash. We encourage you to try either or them before seeking out Adobe's proprietary Flash plugin software.

Users of Fedora x86_64 must install the nspluginwrapper.i386 package to enable the 32-bit Adobe Flash plugin in x86_64 Firefox and the pulseaudio-libs.i386 package to enable sound from the plugin.

  1. Create the 32bit mozilla plugin directory:

    su -c "mkdir -p /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins" 
    
  2. Install the nspluginwrapper.i386 , nspluginwrapper.x86_64 , and pulseaudio-libs.i386 packages:

    su -c "yum install nspluginwrapper.{i386,x86_64} pulseaudio-libs.i386" 
    
  3. 按照上面的步骤安装 flash-plugin

    运行 mozilla-plugin-config 来注册 flash 插件:

    su -c "mozilla-plugin-config -i -g -v" 
    
  4. 关闭所有 Firefox 窗口,重新运行 Firefox

    在地址栏输入 about:plugins,查看插件是否已被加载。

10.6. Disabling PC Speaker

PC speaker is enabled by default in Fedora. If you do not prefer this, there are two ways to circumvent the sounds:

  • Reduce its volume to a acceptable level or completely mute the PC speaker in alsamixer with the setting for PC Speak.

  • Disable the PC speaker system wide by running the following commands in a console.

su -
modprobe -r pcspkr
echo "install pcspkr :" >> /etc/modprobe.conf

10.7. International Clock Applet

The new clock applet in the GNOME panel has expanded to support additional international timezones in the display, as well as weather information for each configured timezone displayed. This work, which involved merging intlclock with the GNOME clock applet, provides all the functionality of system-config-date and the weather applet. Additional features include: users can choose arbtirary locations instead of principal timezones; UI enhancements for new and old functions; and full weather information shown in a tool tip.

Read more about this feature:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/FeatureClockApplet

10.8. Dictionaries Consolidated

There is a new default spell checking back-end, hunspell, for both the GNOME and KDE desktops, as well as applications such as OpenOffice.org, Firefox, and other XULRunner-based applications. This common back-end includes a set of shared, multi-lingual dictionaries for use with hunspell. This feature uses a single set of common dictionaries regardless of the application, which gives consistent suggestions for misspelled words and uses less diskpace by eliminating duplicate dictionaries.

Details on this effort are here:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/FeatureDictionary

11. 文件系统

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Fedora 9 对加密交换分区和除了根分区之外的分区提供基本的支持。要使用它,在 /etc/crypttab 中添加条目,并在 /etc/fstab 中引用这些设备。

New in Fedora 9, the installer Anaconda has support for creating encrypted file systems during installation. For more information on that, refer to the Fedora Installation Guide.

Installing to encrypted volumes, including the root file system, is now supported. There is no configuration tool for adding or removing keys from volumes at a later time, or otherwise doing modification of the encryption. Refer to this feature page for more information:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/FeatureEncryptedFilesystems

For full instructions on using encrypted file systems, refer to the Fedora Encryption and Privacy Guide.

11.1. Ext4 Preview

The new ext4 file system is available in Fedora 9 as a nearly feature complete preview. Testers are encouraged to review the documentation and try implementations of ext4. When finally integrated, users should experience no problems with the new file system, and should find it bigger, better, and faster.

While an ext3 file system can be mounted as ext4, an ext3 to ext4 conversion tool is planned that converts existing ext3 on-disk format to ext4. For more information about this feature:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FedoraExt4

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/Ext4

12. 网络服务器

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12.1. PostgreSQL DBD 驱动

使用mod_dbd的用户请注意,PostgreSQL的apr-util DBD 驱动已经被包含进发行当中。这个驱动模块是作为单独的动态载入模块包含进来的,它在apr-util-pgsql包中。现在也可以在apr-util-mysql包中找到MySQL的驱动。

12.2. TurboGears 应用程序

SQLAlchemy 更新为 0.4.x 版。使用 SQLAlchemy 作为数据库层的 TurboGears 应用程序需要更新启动脚本。不使用:

import pkg_resources
pkg_resources.require('TurboGears')

启动脚本需要包含:

__requires__ = 'TurboGears[future]'
import pkg_resources

12.3. Drupal

Drupal has been updated from the 5.x series to 6.1. For details, refer to:

http://drupal.org/drupal-6.1

Remember to log in to your site as the admin user, and disable any third-party modules before upgrading this package. After upgrading the package:

  1. Copy /etc/drupal/default/settings.php.rpmsave to /etc/drupal/default/settings.php, and repeat for any additional sites' settings.php files.

