Fedora Uitgave Informatie

Fedora Documentation Project

Version 6.0.0 (2006-09-24)

This document is released under the terms of the Open Publication License. For more details, read the full legalnotice in Paragraaf 3, “Legal Notice”.

[Tip] Latest Release Notes on the Web

These release notes may be updated. Visit http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/release-notes/ to view the latest release notes for Fedora Core.

Wijzigingen
Herziening 6.0.0 2006-09-24

Nieuwe versie ingediend voor definitieve uitgave

Herziening 5.92 2006-09-05

Nieuwe versie ingediend voor test3

Herziening 5.91.2 2006-08-13

Nieuwe wiki snapshot gemaakt voor Web uitgave

Herziening 5.91.1 2006-08-10

Copyright-informatie gecorrigeerd

Herziening 5.91 2006-07-13

Versienummer op een lijn gebracht met de realiteit

Herziening 0.5.9.1 2006-07-11

FC6 test2 vrijgegeven voor vertaling


1. Welkom bij Fedora
2. Uitgave Hoogtepunten
2.1. Fedora Tour
2.2. Nieuw in Fedora
2.2.1. Desktop
2.2.2. Prestaties
2.2.3. Systeembeheer
2.3. Ontwikkelplan
3. Legal Notice
4. Feedback
4.1. Providing Feedback on Fedora Software
4.2. Providing Feedback on Release Notes
5. Installatie opmerkingen
5.1. Veranderingen in Anaconda
5.2. Kickstart Veranderingen
5.3. Installatie-gerelateerde problemen
5.3.1. Sony VAIO Notebooks
5.3.2. IDE RAID
5.3.3. Multiple NICs and PXE Installation
5.3.4. Compaq DL360 met Smart Array
5.4. Upgrade Related Issues
6. Architecture Specific Notes
6.1. RPM multiarch support on 64-bit platforms (x86_64, ppc64)
6.2. PPC Specifics for Fedora
6.2.1. Hardware-vereisten voor PPC
6.2.2. 4 KiB Pages on 64-bit machines
6.2.3. Het Apple toetsenbord
6.2.4. PPC installatie opmerkingen
6.3. x86 Specifics for Fedora
6.3.1. Hardware-vereisten voor x86
6.4. x86_64 Specifics for Fedora
6.4.1. Hardware-vereisten voor x86_64
7. Fedora Live Images
7.1. Beschikbare Images
7.2. Gebruiksinformatie
7.3. Other Methods of Booting
7.4. Differences From a Regular Fedora Install
8. Pakketopmerkingen
8.1. Licentie-audit
8.2. System Tools
8.2.1. apcupsd
8.3. Engineering and Scientific
8.3.1. paraview
9. Linux Kernel
9.1. Versie
9.2. Veranderingen
9.3. Kernel versies
9.4. Rapporteren van bugs
9.5. Following Generic Textbooks
9.6. Voorbereiden op kernel ontwikkeling
9.7. Het bouwen van alleen kernel-modules
10. Fedora Desktop
10.1. Localized Common User Directories (xdg-user-dirs)
10.2. Software-beheer
10.3. GNOME
10.4. Web Browsers
10.5. Mail Clients
11. Bestandssystemen
12. Web Servers
13. Mail Servers
13.1. exim-sa
14. Ontwikkeling
14.1. Hulpmiddelen
14.1.1. GCC Compiler Collectie
14.1.2. Eclipse
15. Beveiliging
15.1. Algemene informatie
15.1.1. SELinux
16. Java en java-gcj-compat
16.1. Omgaan met Java en Java-achtige pakketten
16.2. Omgaan met Java applets
16.3. Fedora en de JPackage Java pakketten
16.4. Maven (v2)
17. Multimedia
17.1. Multimedia afspeelprogramma's
17.1.1. Codec Buddy
17.2. Ogg en Xiph.Org Foundation formaten
17.3. MP3, DVD en andere uitgesloten multimedia-formaten
17.4. CD's en DVD's schrijven en branden
17.5. Screencasts
17.6. Uitgebreide ondersteuning door middel van plugins
18. Spelletjes en Vermaak
18.1. Haxima
19. Virtualisatie
19.1. Soorten Virtualisatie
19.2. Guest-Besturingssystemen
19.3. Veranderingen aan de Xen pakketten
20. X Window System (Grafisch)
20.1. X Configuratie Wijzigingen
20.2. Intel Driver Opmerkingen
20.3. Third Party Video Drivers
21. Database Servers
21.1. MySQL
21.1.1. DBD-stuurprogramma
21.2. PostgreSQL
22. Internationalisatie (i18n)
22.1. Invoermethoden
22.1.1. Taal installatie
22.2. M17n Veranderingen
23. Backwards Compatibility
23.1. Compiler Compatibiliteit
24. Pakketveranderingen
25. Fedora Legacy - Community Maintenance Project
26. Fedora Project
27. Colophon
27.1. Medewerkers
27.2. Production Methods

1. Welkom bij Fedora

The Fedora Project is a Red Hat sponsored and community supported open source project. Its goal is the rapid progress of free and open source software and content. The Fedora Project makes use of public forums, open processes, rapid innovation, meritocracy, and transparency in pursuit of the best operating system and platform that free and open source software can provide.

[Tip] Nieuwste release notes op het web

Deze release notes kunnen bijgewerkt zijn. Bezoek http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ om de nieuwste release notes voor Fedora te bekijken.

U kunt de Fedora Project gemeenschap helpen met het verbeteren van Fedora als u bug-meldingen en aanvragen voor verbeteringen indient. Ga naar http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/BugsAndFeatureRequests voor meer informatie over bugs. Dank u voor uw medewerking.

Om meer generieke informatie over Fedora te vinden, ga naar de volgende web-pagina's:

[Opmerking] Document-koppelingen

Many links may not work properly from within the installation environment, due to resource constraints. The release notes are also available post-installation as part of the desktop Web browser's default home page. If you are connected to the internet, use these links to find other helpful information about Fedora and the community that creates and supports it.

2. Uitgave Hoogtepunten

2.1. Fedora Tour

U kunt een tour vinden vol met afbeeldingen en videos van deze opwindende nieuwe uitgave op http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Tours/Fedora7.

2.2. Nieuw in Fedora

Deze uitgave bevat significante nieuwe versies van vele belangrijke componenten en technologieën. De volgende secties geven een kort overzicht van belangrijke veranderingen ten opzichte van de vorige uitgave van Fedora.

2.2.1. Desktop

2.2.2. Prestaties

  • In deze uitgave zijn de prestaties van yum, Pirut en Pup aanzienlijk verbeterd.

2.2.3. Systeembeheer

  • Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) technology has been integrated with the Fedora graphical virtualization manager tool, virt-manager. KVM provides a full virtualization solution, and users have a choice between KVM and Xen, along with Qemu, in this release. More on KVM:

    http://virt.kernelnewbies.org/HypervisorVsLinuxBased

2.3. Ontwikkelplan

De voorgestelde plannen voor de volgende uitgave van Fedora zijn beschikbaar op http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/RoadMap.

3. Legal Notice

Copyright (c) 2006 by Red Hat, Inc. and others. This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0, available at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/.

Garrett LeSage created the admonition graphics (note, tip, important, caution, and warning). Tommy Reynolds created the callout graphics. They all may be freely redistributed with documentation produced for the Fedora Project.

FEDORA, FEDORA PROJECT, and the Fedora Logo are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., are registered or pending registration in the U.S. and other countries, and are used here under license to the Fedora Project.

Red Hat and the Red Hat "Shadow Man" logo are registered trademarks of Red Hat Inc. in the United States and other countries.

All other trademarks and copyrights referred to are the property of their respective owners.

Documentation, as with software itself, may be subject to export control. Read about Fedora Project export controls at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal/Export.

4. Feedback

Thank you for taking the time to provide your comments, suggestions, and bug reports to the Fedora community. By doing so, you help improve the state of Fedora, Linux, and free software worldwide.

4.1. Providing Feedback on Fedora Software

To provide feedback on Fedora software or other system elements, please refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/BugsAndFeatureRequests. A list of commonly reported bugs and known issues for this release is available from http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Bugs/F7Common.

4.2. Providing Feedback on Release Notes

[Belangrijk] Feedback for Release Notes Only

This section concerns feedback on the release notes themselves.

