Fedora Release Notes

Fedora Documentation Project

Version 6.0.0 (2006-09-24)

Этот документ выпускается в соответствии с условиями лицензии свободной документации GNU (GNU Free Documentation License). Дополнительные подробности можно прочитать в полном юридическом уведомлении в Раздел 3, «Legal Notice».

[Подсказка] Самые новые замечания к выпуску находятся в сети

Эти замечания к выпуску могут быть обновлены. Посетите страницу http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/release-notes/ для просмотра самых новых замечаний к выпуску Fedora Core.

История переиздания
Издание 6.0.0 2006-09-24

Помещена новая версия для окончательного выпуска

Издание 5.92 2006-09-05

Помещена новая версия для выпуска test3

Издание 5.91.2 2006-08-13

Подготовка нового снимка wiki для выпуска на Web-сайт

Издание 5.91.1 2006-08-10

Исправлена информация о правообладателе

Издание 5.91 2006-07-13

Нумерация версий приведена в соотвествие с действительностью

Издание 0.5.9.1 2006-07-11

FC6 test2 - материал для выполнения перевода


1. Welcome to Fedora
2. Отличительные особенности выпуска
2.1. Fedora Tour
2.2. New in Fedora
2.2.1. Рабочий стол
2.2.2. Производительность
2.2.3. Системное администрирование
2.3. План выхода версий
3. Legal Notice
4. Обратная связь
4.1. Обратная связь для ПО Fedora
4.2. Обратная связь для Замечаний к выпуску
5. Замечания по установке
5.1. Изменения в Anaconda
5.2. Изменения в kickstart
5.3. Замечания, касающиеся установки
5.3.1. Переносные компьютеры Sony VAIO
5.3.2. IDE RAID
5.3.3. Несколько сетевых адаптеров и PXE установка
5.3.4. Compaq DL360 with Smart Array
5.4. Вопросы, касающиеся обновления
6. Замечания для конкретных архитектур
6.1. RPM multiarch support on 64-bit platforms (x86_64, ppc64)
6.2. Особенности PPC в Fedora
6.2.1. Hardware Requirements for PPC
6.2.2. 4 KiB Pages on 64-bit machines
6.2.3. Клавиатура Apple
6.2.4. PPC installation notes
6.3. Особенности x86 в Fedora
6.3.1. Hardware requirements for x86
6.4. Особенности x86_64 в Fedora
6.4.1. Hardware requirements for x86_64
7. Fedora Live Images
7.1. Available Images
7.2. Usage Information
7.3. Other Methods of Booting
7.4. Differences From a Regular Fedora Install
8. Замечание о пакетах
8.1. Аудит лицензий
8.2. System Tools
8.2.1. apcupsd
8.3. Engineering and Scientific
8.3.1. paraview
9. Ядро Linux
9.1. Версия
9.2. Список изменений
9.3. Разновидности ядра
9.4. Сообщения об ошибках
9.5. Следование текстовым документам
9.6. Подготовка к разработке ядра
9.7. Построение только модулей ядра
10. Рабочий стол Fedora
10.1. Localized Common User Directories (xdg-user-dirs)
10.2. Управление программами
10.3. GNOME
10.4. Web-браузеры
10.5. Почтовые клиенты
11. Файловые системы
12. Web-серверы
13. Mail Servers
13.1. exim-sa
14. Разработка
14.1. Утилиты
14.1.1. Коллекция компиляторов GCC
14.1.2. Eclipse
15. Безопасность
15.1. Общая информация
15.1.1. SELinux
16. Java и java-gcj-compat
16.1. Работа с Java и and Java-подобными пакетами
16.2. Работа с Java апплетами
16.3. Fedora и Java пакеты JPackage
16.4. Maven (v2)
17. Мультимедиа
17.1. Мультимедиа проигрыватели
17.1.1. Codec Buddy
17.2. Форматы Ogg и Xiph.Org
17.3. MP3, DVD и иные исключенные мультимедиа форматы
17.4. Подготовка и запись CD и DVD
17.5. Screencasts
17.6. Расширенная поддержка при помощи plugin-модулей
18. Игры и развлечения
18.1. Haxima
19. Виртуализация
19.1. Типы виртуализации
19.2. Гостевые операционные системы
19.3. Изменения в пакетах Xen
20. Система X Window (Графическая)
20.1. Изменения настроек X
20.2. Intel Driver Notes
20.3. Third Party Video Drivers
21. Серверы баз данных
21.1. MySQL
21.1.1. DBD Driver
21.2. PostgreSQL
22. Интернационализация (i18n)
22.1. Методы ввода
22.1.1. Установка языков
22.2. M17n Changes
23. Обратная Совместимость
23.1. Совместимость компилятора
24. Изменения пакетов
25. Fedora Legacy - Проект сообщества по сопровождению
26. Проект Fedora
27. Выходные сведения
27.1. Участники
27.2. Способы подготовки

1. Welcome to Fedora

The Fedora Project is a Red Hat sponsored and community supported open source project. Its goal is the rapid progress of free and open source software and content. The Fedora Project makes use of public forums, open processes, rapid innovation, meritocracy, and transparency in pursuit of the best operating system and platform that free and open source software can provide.