  2. Browse to http://host/drupal/update.php to run the upgrade script.

13. 网络服务器

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本节是关于电邮服务器和邮件转发代理(MTAs)。

13.1. Sendmail

By default, the Sendmail mail transport agent (MTA) does not accept network connections from any host other than the local computer. To configure Sendmail as a server for other clients:

  1. Edit /etc/mail/sendmail.mc and either change the DAEMON_OPTIONS line to also listen on network devices, or comment out this option entirely using the dnl comment delimiter.

  2. Install the sendmail-cf package:

    yum install sendmail-cf
    
  3. Regenerate /etc/mail/sendmail.cf:

    make -C /etc/mail
    

14. 开发工具

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这一节覆盖了各种开发工具和特性。

14.1. 工具

14.1.1. GCC 编译器集合

这一版本的 Fedora 使用 GCC 4.3.0 构建,同时将其包含在发行版中。

For more information on GCC 4.3, refer to:

http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.3/

14.1.1.1. 代码生成

Starting with gcc-4.1.2-25 and glibc-2.6.90-14 , the -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 option protects not only C code, but also C++. There have been several security issues already which would not have been exploitable if this checking was in place earlier. Refer to this announcement:

https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-devel-announce/2007-September/msg00015.html for more details.

14.1.2. Eclipse

This release of Fedora includes Fedora Eclipse, based on the Eclipse SDK version 3.3.0. You can read the "New and Noteworthy" page for the 3.3.x series of releases can be accessed at:

http://download.eclipse.org/eclipse/downloads/drops/R-3.3-2007-06251500/whatsnew/eclipse-news.html

Release notes specific to 3.3.0 are available at:

http://www.eclipse.org/eclipse/development/readme_eclipse_3.3.html

The Eclipse SDK is known variously as "the Eclipse Platform," "the Eclipse IDE," and "Eclipse." The Eclipse SDK is the foundation for the combined release of twenty-one Eclipse projects under the Callisto combined release umbrella:

http://www.eclipse.org/europa

A few of these Europa projects are included in Fedora:

Fedora 中其他 Eclipse 项目有:

Assistance in getting more projects packaged and tested with GCJ is always welcome. Contact the interested parties through fedora-devel-java-list and/or #fedora-java on freenode:

http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/fedora-devel-java-list/

Fedora also includes plugins and features that are particularly useful to FLOSS hackers, ChangeLog editing with eclipse-changelog , and Bugzilla interaction with eclipse-mylyn-bugzilla . Our CDT package, eclipse-cdt , includes a snapshot release of work to integrate with the GNU Autotools.

The latest information regarding these projects can be found at the Fedora Eclipse Project page:

http://sourceware.org/eclipse/

14.1.2.1. 未打包的插件/特性

Fedora Eclipse 包含一个补丁,允许非 root 用户使用更新管理器(Update Manager),安装未打包的插件和特性。这些插件将安装到用户的个人目录中,.eclipse 目录下。请注意这些插件没有相应的 GCJ 已编译代码,因此会运行得慢些。

14.1.2.2. 另一种可选的 Java 运行时环境

Fedora 的自由 JRE 并不能满座所有用户的需求,因此 Fedora 允许安装其他可选用的 JRE 。但是对在64位机上安装专有的 JRE 有一项限制。

x86_64 Fedora 系统默认安装的 64 位 JNI 库不能在 32 位 JRE 中运行,换句话说,就是不要在 Sun 的 32 位 JRE 上运行 64 位的 Eclipse 软件包,它们会莫名其妙地出错。如果要运行,或者切换到 64 位专有 JRE,或者安装 32 位的 Eclipse。要安装 32 位的版本,运行命令:

yum install <package_name>.i386 

同样,ppc64 系统默认的 32 位 JNI 库不能在 64 位 JRE 中运行。要安装 64 位版本,执行下面的命令:

yum install <package_name>.ppc64 

14.2. KDE 4 开发平台

Fedora 9 includes KDE 4.0 (beta) development libraries. The following new packages are provided:

  • kdelibs4 : KDE 4 libraries

  • kdepimlibs : KDE 4 PIM libraries

  • kdebase4 : KDE 4 core runtime files

在 KDE 3 或任何其他桌面环境中,可以使用这些软件包来开发、构建和运行 KDE 4 应用程序。

The kdebase4 package also includes a beta version of the Dolphin file manager as a technology preview. As this is a beta version, some issues may still be present. If you need a stable version of Dolphin, please install the d3lphin package, which is based on KDE 3 and can be safely installed alongside kdebase4 .