If you feel these release notes could be improved in any way, you can provide your feedback directly to the beat writers. Here are several ways to do so, in order of preference:

  1. If you have a Fedora account, edit content directly at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Beats

  2. Fill out a bug request using this template: http://tinyurl.com/nej3u - This link is ONLY for feedback on the release notes themselves. Refer to the admonition above for details.

  3. E-mail relnotes@fedoraproject.org

5. Installatie opmerkingen

[Belangrijk] Fedora Installation Guide

To learn how to install Fedora, refer to http://docs.fedoraproject.org/install-guide/.

[Tip] Installation issues not covered in these release notes

If you encounter a problem or have a question during installation that is not covered in these relese notes, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FAQ and http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Bugs/Common.

Anaconda is de naam van het Fedora installatieprogramma. Deze sectie bevat zaken die gerelateerd zijn aan Anaconda en het installeren van Fedora 7.

[Opmerking] Downloaden van grote bestanden

If you intend to download the Fedora DVD ISO image, keep in mind that not all file downloading tools can accommodate files larger than 2 GiB in size. Tools without this limitation include wget 1.9.1-16 and above, curl, and ncftpget. BitTorrent is another method for downloading large files. For information about obtaining and using the torrent file, refer to http://torrent.fedoraproject.org/.

Anaconda tests the integrity of installation media by default. This function works with the CD, DVD, hard drive ISO, and NFS ISO installation methods. The Fedora Project recommends that you test all installation media before starting the installation process and before reporting any installation-related bugs. Many of the bugs reported are actually due to improperly-burned CDs. To use this test, type linux mediacheck at the boot: prompt.

The mediacheck function is highly sensitive, and may report some usable discs as faulty. This result is often caused by disc writing software that does not include padding when creating discs from ISO files. For best results with mediacheck, boot with the following option:

linux ide=nodma mediacheck 

Nadat u de mediacheck functie succesvol hebt afgerond, herstart u om de DMA-modus terug te laten keren naar zijn normale status. Op veel systemen zorgt dit voor een sneller installatieproces vanaf schijf. Bij een herstart kunt u deze mediacheck functie dan overslaan.

[Belangrijk] BitTorrent verifiëert automatisch de bestandsintegriteit

If you use BitTorrent, any files you download are automatically validated. If your file completes downloading, you do not need to check it. Once you burn your CD, however, you should still use mediacheck.

You may perform memory testing before you install Fedora by entering memtest86 at the boot: prompt. This option runs the Memtest86 stand alone memory testing software in place of Anaconda. Memtest86 memory testing continues until the Esc key is pressed.

[Opmerking] Memtest86 beschikbaarheid

U moet van installatie CD 1 of een rescue CD opstarten om gebruik te maken van deze mogelijkheid.

Fedora 7 supports graphical FTP and HTTP installations. However, the installer image must either fit in RAM or appear on local storage, such as Installation Disc 1. Therefore, only systems with more than 192MiB of RAM, or which boot from Installation Disc 1, can use the graphical installer. Systems with 192MiB RAM or less fall back to using the text-based installer automatically. If you prefer to use the text-based installer, type linux text at the boot: prompt.

5.1. Veranderingen in Anaconda

  • New artwork for the installer.

  • Anaconda now features the ability to install packages from any yum-compatible software repository.

[Opmerking] Yum Repository Support

Enkel HTTP en FTP-repositories zijn ondersteund; repositories op CD's of NFS zijn momenteel niet ondersteund.

  • Anaconda uses SquashFS to compress and store packages on images.

  • Anaconda ondersteunt nu installatie via IPv6.

  • Anaconda now supports installation from FireWire and USB storage devices.

  • Anaconda's backend, yum, is bijgewerkt naar 3.0.x.

  • Het installatieprogramma biedt verbeterde ondersteuning voor de ppc64 architectuur.

  • Het installatieprogramma heeft nu ondersteuning voor Apple Macintosh systemen met Intel processors.

  • Het installatieprogramma heeft nu ondersteuning voor multipathing.

  • Het Vera lettertype wordt niet meer gebruikt en is vervangen door DejaVu als standaard lettertype voor het installatieprogramma.

  • Het installatieprogramma is nu vertaald in het Grieks, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi en Oriya.

5.2. Kickstart Veranderingen

Drie nieuwe kickstart trefwoorden zijn toegevoegd.

repo --name=<repoid> [--baseurl=<url>|--mirrorlist=<url>]

The keyword repo specifies additional package repositories to use for installation. The parameter baseurl specifies the URL for the repository, while mirrorlist specifies a list of mirrors. One and only one of these options may be specified per repository definition.

services [--disabled=<list>] [--enabled=<list>]

The keyword services modifies the default set of services that are started in the default runlevel. The parameters enabled and disabled take comma-separated lists, with enabled services taking priority.

user --name=<username> [--groups=<list>] [--homedir=<homedir>] [--password=<password>] [--iscrypted] [--shell=<shell>] [--uid=<uid>]

The keyword user creates a new user with the specified parameters. The parameter name is required; all other parameters are optional.

More documentation on kickstart is available in the anaconda package. To install it, run the command su -c 'yum install anaconda' and read the /usr/share/doc/anaconda*/kickstart-docs.txt file for more information.

5.3. Installatie-gerelateerde problemen

5.3.1. Sony VAIO Notebooks

Some Sony VAIO notebook systems may experience problems installing Fedora from CD-ROM. If this happens, restart the installation process and add the following option to the boot command line:

pci=off ide1=0x180,0x386 

Installation should proceed normally, and any devices not detected are configured the first time Fedora is booted.

5.3.2. IDE RAID

Not all IDE RAID controllers are supported. If your RAID controller is not yet supported by dmraid, you may combine drives into RAID arrays by configuring Linux software RAID. For supported controllers, configure the RAID functions in the computer BIOS.

5.3.3. Multiple NICs and PXE Installation

Some servers with multiple network interfaces may not assign eth0 to the first network interface as BIOS knows it, which can cause the installer to try using a different network interface than was used by PXE. To change this behavior, use the following in pxelinux.cfg/* config files:

IPAPPEND 2 
APPEND ksdevice=bootif

The configuration options above causes the installer to use the same network interface as BIOS and PXE use. You can also use the following option:

ksdevice=link 

This option causes the installer to use the first network device it finds that is linked to a network switch.

5.3.4. Compaq DL360 met Smart Array

If you have difficulties with this installation not detecting the Smart Array card, try entering linux isa on the installer prompt. This lets you manually select the card.

5.4. Upgrade Related Issues

Refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/DistributionUpgrades for detailed recommended procedures for upgrading Fedora.

In general, fresh installations are recommended over upgrades, particularly for systems that include software from third-party repositories. Third-party packages remaining from a previous installation may not work as expected on an upgraded Fedora system. If you decide to perform an upgrade anyway, the following information may be helpful:

  • Before you upgrade, back up the system completely. In particular, preserve /etc, /home, and possibly /opt and /usr/local if customized packages are installed there. You may wish to use a multi-boot approach with a "clone" of the old installation on alternate partition(s) as a fallback. In that case, create alternate boot media, such as a GRUB boot floppy.

    [Tip] System Configuration Backups

    Backups of configurations in /etc are also useful in reconstructing system settings after a fresh installation.

  • After you complete the upgrade, run the following command:

  • rpm -qa --last > RPMS_by_Install_Time.txt 
    

    Inspect the end of the output for packages that pre-date the upgrade. Remove or upgrade those packages from third-party repositories, or otherwise deal with them as necessary.

6. Architecture Specific Notes

Deze sectie bevat specifieke opmerkingen voor de ondersteunde hardware architecturen van Fedora.

6.1. RPM multiarch support on 64-bit platforms (x86_64, ppc64)

RPM supports parallel installation of multiple architectures of the same package. A default package listing such as rpm -qa might appear to include duplicate packages, since the architecture is not displayed. Instead, use the repoquery command, part of the yum-utils package in Fedora Extras, which displays architecture by default. To install yum-utils, run the following command:

su -c 'yum install yum-utils'

To list all packages with their architecture using rpm, run the following command:

rpm -qa --queryformat "%{name}-%{version}-%{release}.%{arch}\n"

You can add this to /etc/rpm/macros (for a system wide setting) or ~/.rpmmacros (for a per-user setting). It changes the default query to list the architecture:

%_query_all_fmt      %%{name}-%%{version}-%%{release}.%%{arch}

6.2. PPC Specifics for Fedora

Deze sectie behandeld specifieke informatie over Fedora en het PPC hardware-platform.

6.2.1. Hardware-vereisten voor PPC

6.2.1.1. Processor en geheugen
  • Minimaal benodigde CPU: PowerPC G3 / POWER3

  • Fedora 7 supports only the "New World" generation of Apple Power Macintosh, shipped from circa 1999 onward.

  • Fedora 7 heeft ook ondersteuning voor IBM pSeries, IBM iSeries, IBM RS/6000, Genesi Pegasos II en IBM Cell Broadband Engine machines.

  • Fedora 7 includes new hardware support for Genesi Efika, and for the Sony PlayStation 3.

  • Aanbevolen voor tekst modus: 233 MHz G3 of beter, 128MiB RAM.

  • Aanbevolen voor grafische modus: 400 MHz G3 of beter, 256MiB RAM.

6.2.1.2. Hard disk space

De harde schijfruimte vereisten zoals hieronder vermeld hebben betrekking op de schijfruimte opgenomen door Fedora 7 nadat de installatie voltooid is. Echter, tijdens de installatie is er extra schijfruimte nodig om de installatieomgeving te ondersteunen. Deze extra schijfruimte komt overeen met de grootte van /Fedora/base/stage2.img (op installatie CD 1) plus de grootte van de bestanden in /var/lib/rpm op het geïnstalleerde systeem.

In practical terms, additional space requirements may range from as little as 90 MiB for a minimal installation to as much as an additional 175 MiB for an "everything" installation. The complete packages can occupy over 9 GB of disk space.

Extra ruimte is ook benodigd voor gebruikersgegevens, en tenminste 5% vrije ruimte zou aangehouden moeten worden voor een normale systeemoperatie.

6.2.2. 4 KiB Pages on 64-bit machines

After a brief experiment with 64KiB pages in Fedora Core 6, the PowerPC64 kernel has now been switched back to 4KiB pages. The installer should reformat any swap partitions automatically during an upgrade.

6.2.3. Het Apple toetsenbord

The Option key on Apple systems is equivalent to the Alt key on the PC. Where documentation and the installer refer to the Alt key, use the Option key. For some key combinations you may need to use the Option key in conjunction with the Fn key, such as Option-Fn-F3 to switch to virtual terminal tty3.

6.2.4. PPC installatie opmerkingen

Fedora installatie CD 1 kan opstarten op ondersteunde hardware. Tevens staat er een opstartbare CD-image in de images/ map van deze CD. Deze images gedragen zich verschillend naargelang uw systeem-hardware:

  • On most machines, the bootloader automatically boots the appropriate 32-bit or 64-bit installer from the install disc. The default gnome-power-manager package includes power management support, including sleep and backlight level management. Users with more complex requirements can use the apmud package. To install apmud after installation, use the following command:

    su -c 'yum install apmud'
  • 64-bit IBM pSeries (POWER4/POWER5), huidige iSeries modellen. After using OpenFirmware to boot the CD, the bootloader, yaboot, automatically boots the 64-bit installer.

  • IBM "Legacy" iSeries (POWER4).  So-called "Legacy" iSeries models, which do not use OpenFirmware, require use of the boot image located in the images/iSeries directory of the installation tree.

  • 32-bit CHRP (IBM RS/6000 en anderen).  After using OpenFirmware to boot the CD, select the linux32 boot image at the boot: prompt to start the 32-bit installer. Otherwise, the 64-bit installer starts and fails.

  • Genesi Pegasos II. Op dit moment is de firmware met volledige ondersteuning voor ISO9660-bestandssystemen nog niet vrijgekomen voor de Pegasos. U kunt echter wel het netwerk boot-image gebruiken. In de OpenFirmware prompt, tik het volgende commando:

    boot cd: /images/netboot/ppc32.img

    You must also configure OpenFirmware on the Pegasos manually to make the installed Fedora system bootable. To do this, set the boot-device and boot-file environment variables appropriately.

  • Genesi Efika.  At the time of writing, the firmware of the Efika has bugs which prevent correct operation of the yaboot bootloader. An updated firmware should be available by April 2007, in advance of the release of Fedora 7. With a fixed firmware, installation on Efika should be the same as on Pegasos II.

  • Sony PlayStation 3.  For installation on PlayStation 3, first update to firmware 1.60 or later. The "Other OS" boot loader must be installed into the flash, following the instructions at http://www.playstation.com/ps3-openplatform/manual.html. At the time of writing, a Fedora-specific boot loader is not yet available; by the time of the release of Fedora 7 this lack should be remedied.

  • Opstarten via het netwerk. Gecombineerde images die de kernel en ramdisk van het installatieprogramma bevatten bevinden zich in de map images/netboot/ van de installatie CD. Ze zijn bedoeld om te booten vanaf het netwerk met TFTP, maar kunnen op vele manieren gebruikt worden.

    The yaboot loader supports TFTP booting for IBM pSeries and Apple Macintosh. The Fedora Project encourages the use of yaboot over the netboot images.

6.3. x86 Specifics for Fedora

Deze sectie behandeld specifieke informatie over Fedora en het x86 hardware-platform.

6.3.1. Hardware-vereisten voor x86

Om specifieke eigenschappen van Fedora 7 tijdens of na de installatie te gebruiken, is het handig dat u details kent van andere hardware-componenten zoals video- en netwerkkaarten.

6.3.1.1. Processor en geheugen

The following CPU specifications are stated in terms of Intel processors. Other processors, such as those from AMD, Cyrix, and VIA that are compatible with and equivalent to the following Intel processors, may also be used with Fedora.

Fedora 7 vereist een Intel Pentium (of een betere) processor en is geoptimaliseerd voor Pentium 4 en nieuwere processoren.

  • Aanbevolen voor tekst modus: 200 MHz Pentium-klasse of beter

  • Aanbevolen voor grafische modus: 400 MHz Pentium II of beter

  • Minimale hoeveelheid benodigde RAM voor tekst modus: 128MiB

  • Minimale hoeveelheid benodigde RAM voor grafische modus: 192MiB

  • Aanbevolen hoeveelheid RAM voor grafische modus: 256MiB

6.3.1.2. Hard disk space

The disk space requirements listed below represent the disk space taken up by Fedora 7 after the installation is complete. However, additional disk space is required during the installation to support the installation environment. This additional disk space corresponds to the size of /Fedora/base/stage2.img on Installation Disc 1 plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm on the installed system.

In practical terms, additional space requirements may range from as little as 90 MiB for a minimal installation to as much as an additional 175 MiB for an "everything" installation. The complete packages can occupy over 9 GB of disk space.

Extra ruimte is ook benodigd voor gebruikersgegevens, en tenminste 5% vrije ruimte zou aangehouden moeten worden voor een normale systeemoperatie.

6.4. x86_64 Specifics for Fedora

Deze sectie behandeld specifieke informatie over Fedora en het x86_64 hardware-platform.

6.4.1. Hardware-vereisten voor x86_64

Om specifieke eigenschappen van Fedora 7 tijdens of na de installatie te gebruiken, is het handig dat u details kent van andere hardware-componenten zoals video- en netwerkkaarten.

6.4.1.1. Geheugen-vereisten voor x86_64
  • Minimale hoeveelheid benodigde RAM voor tekst modus: 128MiB

  • Minimale hoeveelheid benodigde RAM voor grafische modus: 256MiB

  • Aanbevolen hoeveelheid RAM voor grafische modus: 512MiB

6.4.1.2. Hard disk space requirements for x86_64

The disk space requirements listed below represent the disk space taken up by Fedora 7 after the installation is complete. However, additional disk space is required during the installation to support the installation environment. This additional disk space corresponds to the size of /Fedora/base/stage2.img on Installation Disc 1 plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm on the installed system.

In practical terms, additional space requirements may range from as little as 90 MiB for a minimal installation to as much as an additional 175 MiB for an "everything" installation. The complete packages can occupy over 9 GB of disk space.

Extra ruimte is ook benodigd voor gebruikersgegevens, en tenminste 5% vrije ruimte zou aangehouden moeten worden voor een normale systeemoperatie.