这些软件包被设计用来:

  • 满足文件系统层次结构标准(FHS),以及

  • 安全地与 KDE 3 并行安装,包括 -devel 软件包。

为达到这个目标,Fedora KDE SIG 成员向 -devel 软件包做出如下修改:

  • 库符号链接被安装到 /usr/lib/kde4/devel/usr/lib64/kde4/devel,取决于系统体系。

  • 工具 kconfig_compilermakekdewidgets 被更名为 kconfig_compiler4makekdewidgets4

这些改变对大多数使用 cmake 编译的 KDE 4 应用程序来说是完全不可见的,因为 FindKDE4Internal.cmake 已经被修改以匹配上述改变。

注意 kdebase4 不包含 KDE 4 桌面软件包 kdebase-workspacePlasmaKWin 第四版等组件。kdebase-workspace 软件包仍然很不完整,无法作为日常应用,也与 KDE 3 冲突。

15. 安全

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这一章记述 Fedora 的安全措施。

15.1. 安全增强

Fedora继续改进许多主动性安全特征.

The glibc package in Fedora 8 had support for passwords using SHA-256 and SHA-512 hashing. Previously, only DES and MD5 were available. These tools have been extended in Fedora 9. Password hashing using the SHA-256 and SHA-512 hash functions is now supported.

To switch to SHA-256 or SHA-512 on an installed system, use authconfig --passalgo=sha256 --update or authconfig --passalgo=sha512 --update. Alternatively, use the authconfig-gtk GUI tool to configure the hashing method. Existing user accounts will not be affected until their passwords are changed.

SHA-512 is used by default on newly installed systems. Other algorithms can be configured only for kickstart installations, by using the --passalgo or --enablemd5 options for the kickstart auth command. If your installation does not use kickstart, use authconfig as described above, and then change the root user password, and passwords for other users created after installation.

New options now appear in libuser , pam , and shadow-utils to support these password hashing algorithms. Running authconfig configures all these options automatically, so it is not necessary to modify them manually.

  • New values for the crypt_style option, and the new options hash_rounds_min, and hash_rounds_max, are now supported in the [defaults] section of /etc/libuser.conf. Refer to the libuser.conf(5) man page for details.

  • New options, sha256, sha512, and rounds, are now supported by the pam_unix PAM module. Refer to the pam_unix(8) man page for details.

  • New options, ENCRYPT_METHOD, SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS, and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS, are now supported in /etc/login.defs. Refer to the login.defs(5) man page for details. Corresponding options were added to chpasswd(8) and newusers(8).

15.2. 一般信息

A general introduction to the many proactive security features in Fedora, current status, and policies is available at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Security.

15.3. SELinux

新的 SELinux 项目页面包括排错提示,解释,以及到文档和参考内容的链接。一些有用的链接如下:

15.4. Free IPA

Free IPA is a centrally managed identity, policy, and audit installation.

The IPA server installer assumes a relatively clean system, installing and configuring several services:

  • a Fedora Directory Server instance

  • KDC

  • Apache

  • ntpd

  • TurboGears

Some effort is made to be able to roll back the changes made but they are not guaranteed. Similarly the ipa-client-install tool overwrites PAM (/etc/pam.conf) and Kerberos (/etc/krb5.conf) configurations.

IPA does not support other instances of Fedora Directory Server on the same machine at install time, even listening on different ports. In order to install IPA, other instances must be removed. IPA itself can handle this removal.

There is currently no mechanism for migrating existing users into an IPA server.

The server self-configures to be a client of itself. If the Directory Server or KDC fail to start on bootup, boot into single-user mode in order to resolve the issue.

更多信息,请访问下列页面:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/freeIPA

16. Java

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16.1. OpenJDK

Fedora9包含OpenJDK6, 一个JavaSE的开源实现.OpenJDK6尚不是java兼容的,验证工作正在进行中。

Fedora将跟踪Sun的稳定版OpenJDK6分支

16.2. OpenJDK 代替 IcedTea

The OpenJDK 6 软件包, java-1.6.0-openjdk* 代替原来的IcedTea。相关部分, java-1.7.0-icedtea*。Fedora 8 IcedTea 软件包跟踪不稳定的OpenJDK 7分支, 然而java-1.6.0-openjdk* 软件包跟踪稳定的OpenJDK 6分支。用OpenJDK 6代替IcedTea的决定是由于一些原因:

  • Sun已经去处了大部分的阻碍,这些阻碍是过去用IcedTea作为替代的原因。

  • IcedTea的指令将被尽可能地合并到OpenJDK中,这样IcedTea和OpenJDK之间的差异将随着时间而消失。

  • OpenJDK6是一个稳定的分支,然而OpenJDK7是不稳定的,并且在2009年前不指望成为稳定版本。

  • Sun已经许可OpenJDK商标被Fedora使用。

  • 同时带上OpenJDK 6和IcedTea将产生冲突,并且增加了发行版的大小。

IcedTea继续为自动化工具提供支持(autoconf , automake , libtool 等),一个为PowerPC和64位PowerPC体系的可移植解释器,插件支持,Web Start支持,和补丁到Fedora中集成的OpenJDK。IcedTea源被包括在java-1.6.0-openjdk SRPM中。

如果IcedTea已经安装,软件包不会进行自动转换。基于OpenJDK 7的IcedTea的相关软件包必须首先被删除,然后安装新的OpenJDK 6软件包。

su -c "yum erase java-1.7.0-icedtea{,-plugin}"
su -c "yum install java-1.6.0-openjdk{,-plugin}"

16.3. 运行 Java 小程序

Upstream OpenJDK does not provide a plugin. The Fedora OpenJDK packages include an adaptation of gcjwebplugin, that runs untrusted applets safely in a Web browser. The plugin is packaged as java-1.6.0-openjdk-plugin.

  • The gcjwebplugin adaptation has no support for the bytecode-to-JavaScript bridge (LiveConnect). Applets that rely on this bridge will not work. Experimental LiveConnect support exists in the IcedTea repository, but is not ready for deployment in Fedora.

  • The gcjwebplugin adaptation does not support signed applets. Signed applets will run in untrusted mode. Experimental support for signed applets is present in the IcedTea repository, but it is not ready for deployment in Fedora.

  • The gcjwebplugin security policy may be too restrictive. To enable restricted applets, run the firefox -g command in a terminal window to see what is being restricted, and then grant the restricted permission in the /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0/jre/lib/security/java.policy file.

16.4. 处理Web Start应用

OpenJDK不提供Web Start的支持。实验性的通过NetX支持的Web Start现在在IcedTea仓库中,但不准备在Fedora中开发。

16.5. Fedora 与 JPackage

Fedora includes many packages derived from the JPackage Project. Some of these packages are modified in Fedora to remove proprietary software dependencies, and to make use of GCJ's ahead-of-time compilation feature. Use the Fedora repositories to update these packages, or use the JPackage repository for packages not provided by Fedora. Refer to the JPackage website for more information about the project, and the software it provides.

在这个版本中,原来的Fedora和JPackage jpackage-utils软件包间的不兼容问题已经解决了,这个不兼容是为了防止安装JPackage的jpackage-utils软件包。

[警告] 混合 Fedora 和 JPackage 的软件包

在相同系统中安装 Fedora 和 JPackage 仓库的软件包前要查明软件包相容性。不相容的软件包会造成复杂的问题。

17. System Services

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17.1. Upstart

Fedora 9 features the Upstart initialization system. All System V init scripts should run fine in compatibility mode. However, users who have made customizations to their /etc/inittab file will need to port those modifications to upstart. For information on writing upstart scripts, see the Upstart Getting Started Guide.

18. 多媒体

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Fedora 包含了各种多媒体相关的应用程序,包括播放,录制和编辑程序。附加的软件包可以在 Fedora 软件仓库找到。请访问 http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/zh_CN/Multimedia

18.1. 多媒体播放器

Fedora 的默认安装包含 RhythmboxTotem 执行媒体播放。Fedora 软件仓库中包含更多其他程序,例如 XMMS 播放器和 KDE 的 amaroK

18.2. Ogg 和 Xiph.Org 基金会的文件格式

Fedora includes complete support for the Ogg media container format and the Vorbis audio, Theora video, Speex audio and FLAC lossless audio formats. These freely-distributable formats are not encumbered by patent or license restrictions. They provide powerful and flexible alternatives to more popular, restricted formats. The Fedora Project encourages the use of open source formats in place of restricted ones. For more information on these formats and how to use them, refer to the Xiph.Org Foundation's web site at http://www.xiph.org/.