7. Fedora Live Images

The Fedora release includes several live ISO images in addition to the traditional installation images. These ISO images are bootable, and you can burn them to media and use them to try out Fedora. They also include a feature that allows you to install the live CD content to your hard drive for persistence and higher performance.

These images are also available for test releases, to allow easier testing of the Fedora test release.

7.1. Beschikbare Images

Er zijn drie live images beschikbaar voor Fedora 7.

  1. Fedora 7 i386 Desktop CD. This is a CD sized image for i386 machines. It has the default desktop environment (GNOME), support for all supported Fedora locales, and a basic set of the productivity applications available in Fedora.

  2. Fedora 7 x86_64 Desktop DVD. This is a DVD sized image for x86_64 machines. The package set is the same as that of the i386 Desktop CD.

  3. Fedora 7 i386 KDE CD. This is a CD sized image for i386 machines. It includes the KDE Desktop environment and a large set of KDE applications. Note that this image only has full support for English language.

7.2. Gebruiksinformatie

The live images should boot on any machine that supports booting from CD-ROM. Upon booting the CD, you can log in and use the desktop environment as the fedora user. After logging in, if you wish to install the contents of the live image to your hard drive, click on the Install to Hard Drive icon on the desktop.

7.3. Other Methods of Booting

Another way to use these live images is to put them on a USB stick. To do this, install the livecd-tools package from the development repository. Then, run the livecd-iso-to-stick script:

/usr/bin/livecd-iso-to-stick /path/to/live.iso /dev/sdb1 

Replace /dev/sdb1 with the partition where you want to put the image.

This is not a destructive process; any data you currently have on your USB stick is preserved.

7.4. Differences From a Regular Fedora Install

The following items are different from a normal Fedora install with the live images.

  • The sshd service is disabled, since the passwords on the live image are blank.

  • NetworkManager is enabled by default.

8. Pakketopmerkingen

De volgende secties bevatten informatie met betrekking tot de softwarepakketten die significante veranderingen hebben ondergaan voor Fedora 7. Voor een makkelijkere toegang zijn deze georganiseerd door gebruik te maken van dezelfde groepen die worden getoond in het installatieprogramma.

8.1. Licentie-audit

The Fedora Project Board initiated a licensing audit to ensure all software included in Fedora is compliant with the package licensing guidelines.

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FreeSoftwareAnalysis

8.2. System Tools

8.2.1. apcupsd

The apcupsd package has been upgraded to version 3.14.0. This version removes the old master/slave networking mode. Refer to the apcupsd release notes for more information.

http://sourceforge.net/project/shownotes.php?group_id=54413&release_id=485633

8.3. Engineering and Scientific

8.3.1. paraview

The mpi build and sub-package of paraview have been removed until cmake related build issues are resolved.

9. Linux Kernel

[Opmerking] Veronderstellingen gebaseerd op 2.6.21

This draft of the release notes assume that the final release of Fedora 2.6.21 is based on kernel 2.6.21. This is subject to change.

Deze sectie behandeld veranderingen en belangrijke informatie met betrekking tot de 2.6.21 gebaseerde kernel in Fedora 7. De 2.6.21 kernel bevat:

  • Ondersteuning voor KVM virtualisatie.

  • Tickless support for x86 32bit, which greatly improves power management. For the final release of Fedora 7, x86_64 should also be tickless.

  • The devicescape wireless network stack, which includes support for several new wireless drivers.

  • New IDE drivers that use the same libata code as the SATA drivers.

    [Opmerking] IDE-apparaatnamen veranderd

    The new IDE drivers now cause all IDE drives to have device names such as /dev/sdX instead of /dev/hdX.

  • Ondersteuning voor versie 2 van het Global File System (GFS2).

  • Some elements of the realtime kernel project.

  • Veel bug fixes en andere kleine verbeteringen.

  • Changelog for 2.6.21rc1 available here: http://lwn.net/Articles/223021/

9.1. Versie

Fedora kan additionele patches aan de kernel bevatten voor verbeteringen, bug fixes of additionele mogelijkheden. Vanwege deze redenen kan het zijn dat de Fedora kernel niet regel-voor-regel gelijk is aan de zogenaamde vanilla kernel afkomstig van de kernel.org web site:

http://www.kernel.org/

Om een lijst te verkrijgen van deze patches, download het source RPM pakket en voer het volgende commando uit:

rpm -qpl kernel-<version>.src.rpm 

9.2. Veranderingen

Om een lijst met veranderingen aan het pakket te verkrijgen, voer het volgende commando uit:

rpm -q --changelog kernel-<version> 

Als u een gebruikersvriendelijke versie nodig hebt van de lijst met veranderingen, zie http://wiki.kernelnewbies.org/LinuxChanges. Een korte en volledige 'diff' van de kernel is beschikbaar op http://kernel.org/git. De Fedora kernel versie is gebaseerd op de versie van Linus Torvalds.

Aanpassingen gemaakt voor de Fedora versie zijn beschikbaar op http://cvs.fedoraproject.org.

9.3. Kernel versies

Fedora 7 bevat de volgende kernel builds:

  • Native kernel, for use in most systems. Configured sources are available in the kernel-devel-<version>.<arch>.rpm package.

  • The kernel-PAE, for use in 32-bit x86 systems with > 4GB of RAM, or with CPUs that have an 'NX (No eXecute)' feature. This kernel support both uniprocessor and multi-processor systems.

  • Virtualization kernel for use with the Xen emulator package. Configured sources are available in the kernel-xen-devel-<version>.<arch>.rpm package.

  • The kdump kernel for use with kexec/kdump capabilities. Configured sources are available in the kernel-kdump-devel-<version>.<arch>.rpm package.

You may install kernel headers for all kernel flavors at the same time. The files are installed in the /usr/src/kernels/<version>-[PAE|xen|kdump]-<arch>/ tree. Use the following command:

su -c 'yum install kernel-{PAE,xen,kdump}-devel' 

Selecteer een of meer van deze versies, gescheiden door komma's zonder spaties. Voer het root-wachtwoord in wanneer daarom gevraagd wordt.

[Opmerking] 32bit Kernel Includes Kdump

The 32bit kernel is now relocatable, so kdump functionality is included. 64bit still requires installation of the -kdump kernel.

[Opmerking] Default Kernel Provides SMP

Er is geen afzonderlijke SMP kernel beschikbaar voor Fedora op het i386, x86_64 en ppc64 platform. Multiprocessor-ondersteuning wordt aangeboden door de standaard kernel.

[Opmerking] PowerPC kernel ondersteuning

Er is geen ondersteuning voor Xen of kdump voor de PowerPC architectuur in Fedora. De 32-bit PowerPC architectuur heeft nog wel een afzonderlijke SMP kernel.

9.4. Rapporteren van bugs

Refer to http://kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/lkml/reporting-bugs.html for information on reporting bugs in the Linux kernel. You may also use http://bugzilla.redhat.com for reporting bugs that are specific to Fedora.

9.5. Following Generic Textbooks

Many of the tutorials, examples, and textbooks about Linux kernel development assume the kernel sources are installed under the /usr/src/linux/ directory. If you make a symbolic link, as shown below, you should be able to use those learning materials with the Fedora packages. Install the appropriate kernel sources, as shown earlier, and then run the following command:

su -c 'ln -s /usr/src/kernels/<version>.<release>-<arch> /usr/src/linux' 

Voer het root-wachtwoord in wanneer daarom gevraagd wordt.

9.6. Voorbereiden op kernel ontwikkeling

Fedora 7 does not include the kernel-source package provided by older versions since only the kernel-devel package is required now to build external modules. Configured sources are available, as described in the kernel flavors section.

[Opmerking] Instructions Refer to Current Kernel

To simplify the following directions, we have assumed that you want to configure the kernel sources to match your currently-running kernel. In the steps below, the expression <version> refers to the kernel version shown by the command: uname -r.

Users who require access to Fedora original kernel sources can find them in the kernel .src.rpm package. To create an exploded source tree from this file, perform the following steps:

[Opmerking] Bouw geen pakketten als super-user (root)

Building packages as the superuser is inherently dangerous and is not required, even for the kernel. These instructions allow you to install the kernel source as a normal user. Many general information sites refer to /usr/src/linux in their kernel instructions. If you use these instructions, simply substitute ~/rpmbuild/BUILD/kernel-<version>/linux-<version>.<arch>."]]

  1. Prepare an RPM package building environment in your home directory. Run the following commands:

    su -c 'yum install rpmdevtools yum-utils' 
    rpmdev-setuptree
    

    Voer het root-wachtwoord in wanneer daarom gevraagd wordt.

  2. Download the kernel-<version>.src.rpm file. Enable any appropriate source repositories, such as Core, Updates, or Testing, with the -e switch:

    yumdownloader -e core-source -e updates-source --source kernel-<version>
    

    Enter the root password when prompted. If you do not specify the version, the latest kernel available in Fedora is downloaded.

  3. Installeer kernel-<version>.src.rpm met behulp van het commando:

    su -c 'rpm -Uvh kernel-<version>.src.rpm' 
    

    This command writes the RPM contents into ${HOME}/rpmbuild/SOURCES and ${HOME}/rpmbuild/SPECS, where ${HOME} is your home directory.

    [Opmerking] Vereiste ruimte

    The full kernel building process may require several gigabytes of extra space on the file system containing your home directory.

  4. Prepareer de kernel-sources met behulp van de volgende commando's:

    cd ~/rpmbuild/SPECS 
    rpmbuild -bp --target $(uname -m) kernel-2.6.spec
    

    De kernel source tree bevindt zich in de ~/rpmbuild/BUILD/kernel-<version>/linux-<version>.<arch> map.

  5. The configurations for the specific kernels shipped in Fedora 7 are in the ~/rpmbuild/BUILD/kernel-<version>/linux-<version>.<arch>/configs directory. For example, the i686 configuration file is named ~/rpmbuild/BUILD/kernel-<version>/linux-<version>.<arch>/configs/kernel-<version>-i686.config. Issue the following command to place the desired configuration file in the proper place for building:

    cp configs/<desired-config-file> .config 
    
  6. Every kernel gets a name based on its version number. This is the value the uname -r command displays. The kernel name is defined by the first four lines of the kernel Makefile. The Makefile has been changed to generate a kernel with a different name from that of the running kernel. To be accepted by the running kernel, a module must be compiled for a kernel with the correct name. To do this, you must edit the kernel Makefile.

    For example, if the uname -r returns the string 2.6.17-1.2345_FC6, change the EXTRAVERSION definition from this:

    EXTRAVERSION = -prep 
    

    naar dit:

    EXTRAVERSION = -1.2345_FC6 
    

    That is, substitute everything from the final dash onward.

  7. Voer het volgende commando uit:

    make oldconfig 
    

    U kunt dan verder gaan zoals gebruikelijk.

[Opmerking] Het bouwen van binaire kernel RPMs

Normally, kernels for Fedora are built using the rpmbuild utility and a specfile. Your results may vary if you use the kernel's built-in make rpm target.

9.7. Het bouwen van alleen kernel-modules

An exploded source tree is not required to build a kernel module, such as your own device driver, against the currently in-use kernel. Only the kernel-devel package is required to build external modules. If you did not select it during installation, use Pirut to install it (via ApplicationsAdd/Remove Software) or use yum to install it. Run the following command to install the kernel-devel package using yum.

su -c 'yum install kernel-devel' 

Bijvoorbeeld, om de foo.ko module te bouwen, maak de volgende Makefile aan in de map dat het foo.c bestand bevat:

obj-m := foo.o 

KDIR  := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
PWD   := $(shell pwd)

default:
    $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules

Voer het make commando uit om de foo.ko module te bouwen.

10. Fedora Desktop

This section details changes that affect Fedora graphical desktop users.

10.1. Localized Common User Directories (xdg-user-dirs)

This release of Fedora now includes the new common user directory structure, xdg-user-dirs. Features of these new user directories include:

  • Directory names can be localized (translated)

  • Includes a set of common directories by default, such as for documents, music, pictures, and downloads.

  • Appear as common bookmarks in the file browser, and are picked up by many applications as app-specific defaults. For example, a music player would start the file opening dialog in the default music directory.

  • Configurable by users, who can move or rename the directories via the Nautilus file manager, or by editing ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs.

10.2. Software-beheer

The performance for the yum software management utility has been greatly improved in Fedora 7. The repository metadata parser has now been implemented in C. A new mirror management infrastructure also ensures better mirror selection and, in most cases, faster performance. The Pirut package management tool and the Pup software update utility are based on yum, so their performance is likewise improved.

10.3. GNOME

This release features GNOME 2.18 (http://www.gnome.org/start/2.18/)

The GNOME splash screen has been disabled upstream intentionally. To enable it, use gconf-editor or the following command:

gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-session/options/show_splash_screen --type bool true

The lock screen dialog theme is not connected to the selected screensaver in this release. To enable it, use gconf-editor or the following command:

gconftool-2 --set  --type string /apps/gnome-screensaver/lock_dialog_theme  "system"

10.4. Web Browsers

This release of Fedora includes version 2.0 of the popular Firefox web browser. Refer to http://firefox.com/ for more information about Firefox.

10.5. Mail Clients

The mail-notification package has been split. The Evolution plugin is now in a separate package called mail-notification-evolution-plugin. When you update the mail-notification package, the plugin is added automatically.

11. Bestandssystemen

Fedora 7 provides basic support for encrypted swap partitions and non-root file systems. To use it, add entries to /etc/crypttab and reference the created devices in /etc/fstab.

[Opmerking] Encrypted FS Support Unavailable During Install

Enable file system encryption after installation. Anaconda does not have support for creating encrypted block devices.

The following example shows an /etc/crypttab entry for a swap partition:

my_swap /dev/hdb1 /dev/urandom swap,cipher=aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 

This creates an encrypted block device /dev/mapper/my_swap, which can be referenced in /etc/fstab. The next example shows an entry for a filesystem volume:

my_volume /dev/hda5 /etc/volume_key cipher=aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 

The /etc/volume_key file contains a plaintext encryption key. You can also specify none as the key file name, and the system instead asks for the encryption key during boot.

The recommended method is to use LUKS for file system volumes: (using LUKS you can drop the cipher= part in crypttab).

  1. Create the encrypted volume using cryptsetup luksFormat

  2. Add the necessary entry to /etc/crypttab

  3. Set up the volume manually using cryptsetup luksOpen or reboot

  4. Create a filesystem on the encrypted volume

  5. Set up an /etc/fstab entry

12. Web Servers

Fedora 7 bevat versie 2.2.4 van de Apache HTTP Server. Gebruikers die upgraden van versie 2.0 (bijgevoegd in Fedora Core 4 en vroeger) moeten veranderingen maken aan hun httpd configuratie; refereer naar http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/upgrading.html voor meer details.

Users of the mod_dbd module should note that the apr-util DBD driver for PostgreSQL is now distributed as a separate dynamically-loaded module. The driver module is now included in the apr-util-pgsql package. A MySQL driver is now also available, in the apr-util-mysql package.

13. Mail Servers

Deze sectie bevat informatie over mail servers of mail transfer agents (MTAs).

13.1. exim-sa

The exim-sa package is deprecated since Fedora Extras 6. It was the original implementation of SpamAssassin integration with Exim, and was functionally similar to sendmail milters or postfix filters. However, that functionality is rather limited, and Exim now has far better support for content checking, fully integrated into its general-purpose Access Control Lists.

Since the sa_exim feature was not enabled in the default configuration, the package can normally be safely uninstalled to allow Exim to be upgraded. Users who have modified their configuration to use sa_exim features should either reconfigure to use Exim's full content scanning abilities or rebuild the package for themselves to include the exim-sa subpackage. For further details on Exim's built-in content scanning, refer to the Exim documentation:

http://www.exim.org/exim-html-4.62/doc/html/spec_html/ch40.html

14. Ontwikkeling

This section covers various development tools and features.

14.1. Hulpmiddelen

14.1.1. GCC Compiler Collectie

Deze uitgave van Fedora is gebouwd met GCC 4.1, welke meegeleverd is met de distributie.

14.1.2. Eclipse

This release of Fedora includes Fedora Eclipse, based on the Eclipse SDK version 3.2.2 (http://www.eclipse.org). The "New and Noteworthy" page for the 3.2.x series of releases can be accessed at http://download.eclipse.org/eclipse/downloads/drops/R-3.2-200606291905/new_noteworthy/eclipse-news.html. Release notes specific to 3.2.2 are available at http://www.eclipse.org/eclipse/development/readme_eclipse_3.2.2.html.