18.3. MP3, DVD 和其他被排除的多媒体格式

Fedora cannot include support for MP3 or DVD video playback or recording. The MP3 formats are patented, and the patent holders have not provided the necessary licenses. DVD video formats are patented and equipped with an encryption scheme. The patent holders have not provided the necessary licenses, and the code needed to decrypt CSS-encrypted discs may violate the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, a copyright law of the United States. Fedora also excludes other multimedia software due to patent, copyright, or license restrictions, including Adobe's Flash Player and Real Media's Real Player. For more on this subject, please refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/ForbiddenItems.

While other MP3 options may be available for Fedora, Fluendo now offers an MP3 plugin for GStreamer that has the related patents licensed for end users. This plugin enables MP3 support in applications that use the GStreamer framework as a backend. We cannot distribute this plugin in Fedora for licensing reasons, but it offers a new solution for an old problem. For more information, refer to the Installing Fluendo MP3 Plug-in or Installing MP3 Plug-in with Codeina pages.

18.4. CD 和 DVD 创建和烧录

Fedora include a variety of tools for easily mastering and burning CDs and DVDs. GNOME users can burn directly from the Nautilus file manager. The Fedora software repositories also contain additional software, such as brasero , gnomebaker , or k3b , for these tasks. Console tools include wodim, readom, genisoimage, and other popular applications.

18.5. 屏幕录像

You can use Fedora to create and play back screencasts, which are recorded desktop sessions, using open technologies. Fedora includes istanbul , which creates screencasts using the Theora video format, and 'byzanz', which creates screencasts as animated GIF files. You can play back these videos using one of several players included in Fedora. This is the preferred way to submit screencasts to the Fedora Project for either developers or end-users. For more comprehensive instructions, refer to the ScreenCasting page.

18.6. 通过插件的扩展支持

Most of the media players in Fedora support the use of plugins to add support for additional media formats and sound output systems. Some use powerful backends like the gstreamer package to handle media format support and sound output. Fedora offers plugin packages for these backends and for individual applications, and third parties may offer additional plugins to add even greater capabilities.

19. 游戏和娱乐

[提示] 网上最新的发行注记

These release notes may be updated. To view the latest release notes for Fedora, visit:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

Fedora provides a selection of games that cover a variety of genres. Users can install a small package of games for GNOME (called gnome-games ) and KDE ( kdegames ). There are also many additional games that span every major genre available in the repositories.

The Fedora Project website features a section dedicated to games that details many of the available games, including overviews and installation instructions. For more information, refer to:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Games

For a list of other games that are available for installation, select ApplicationsAdd / Remove Software, or via the command line:

yum groupinfo "Games and Entertainment" 

要获取使用 yum 安装分类游戏软件包的帮助,请参考有效指南:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/yum/

20. 虚拟化

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These release notes may be updated. To view the latest release notes for Fedora, visit:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

Virtualization in Fedora 9 includes major changes, and new features, that continue to support the Xen and KVM platforms.

20.1. Kernel Integration Improvements

Previously, the Xen kernel was created by forward-porting Xen bits from the 2.6.18 kernel into the current Fedora kernel. This task was arduous and labor intensive, and resulted in the Xen kernel being several releases behind the bare-metal kernel. The inclusion of paravirt ops now makes this process unnecessary. Once paravirt ops is merged upstream, Xen will no longer require a separate kernel.

Fullyvirtualized Linux guests now have 3 possible installation methods:

  • PXE boot from the network.

  • Local CDROM drive / ISO image.

  • Network install from a FTP/HTTP/NFS hosted distribution tree.

The latter allows for fully automated installation through the use of kickstart files. This provides parity between Xen HVM and KVM guests in terms of installation methods.

For more information refer to: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/XenFullvirtKernelBoot.

20.2. Improved Storage Management

Previously, Fedora introduced the ability to manage existing guest domains remotely using libvirt . It was not possible to create new guests due to the lack of storage management capabilities. In Fedora 9, new storage management can create and delete storage volumes from a remote host using libvirt .

20.3. PolicyKit Integration

Previously, the virt-manager application ran as root when managing a local hypervisor, and used consolehelper to authenticate from a desktop session. Running GTK applications as root is bad practice. PolicyKit integration now permits running virt-manager as a regular user.

20.4. Improved Remote Authentication

Previously, Fedora introduced support for secure remote management using TLS/SSL, and x509 certificates. Fedora 9 improves remote management capabilities by adding support for authentication by password database, Kerberos domain controller, or system authentication using PAM. This feature applies to all tools using libvirt .

20.5. Other Improvements

Fedora也包含了下列虚拟化改进

  • a new P2V tool, shipping as a Live CD, for converting a bare-metal install to a virtual guest

  • a new tool, xenner, for running Xen-paravirtual kernels on top of KVM

  • storage and network paravirtual-drivers for KVM guests

  • full support for monitoring network and block statistics of QEMU and KVM in libvirt and virt-top , bringing parity with statistics monitoring, previously only available to Xen guests

21. X 窗口系统 (图形界面)

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These release notes may be updated. To view the latest release notes for Fedora, visit:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

This section contains information related to the X Window System implementation, X.Org, provided with Fedora.

21.1. Faster X Start-up and Shutdown

Fedora 9 features a number of changes designed to make X faster in starting and shutting down and to make other improvements. Full details of the project can be found through this feature page:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/OneSecondX.

21.2. X 配置的变动

The X.Org 1.4.99 X server has been modified to automatically detect and configure most hardware, eliminating the need to modify the /etc/X11/xorg.conf configuration file. The only hardware configured by default in the xorg.conf configuration file written by Anaconda is:

  • 显卡驱动,和

  • 键盘映射

All other hardware, such as monitors (both LCD and CRT), USB mice, and touchpads, should be detected and configured automatically.

The X server queries the attached monitor for supported resolution ranges, and attempts to pick the highest resolution available with the correct aspect ratio for the display. Set the preferred resolution in SystemPreferencesScreen Resolution, and the default resolution for the system in SystemAdministrationDisplay.

If the /etc/X11/xorg.conf configuration file is not present, X automatically detects the appropriate driver, and assumes a 105-key US keyboard layout.

21.3. Intel 驱动注意

Fedora 9 包含两种 Intel 集成图形控制器驱动:

  • The default i810 driver, which contains support for Intel graphic chipsets up to and including i945 and i965.

  • The experimental intel driver, which contains support for Intel graphic chipsets up to and including i945.

The i810 driver is limited to resolutions available in the BIOS. For support for non-standard resolutions, such as those used in certain widescreen displays, use the intel driver. Switch drivers by running the system-config-display command, which is also available in the menu under SystemAdministrationDisplay.

We welcome feedback on the experimental intel driver. Please report success in Bugzilla, attaching the full output of the lspci -vn command for your machine. Given success reports, various chipsets may be switched to use the intel driver by default.

21.4. 第三方显卡驱动

Refer to the Xorg third-party drivers page for detailed guidelines on using third-party video drivers.

22. 数据库服务器

[提示] 网上最新的发行注记

These release notes may be updated. To view the latest release notes for Fedora, visit:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

22.1. MySQL

Fedora now provides MySQL 5.0.51.a. For a list of the enhancements provided by this version, refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/mysql-nutshell.html.

从过去版本的 MySQL 数据库升级,请参考 MySQL 网站文档 http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/upgrade.html

22.1.1. DBD 驱动

MySQL DBD驱动已经有双重许可证,监听相关的问题也已经解决。(https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=222237)。apr-util-mysql软件包现在包含在 Fedora 软件仓库中。

22.2. PostgreSQL

This release of Fedora includes PostgreSQL 8.3.0. For more information on this new version, refer to http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.3/static/release-8-3.html.

[重要] 升级数据库

Before upgrading an existing Fedora system with a PostgreSQL database, check and then follow, if necessary, the procedure described at http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.3/interactive/install-upgrading.html. Otherwise the data may be not accessible by the new version of PostgreSQL.

23. 国际化(Internationalization,i18n)

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These release notes may be updated. To view the latest release notes for Fedora, visit:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

这一节包含 Fedora 中多语种支持相关的信息。

23.1. 语言覆盖程度

Fedora features a variety of software which is translated in many languages. For a list of languages refer to the translation statistics for Anaconda, which is one of the core software applications in Fedora.

23.1.1. 支持语言安装

To install additional language support from the Languages group, use ApplicationsAdd/Remove Software, or run this command:

su -c "yum groupinstall 语言-support"

In the command above, language is one of assamese, bengali, chinese, gujarati, hindi, japanese, kannada, korean, malayalam, marathi, oriya, punjabi, sinhala, tamil, thai, or telegu.

SCIM users upgrading from earlier releases of Fedora are strongly urged to install scim-bridge-gtk . This application works well with third-party C++ applications linked against older versions of libstdc++ .

To add SCIM support to input a particular language, install scim-lang-LANG , where LANG is one of assamese, bengali, chinese, dhivehi, farsi, gujarati, hindi, japanese, kannada, korean, latin, malayalam, marathi, oriya, punjabi, sinhalese, tamil, telugu, thai, or tibetan.