The Eclipse SDK is known variously as "the Eclipse Platform," "the Eclipse IDE," and "Eclipse." The Eclipse SDK is the foundation for the combined release of ten Eclipse projects under the Callisto combined release umbrella (http://www.eclipse.org/callisto). A few of these Callisto projects are included in Fedora: CDT (http://www.eclipse.org/cdt, for C/C++ development, EMF (http://www.eclipse.org/emf) the Eclipse Modeling Framework, and GEF (http://www.eclipse.org/gef), the Graphical Editing Framework.

Many third-party Eclipse projects are also available, including Subclipse (http://subclipse.tigris.org/) for integrating Subversion version control, PyDev (http://pydev.sf.net) for developing in Python, and PHPeclipse (http://www.phpeclipse.de/) for developing in PHP. Mylar (http://eclipse.org/mylar), a task-focused UI for Eclipse, is also available in Fedora with task connectors for Bugzilla and Trac. It was not part of Callisto but will be part of the forthcoming Europa combined Eclipse release.

Assistance in getting more projects packaged and tested with GCJ is always welcome. Contact the interested parties through fedora-devel-java-list (http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/fedora-devel-java-list/) and/or #fedora-java on freenode.

Fedora also includes plugins and features that are particularly useful to FLOSS hackers, ChangeLog editing with eclipse-changelog, and Bugzilla interaction with eclipse-mylar-bugzilla. Our CDT package also includes the work-in-progress GNU Autotools plugin. This plugin allows end-users to use Eclipse to build and maintain C/C++ projects that use GNU autotools. Enhancements to the CDT include:

  • Performing configuration prior to build

  • Special editors for autoconf/automake input files

  • Special help for autoconf macros

  • Hover help for C library functions

  • A special console for configuration

The latest information regarding these projects can be found at the Fedora Eclipse Project page: http://sourceware.org/eclipse/.

This release includes 21 language packs for the Eclipse SDK. Each language is packed into a separate package, such as eclipse-sdk-nls-ko for the Korean translation.

14.1.2.1. Non-packaged Plugins/Features

Fedora Eclipse contains a patch to allow non-root users to make use of the Update Manager functionality for installing non-packaged plugins and features. Such plugins are installed in the user's home directory under the .eclipse directory. Please note, however, that these plugins do not have associated GCJ-compiled bits and may therefore run slower than expected.

14.1.2.2. Alternative Java Runtime Environments

The Fedora free JRE does not satisfy every user, so Fedora does allow the installation of alternative JREs. A caveat exists, however, for installing proprietary JREs on 64-bit machines.

The 64-bit JNI libraries shipped by default on x86_64 systems in Fedora do not run on 32-bit proprietary JREs. In other words, do not try to run Fedora's x86_64 Eclipse packages on Sun's 32-bit JRE. They fail in confusing ways. Either switch to a 64-bit proprietary JRE, or install the 32-bit version of the packages, if available. To install a 32-bit version, use the following command:

yum install <package_name>.i386 

Likewise, the 32-bit JNI libraries shipped by default on ppc64 systems do not run with a 64-bit JRE. To install the 64-bit version, use the following command:

yum install <package_name>.ppc64 
14.1.2.3. Europa/Eclipse 3.3

In June 2007, the Eclipse community is releasing the Europa combined release of an assortment of plugins and features. This will be based on and include version 3.3 of the Eclipse SDK. This is a major change and because of that, Fedora Eclipse is not going to be re-basing on Europa until Fedora 8. This means that versions of Eclipse-based applications included in Fedora such as RSSOwl and Azureus may lag upstream releases if they require features only available in Eclipse 3.3.

15. Beveiliging

Deze sectie bevat informatie over verschillende beveiligingsitems van Fedora.

15.1. Algemene informatie

Een algemene introductie van de vele proactieve beveiligingsmogelijkheden in Fedora, de huidige status en policies is beschikbaar op http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Security.

15.1.1. SELinux

De SELinux projectpagina's bevatten tips voor het oplossen van problemen, uitleg en wijzers naar documentatie en andere verwijzingen. Een paar nuttige verwijzingen zijn onder andere:

16. Java en java-gcj-compat

This release of Fedora includes a free and open source Java environment called java-gcj-compat. The java-gcj-compat collection includes a tool suite and execution environment that is capable of building and running many useful programs that are written in the Java programming language.

[Opmerking] Fedora bevat geen Java

Java is een handelsmerk van Sun Microsystems. java-gcj-compat is een geheel gratis software verzameling dat not Java is, maar wel Java software kan uitvoeren.

The java-gcj infrastructure has three key components: a GNU Java runtime (libgcj), the Eclipse Java compiler (ecj), and a set of wrappers and links (java-gcj-compat) that present the runtime and compiler to the user in a manner similar to other Java environments.

The Java software packages in this Fedora release use the java-gcj-compat environment. These packages include OpenOffice.org Base, Eclipse, and Apache Tomcat. Refer to the Java FAQ at http://www.fedoraproject.org/wiki/JavaFAQ for more information on the java-gcj-compat free Java environment in Fedora.

[Belangrijk] Voeg locatie en versie-informatie toe in bug-meldingen

Wanneer u een bug-melding aanmaakt, lever dan wel de uitvoer van deze commando's mee:

which java && java -version && which javac && javac -version 

16.1. Omgaan met Java en Java-achtige pakketten

In addition to the java-gcj-compat free software stack, Fedora lets you install multiple Java implementations and switch between them using the alternatives command line tool. However, every Java system you install must be packaged using the JPackage Project packaging guidelines to take advantage of alternatives. Once these packages are installed properly, the root user may switch between java and javac implementations using the alternatives command:

alternatives --config java  
alternatives --config javac

16.2. Omgaan met Java applets

This release of Fedora includes a preview release of gcjwebplugin, a Firefox plugin for Java applets. gcjwebplugin is not enabled by default because although the security implementation in GNU Classpath is being actively developed, it is not mature enough to run untrusted applets safely. That said, the AWT and Swing implementations in GNU Classpath are now sufficiently mature that they can run many applets deployed on the web. Adventurous users who want to try gcjwebplugin can read /usr/share/doc/libgcj-4.1.2/README.libgcjwebplugin.so, as installed by the libgcj package. The README explains how to enable the plugin and the risks associated with doing so.

16.3. Fedora en de JPackage Java pakketten

Fedora includes many packages derived from the JPackage Project, which provides a Java software repository. These packages are modified in Fedora to remove proprietary software dependencies and to make use of GCJ's ahead-of-time compilation feature. Use the Fedora repositories to update these packages, or use the JPackage repository for packages not provided by Fedora. Refer to the JPackage website at http://jpackage.org for more information on the project and the software it provides.

[Waarschuwing] Mixing Packages from Fedora and JPackage

Research package compatibility before you install software from both the Fedora and JPackage repositories on the same system. Incompatible packages may cause complex issues.

Refer to the latest release notes pertaining to Eclipse at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Beats/Devel/Tools/Eclipse.

16.4. Maven (v2)

This release of Fedora includes maven2, a Java project management and project comprehension tool. Maven can be invoked by the mvn and mvn-jpp commands. The former makes Maven behave just like upstream Maven, while the latter calls mvn with additional properties that make off-line building easier.

The maven2 package in Fedora is modified to work in a fully off-line mode. With no additional properties defined (the mvn command), maven2 works exactly like upstream Maven. Users may define additional properties to facilitate off-line builds, or call mvn-jpp, a wrapper that defines the most commonly used properties for off-line building. The properties and their usage details are described in the /usr/share/doc/maven2-2.0.4/maven2-jpp-readme.html file, which comes from the maven2-manual package.

17. Multimedia

Fedora bevat applicaties voor diverse multimedia functies, zoals afspelen, opnemen en bewerken. Additionele pakketten zijn beschikbaar via de Fedora Extras repository. Voor additionele informatie over multimedia in Fedora, zie de Multimedia sectie van de Fedora Project website op http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Multimedia.

17.1. Multimedia afspeelprogramma's

De standaardinstallatie van Fedora bevat Rhythmbox en Totem voor het afspelen van media. De Fedora repositories bevatten vele andere populaire programma's zoals het XMMS afspeelprogramma en KDE's amaroK. Zowel GNOME en KDE hebben een selectie van afspeelprogramma's die gebruikt kunnen worden met een divers aantal formaten. Andere partijen kunnen additionele programma's aanbieden die overweg kunnen met andere formaten.