23.1.2. Transifex

Transifex is Fedora's online tool to facilitate contributing translations to projects hosted on remote and disparate version control systems. Many of the core packages use Transifex to receive translations from numerous contributors.

Through a combination of new Web tools, community growth, and better processes, translators can contribute directly to any upstream project through one translator-oriented Web interface. Developers of projects with no existing translation community can easily reach out to Fedora's established community for translations. In turn, translators can reach out to numerous projects related to Fedora to easily contribute translations.

23.2. 字体

Fonts for all available languages are installed by default on the desktop to give good default language coverage. dejavu-fonts replaces dejavu-lgc-fonts as the default system font.

23.2.1. 中文字体

  • The wqy-zenkai-fonts package has been added.

23.2.2. 印地语字体

  • The samyak-fonts package has been added.

  • The sarai-fonts package has been added.

23.2.3. 日文字体

  • VLGothic-fonts is the new default font for Japanese in Fedora 9. It now has a subpackage VLGothic-fonts-proportional for its proportional version.

23.2.4. 尼泊尔字体

  • The madan-fonts package has been added.

23.2.5. 泰国字体

  • The thaifonts-scalable package has been added, making Thai TrueType fonts available in Fedora.

23.3. 输入法

It is now possible to start and stop the of Input Methods in GTK applications during runtime thanks to the new imsettings framework. The GTK_IM_MODULE environment variable is no longer needed by default but can still be used to override the imsettings.

23.3.1. im-chooser

With the new imsettings framework, im-chooser can now start and stop Input Method usage dynamically on the GNOME Desktop.

Input methods only start by default on desktops running in an Asian locale. The current list is: as, bn, gu, hi, ja, kn, ko, ml, mr, ne, or, pa, si, ta, te, th, ur, vi, zh. Use im-chooser via SystemPreferencesPersonalInput Method to enable or disable Input method usage on your desktop.

23.3.2. Qt immodules

Currently QT 4 does not yet support immodules other than XIM.

23.3.3. SCIM hotkeys

SCIM now only defines trigger hotkeys for Asian languages as in the following table:

语言

触发热键

中文

Ctrl-Space

Indic

Ctrl-Space

日文

Zenkaku_Hankaku, Alt-`, or Ctrl-Space

韩文

Shift-Space, Hangul, or Ctrl-Space

表 1. Hotkeys


23.3.4. scim-python

This release adds the scim-python package, which allows writing Input Method Engines for SCIM in python.

23.3.5. scim-python-chinese

The scim-python package also includes a subpackage scim-python-pinyin that provides PinYin and ShuangPin Input Methods for improved input of Simplified Chinese. The PinYin Input Method replaces scim-pinyin as the default input method for Simplified Chinese. The scim-python-xingma package provides a number of tables for other Chinese input methods.

24. 向后兼容

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These release notes may be updated. To view the latest release notes for Fedora, visit:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

Fedora provides legacy system libraries for compatibility with older software. This software is part of the Legacy Software Development group, which is not installed by default. Users who require this functionality may select this group either during installation or after the installation process is complete. To install the package group on a Fedora system, use ApplicationsAdd/Remove Software or enter the following command in a terminal window:

su -c "yum groupinstall 'Legacy Software Development'"

提示时输入 root 密码。

24.1. 编译器兼容性

软件包 compat-gcc-34 包含在内,以处理兼容性问题:

https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-devel-list/2006-August/msg00409.html

24.2. KDE 3 Development Platform / Libraries

Fedora now features KDE 4.0, and no longer offers KDE 3 as a full desktop environment. Fedora does provide the following KDE 3.5 library packages to run and build the many existing KDE 3 applications:

  • qt3 , qt3-devel (and other qt3-* packages): Qt 3.3.8b

  • kdelibs3 , kdelibs3-devel : KDE 3 libraries

  • kdebase3 , kdebase3-devel : KDE 3 core files required by some applications

In addition, Fedora offers a kdegames3 package that includes games not ported to KDE 4 yet, and a KDE 3 version of libkdegames required by some third-party KDE 3 games.

Moreover, the KDE 4 kdebase-runtime package, which provides khelpcenter , also sets up khelpcenter as a service for KDE 3 applications, so help in KDE 3 applications works. The KDE 3 version of khelpcenter is no longer provided, and the KDE 4 version is used instead.

这些软件包被设计用来:

  • 满足文件系统层次结构标准(FHS),以及

  • be completely safe to install in parallel with KDE 4, including the -devel packages.

In order to achieve this goal, Fedora KDE SIG members have made two changes to the KDE 4 kdelibs-devel packages:

  • The library symlinks are installed to /usr/lib/kde4/devel or /usr/lib64/kde4/devel depending on system architecture.

  • The kconfig_compiler and makekdewidgets tools have been renamed kconfig_compiler4 and makekdewidgets4 , respectively.

These changes should be completely transparent to the vast majority of KDE 4 applications that use cmake to build, since FindKDE4Internal.cmake has been patched to match these changes. The KDE SIG made these changes to the KDE 4 kdelibs-devel rather than to kdelibs3-devel because KDE 4 stores these locations in a central place, whereas KDE 3 applications usually contain hardcoded copies of the library search paths and executable names.

Note that kdebase3 does not include the following:

  • A complete KDE 3 desktop (workspace) which could be used instead of KDE 4; in particular, KDE 3 versions of KWin, KDesktop, Kicker, KSplash and KControl are not included.

  • The KDE 3 versions of kdebase applications such as Konqueror and KWrite, which are redundant with the KDE 4 versions and would conflict with them.

  • The libkdecorations library required for KWin 3 window decorations, as those window decorations cannot be used in the KDE 4 version of KWin.

  • The libkickermain library required by some Kicker applets, as there is no Kicker in Fedora 9 and thus Kicker applets cannot be used.

[小心] Developing against the legacy API is discouraged

As with any backwards-compatibility library, developing new software against the legacy API is discouraged.

25. 软件包改变

For a list of packages that were updated since the previous release, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Beats/PackageChanges/UpdatedPackages. You can also find a comparison of major packages between all Fedora versions at http://distrowatch.com/fedora.

26. Fedora 项目

Fedora 项目的目的是与 Linux 社区一起构建一个完整的,通用的操作系统,仅由自由软件构成。Fedora 项目是由贡献者个人驱动的。作为测试者,开发者,文档作者或译者,你可以改变它。要加入 Fedora 项目请访问 http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/zh_CN/Join。关于 Fedora 用户和贡献者的交流渠道,请访问 http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/zh_CN/Communicate

Fedora 项目是由贡献者推动的。作为测试者,开发者,文档作者或翻译人员,您能让它与众不同。请访问 http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/zh_CN/Join。关于 Fedora 用户与贡献者的交流通道,请访问 http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/zh_CN/Communicate

在网站之外,还可以使用下列邮件列表:

要订阅任何邮件列表,以 "subscribe" 为主题,发送邮件到 <listname>-request,这里 <listname> 是上面邮件列表的名字之一。或者,也可以在网页上订阅,位置是 http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/

Fedora 项目也使用多个 IRC (Internet Relay Chat) 频道。IRC 是一个实时的,文本的交流形式。使用 IRC,您可以在一个开放的频道中与多人同时会话,也可以私下一对一地与某个人交谈。要通过 IRC 与其他 Fedora 项目贡献者,首先连接到 Freenode IRC 网络。请参考 Freenode 网站上的指引,位置是 http://www.freenode.net/

Fedora 项目参与者通常访问 Freenode 网络的 #fedora 频道,而 Fedora Project 开发者总可以在 #fedora-devel 频道找到。一些大型项目也会有自己的频道;可以在项目网站找到,还可以访问网页 http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/zh_CN/Communicate

为了在 #fedora 频道交谈,您需要注册一个昵称 (nick)。当您第一次 /join 这个频道时,将看到指令。

[注意] IRC 频道

Fedora 项目和 Red Hat 对 Fedora 项目 IRC 频道及其内容没有控制权。

27. 文档题署

我们使用 colophon (题署)这个词的含义在于:

  • 承认贡献者的努力,同时提供负责制度,以及

  • 解释工具及创建过程。

27.1. 贡献者

... 以及大量的翻译人员。请参考发行注记的网络更新版本,发布后将包含译者名单。

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

27.2. 工作方式

区块作者直接在 Fedora 项目的 Wiki 中撰写发行注记。他们在 Fedora 测试过程中与其他同主题的专家合作,解释重要的变化和增强。编辑团队保证最终文档的一致性以及品质,然后将 Wiki 内容导出为 DocBook XML,存入版本控制仓库。其后,在翻译团队帮助下,生成其他版本的发行注记,将它们作为 Fedora 的一部分被公众获得。发布团队也生成它们以及后续的修正版本,供网络访问之用。