Fedora maakt ook volledig gebruik van het Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) geluidssysteem. Veel programma's kunnen tegelijkertijd geluid afspelen, iets wat ooit moeilijk was op Linux systemen. Wanneer alle multimedia software geconfigureerd is om ALSA te gebruiken voor geluidsondersteuning zal deze limiteit verdwijnen. Voor meer informatie over ALSA, bezoek de website van het project op http://www.alsa-project.org/. Gebruikers kunnen nog steeds problemen ervaren wanneer meerdere gebruikers aangemeld zijn op het systeem. Afhankelijk van de hardware- en softwareconfiguratie kan het zijn dat meerdere gebruikers tegelijkertijd geen gebruik kunnen maken van de geluidshardware.

17.1.1. Codec Buddy

New in Fedora is the Codec Buddy, which detects when you are trying to play a multimedia format without the needed codecs installed. If the codec needed is not free and open, Codec Buddy offers options for obtaining the needed codecs.

17.2. Ogg en Xiph.Org Foundation formaten

Fedora heeft complete ondersteuning voor het Ogg media container-formaat en de Vorbis audio, Theora video, Speex audio en FLAC lossless audio formaten. Deze vrij-te-distribueren formaten worden niet gehinderd door patent- of licentie restricties. Ze bieden krachtige en flexibele alternatieven voor de meer populaire beperkte formaten. Het Fedora Project moedigt het gebruik van open formaten in plaats van beperkte formaten aan. Voor meer informatie over deze formaten en hoe ze te gebruiken, zie de Xiph.Org Foundation website op http://www.xiph.org/.

17.3. MP3, DVD en andere uitgesloten multimedia-formaten

De Fedora software repositories kunnen geen ondersteuning bieden voor het afspelen of opnemen van MP3 of DVD video. De MP3 formaten zijn gepatenteerd en de patent eigenaars hebben niet in de benodigde patent-licenties voorzien. DVD video formaten zijn gepatenteerd en uitgerust met een encryptie-schema. De patent eigenaars hebben niet in de benodigde patent-licenties voorzien, en de benodigde programmatuur om de schijven met CSS-encryptie te decrypten kunnen de Digital Millennium Copyright Act schenden, een copyright wet van de Verenigde Staten. Fedora sluit ook andere multimedia software uit vanwege patent, copyright of licentie restricties, inclusief Adobe's Flash Player en Real Media's Real Player. Voor meer informatie over dit onderwerp, zie http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/ForbiddenItems.

Hoewel andere MP3 opties beschikbaar zijn voor Fedora, biedt Fluendo nu een gratis MP3 plugin voor GStreamer die de benodigde patent-licentie heeft voor eindgebruikers. Deze plugin zal MP3-ondersteuning aanzetten in applicaties die gebruik maken van het GStreamer framework als backend. Fedora levert deze plugin niet mee omdat we een voorkeur hebben voor het ondersteunen en aanmoedigen van het gebruik van open formaten die geen last hebben van patent-restricties. Voor meer informatie over de MP3 plugin, bezoek Fluendo's website op http://www.fluendo.com/.

17.4. CD's en DVD's schrijven en branden

De Fedora software repositories bevatten een divers aantal hulpmiddelen voor het gemakkelijk samenstellen en branden van CD's en DVD's. GNOME gebruikers kunnen rechtstreeks vanuit de Nautilus bestandsbeheerder data branden, of kiezen voor de gnomebaker of graveman pakketten uit Fedora Extras, of het oudere xcdroast pakket uit Fedora. KDE gebruikers kunnen het robuuste k3b pakket gebruiken voor deze taken. Beschikbare terminal-hulpmiddelen zijn cdrecord, readcd, mkisofs en andere populaire applicaties.

17.5. Screencasts

You can use Fedora to create and play back screencasts, which are recorded desktop sessions, using open technologies. Fedora Extras software repository includes istanbul, which creates screencasts using the Theora video format. These videos can be played back using one of several players included in Fedora. This is the preferred way to submit screencasts to the Fedora Project for either developer or end-user use. For a more comprehensive how-to, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/ScreenCasting.

17.6. Uitgebreide ondersteuning door middel van plugins

Most of the media players in Fedora software repositories can use plugins to add support for additional media formats and sound output systems. Some use powerful multimedia frameworks, like the gstreamer package, to handle media format support and sound output. Fedora software repositories offer plugin packages for these backends and for individual applications. Third parties may provide additional plugins to add even greater capabilities.

18. Spelletjes en Vermaak

Fedora provides a selection of games that cover a variety of genres. Users can install a small package of games for GNOME (called gnome-games) and KDE (kdegames). There are also many additional games that span every major genre available in the repositories.

The Fedora Project website features a section dedicated to games that details many of the available games, including overviews and installation instructions. For more information, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Games.

For a list of other games that are available for installation, use the Pirut graphical utility (ApplicationsAdd/Remove Software), or via the command line:

yum groupinfo "Games and Entertainment" 

For help using yum to install the assorted game packages, refer to the guide available at:x

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/yum/

18.1. Haxima

Fedora 7 includes version 0.5.6 of the Nazghul old-school role playing game engine and its companion game Haxima. This version is not compatible with saved games from previous Nazghul versions, so those with Haxima games in progress need to restart their games after updating to Fedora 7.

19. Virtualisatie

Virtualisatie in Fedora 7 is gebaseerd op Xen 3.0.4 en is geïntegreerd binnen het Fedora installatieprogramma. Ga naar http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Tools/Xen voor meer informatie over Xen.

19.1. Soorten Virtualisatie

Met Fedora en Xen 3.0.4 kunnen zowel paravirtualisatie als volledige virtualisatie worden geïmplementeerd. Volledige virtualisatie vereist een processor met ondersteuning voor VT. Paravirtualisatie vereist geen speciale hardware, maar vereist wel dat het guest OS wordt aangepast. Om meer te weten te komen over de configuratie en het gebruik van Xen, zie http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FedoraXenQuickstartFC6.

19.2. Guest-Besturingssystemen

The Fedora 7 development team has tested Xen with Fedora 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 guests. Other guests have not been tested. With paravirtualization, however, users can expect reasonable success running any Linux guest OS that was built for Xen 3.0.4. With full virtualization using VT hardware, users can expect reasonable success with a larger variety of operating systems, including some proprietary operating systems.

19.3. Veranderingen aan de Xen pakketten

De volgende verbeteringen zijn gemaakt in de virtualisatie pakketten in Fedora 7:

  • The applications virt-manager and virsh can now work with inactive domains. Previously, only xm could handle inactive domains

  • De problemen met de muiscursor en de virtual frame buffer zijn opgelost voor een betere gebruikerservaring in de grafische modes

  • Diverse andere kleine verbeteringen en correcties zijn gemaakt.

20. X Window System (Grafisch)

Deze sectie bevat informatie gerelateerd aan de X Window System implementatie, X.org, meegeleverd met Fedora.

20.1. X Configuratie Wijzigingen

De X.org 7.2 X server is aangepast om automatisch de meeste hardware te detecteren en te configureren, zodat het niet meer nodig is dat gebruikers of beheerders het configuratiebestand /etc/X11/xorg.conf hoeven te veranderen. De enige hardware die standaard wordt geconfigureerd in het door Anaconda geschreven xorg.conf bestand is:

  • Het grafische stuurprogramma

  • De toetsenbordinstelling

Alle andere hardware, zoals beeldschermen (zowel LCD en CRT), USB muizen en touchpads worden gedetecteerd en automatisch geconfigureerd.

The X server queries the attached monitor for supported resolution ranges, and attempts to pick the highest resolution available with the correct aspect ratio for the display. Users can set their preferred resolution in SystemPreferencesScreen Resolution, and the default resolution for the system can be changed with SystemAdministrationDisplay.

Als het /etc/X11/xorg.conf configuratiebestand niet aanwezig is, zal X ook automatisch het juiste stuurprogramma detecteren en uitgaan van een 105-toetsen US toetsenbordopmaak.

20.2. Intel Driver Opmerkingen

Fedora 7 bevat twee stuurprogramma's voor Intel geïntegreerde grafische controllers:

  • Het standaard i810 stuurprogramma, welke ondersteuning bevat voor grafische chipsets van Intel tot en met i945 en i965

  • Het experimentele intel stuurprogramma, welke ondersteuning bevat voor grafische chipsets van Intel tot en met i945

The i810 driver is limited to resolutions available in the BIOS. If you need support for non-standard resolutions, such as those used in some widescreen displays, you may want to switch to the intel driver. You may switch drivers by using system-config-display, available in the menus under SystemAdministrationDisplay.

We welcome feedback on the experimental intel driver. Please report success in Bugzilla, attaching the full output of lspci -vn for your machine. Given success reports, various chipsets may be switched to use the intel driver by default.

20.3. Third Party Video Drivers

If you intend to use third party video drivers, refer to the Xorg third party drivers page for detailed guidelines:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Xorg/3rdPartyVideoDrivers

21. Database Servers

21.1. MySQL

Fedora now provides MySQL 5.0. For a list of the enhancements provided by this version, refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/mysql-5-0-nutshell.html.

For more information on upgrading databases from previous releases of MySQL, refer to the MySQL website at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/upgrade.html.

21.1.1. DBD-stuurprogramma

The MySQL DBD driver has been dual-licensed and the related licensing issues have been resolved (https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=222237). The resulting apr-util-mysql package is now included in the Fedora software repositories.

21.2. PostgreSQL

Deze uitgave van Fedora bevat PostgreSQL 8.2. Voor meer informatie over deze nieuwe versie, zie http://www.postgresql.org/docs/whatsnew.

[Belangrijk] Upgrading Databases

Before upgrading an existing Fedora system with a PostgreSQL database, it could be necessary to follow the procedure described at http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.1/interactive/install-upgrading.html. Otherwise the data may be not accessible by the new version of PostgreSQL.

22. Internationalisatie (i18n)

Deze sectie bevat informatie over taalondersteuning in Fedora.

22.1. Invoermethoden

When upgrading from earlier releases of Fedora, it is strongly recommended to install scim-bridge-gtk, which works well with 3rd party C++ applications linked against older versions of libstdc++.

When SCIM is installed, it runs by default for users of all locales. If SCIM is installed but you do not wish to run it on your desktop, disable it using im-chooser.

The following table lists the default trigger hotkeys for different languages:

Taal Trigger hotkeys
alle Ctrl-Spatie
Japans Zenkaku_Hankaku of Alt-`
Koreaans Shift-Spatie of Hangul

22.1.1. Taal installatie

To install additional language support from the Languages group, use Pirut via ApplicationsAdd/Remove Software, or run this command:

su -c 'yum groupinstall <language>-support' 

In the command above, <language> is one of assamese, bengali, chinese, gujarati, hindi, japanese, kannada, korean, malayalam, marathi, oriya, punjabi, sinhala, tamil, thai, or telegu.

22.2. M17n Veranderingen

Pakket m17n-db:

23. Backwards Compatibility

Fedora provides legacy system libraries for compatibility with older software. This software is part of the Legacy Software Development group, which is not installed by default. Users who require this functionality may select this group either during installation or after the installation process is complete. To install the package group on a Fedora system, use ApplicationsAdd/Remove Software (Pirut) or enter the following command in a terminal window:

su -c 'yum groupinstall "Legacy Software Development"'

Enter the password for the root account when prompted.

23.1. Compiler Compatibiliteit

The compat-gcc-34 package has been included for compatibility reasons:

https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-devel-list/2006-August/msg00409.html

24. Pakketveranderingen

[Opmerking] Deze lijst is automatisch gegenereerd

Deze lijst is automatisch gegenereerd. Dit is geen goede keuze om te vertalen.

04-Apr-2007 This content is not generated for the XML output for translation. Insert this content before building the release notes for Fedora 7 test4.

This list was made using the {{{treediff}}} utility, ran as {{{treediff newtree oldtree}}} against the rawhide tree of 28 Feb. 2006.

Voor een lijst van pakketten die zijn bijgewerkt sinds de vorige uitgave, ga naar deze pagina: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Beats/PackageChanges/UpdatedPackages. U kunt ook een vergelijking vinden van alle belangrijke pakketten tussen alle Fedora versies op http://distrowatch.com/fedora.

Insert treediff list here.

25. Fedora Legacy - Community Maintenance Project

The Fedora Legacy Project was a community-supported open source project to extend the lifecycle of select "maintenance mode" Red Hat Linux and Fedora Core distributions. The current model for supporting maintenance distributions has been re-examined. Fedora Legacy was unable to extend support to older Fedora Core releases as it had planned. As of now, Fedora Core 4 and earlier distributions are no longer being maintained. Fedora Core 5 will no longer be maintained 30 days after the Fedora 7 release.

[Opmerking] Legacy Repo was included in Fedora Core 6

Fedora Core 6 shipped with a software repository configuration for Fedora Legacy. This repository was not enabled by default in the Fedora Core 6 release.

26. Fedora Project

Het doel van het Fedora Project is om samen te werken met de Linux gemeenschap om een compleet besturingssysteem voor algemeen gebruik te bouwen, geheel bestaand uit open source software. De ontwikkeling hiervan vindt plaats in een publiek forum. Het project produceert ongeveer 2 keer per jaar een uitgave van Fedora. Een publiek uitgaveschema is beschikbaar op http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/Schedule. Het technische team van Red Hat blijft meewerken aan het bouwen van Fedora en nodigt meer medewerking van buiten uit dan vroeger mogelijk was. Door gebruik te maken van dit meer open proces hopen we een besturingssysteem aan te bieden dat meer op een lijn zit met de idealen van gratis software en meer aantrekkelijk is voor de open source gemeenschap. Voor meer informatie, bezoek de Fedora Project website op http://fedoraproject.org/.

Het Fedora Project wordt gestuurd door de individuen die eraan meewerken. Als tester, ontwikkelaar, documentator of vertaler kunt u het verschil maken. Zie http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Join voor details. Voor informatie over de communicatiekanalen voor Fedora gebruikers en medewerkers, zie http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicate.

Naast de website zijn de volgende mailing lists beschikbaar:

Om u aan te melden op een van deze mailing lists dient u een e-mail te sturen met het woord "subscribe" in het onderwerp naar <listname>-request, waarbij <listname> een van de namen van bovenstaande mailing lists is. U kunt u ook aanmelden bij de Fedora mailing lists door middel van de Web interface op http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/.

Het Fedora Project gebruikt ook diverse IRC (Internet Relay Chat) kanalen. IRC is een real-time, tekstgebaseerde manier van communicatie, gelijk aan Instant Messaging. Met IRC kunt u conversaties hebben met meerdere mensen in een open kanaal of met iemand een privé-gesprek voeren. Om door middel van IRC met andere Fedora Project deelnemers te praten dient u een verbinding te maken met het Freenode IRC netwerk. Zie de Freenode website op http://www.freenode.net/ voor meer informatie.

Deelnemers aan het Fedora Project bezoeken vaak het #fedora kanaal op het Freenode netwerk, terwijl ontwikkelaars van het Fedora Project vaak gevonden kunnen worden op het #fedora-devel kanaal. Hiernaast hebben sommige grotere projecten hun eigen kanalen. Deze informatie kan gevonden worden op de webpagina voor het betreffende project, en op http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicate.

Om op het #fedora kanaal te praten dient u uw bijnaam, of nick, te registreren. Instructies worden gegeven wanneer u een /join maakt met het kanaal.

[Opmerking] IRC kanalen

Het Fedora Project en Red Hat hebben geen controle over de Fedora Project IRC kanalen of hun inhoud.

27. Colophon

As we use the term, a colophon:

  • recognizes contributors and provides accountability, and

  • explains tools and production methods.

27.1. Medewerkers

... and many more translators. Refer to the Web-updated version of these release notes as we add translators after release:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

27.2. Production Methods

Beat writers produce the release notes directly on the Fedora Project Wiki. They collaborate with other subject matter experts during the test release phase of Fedora to explain important changes and enhancements. The editorial team ensures consistency and quality of the finished beats, and ports the Wiki material to DocBook XML in a revision control repository. At this point, the team of translators produces other language versions of the release notes, and then they become available to the general public as part of Fedora. The publication team also makes them, and subsequent errata, available via the Web.