[Подсказка] Самые новые замечания к выпуску находятся в сети

These release notes may be updated. Visit http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ to view the latest release notes for Fedora.

You can help the Fedora Project community continue to improve Fedora if you file bug reports and enhancement requests. Refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/BugsAndFeatureRequests for more information about bugs. Thank you for your participation.

Обратитесь к следующим веб-страницам за дополнительной информацией общего плана о Fedora:

[Замечание] Ссылки на документацию

Many links may not work properly from within the installation environment, due to resource constraints. The release notes are also available post-installation as part of the desktop Web browser's default home page. If you are connected to the internet, use these links to find other helpful information about Fedora and the community that creates and supports it.

2. Отличительные особенности выпуска

2.1. Fedora Tour

You can find a tour filled with pictures and videos of this exciting new release at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Tours/Fedora7.

2.2. New in Fedora

This release includes significant new versions of many key components and technologies. The following sections provide a brief overview of major changes from the last release of Fedora.

2.2.1. Рабочий стол

2.2.2. Производительность

  • In this release, the performance of yum, Pirut, and Pup have been significantly improved.

2.2.3. Системное администрирование

  • Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) technology has been integrated with the Fedora graphical virtualization manager tool, virt-manager. KVM provides a full virtualization solution, and users have a choice between KVM and Xen, along with Qemu, in this release. More on KVM:

    http://virt.kernelnewbies.org/HypervisorVsLinuxBased

2.3. План выхода версий

The proposed plans for the next release of Fedora are available at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/RoadMap.

3. Legal Notice

Copyright (c) 2006 by Red Hat, Inc. and others. This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0, available at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/.

Garrett LeSage created the admonition graphics (note, tip, important, caution, and warning). Tommy Reynolds created the callout graphics. They all may be freely redistributed with documentation produced for the Fedora Project.

FEDORA, FEDORA PROJECT, and the Fedora Logo are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., are registered or pending registration in the U.S. and other countries, and are used here under license to the Fedora Project.

Red Hat and the Red Hat "Shadow Man" logo are registered trademarks of Red Hat Inc. in the United States and other countries.

All other trademarks and copyrights referred to are the property of their respective owners.

Documentation, as with software itself, may be subject to export control. Read about Fedora Project export controls at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal/Export.

4. Обратная связь

Благодарим вас за то, что вы нашли время предоставить сообществу Fedora свои комментарии, предложения или отчет о найденной ошибке. Сделав это вы помогаете улучшать состояние Fedora, Linux и свободное ПО по всему миру.

4.1. Обратная связь для ПО Fedora

To provide feedback on Fedora software or other system elements, please refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/BugsAndFeatureRequests. A list of commonly reported bugs and known issues for this release is available from http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Bugs/F7Common.

4.2. Обратная связь для Замечаний к выпуску

[Важно] Обратная связь только для Замечаний к выпуску

Этот раздел рассматривает обратную связь для непосредственно замечаний к выпуску.

Если по вашему мнению эти замечания к выпуску можно улучшить в любой области, вы можете связаться напрямую с автором раздела. Ниже приведены несколько способов как это сделать, упорядоченных по предпочтению:

  1. If you have a Fedora account, edit content directly at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Beats

  2. Fill out a bug request using this template: http://tinyurl.com/nej3u - This link is ONLY for feedback on the release notes themselves. Refer to the admonition above for details.

  3. Написать письмо по адресу relnotes@fedoraproject.org

5. Замечания по установке

[Важно] Fedora Installation Guide

To learn how to install Fedora, refer to http://docs.fedoraproject.org/install-guide/.

[Подсказка] Installation issues not covered in these release notes

If you encounter a problem or have a question during installation that is not covered in these relese notes, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FAQ and http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Bugs/Common.

Anaconda is the name of the Fedora installer. This section outlines issues related to Anaconda and installing Fedora 7.

[Замечание] Скачивание больших файлов

If you intend to download the Fedora DVD ISO image, keep in mind that not all file downloading tools can accommodate files larger than 2 GiB in size. Tools without this limitation include wget 1.9.1-16 and above, curl, and ncftpget. BitTorrent is another method for downloading large files. For information about obtaining and using the torrent file, refer to http://torrent.fedoraproject.org/.

Anaconda tests the integrity of installation media by default. This function works with the CD, DVD, hard drive ISO, and NFS ISO installation methods. The Fedora Project recommends that you test all installation media before starting the installation process and before reporting any installation-related bugs. Many of the bugs reported are actually due to improperly-burned CDs. To use this test, type linux mediacheck at the boot: prompt.

Функция mediacheck очень чувствительна и может сообщать об ошибке и на некоторых работающих дисках. Это часто возникает по вине программ записи дисков, которые при создании дисков из ISO-файлов пропускают заполнители. Чтобы функция mediacheck работала лучше, загрузитесь с параметром:

linux ide=nodma mediacheck 

After you complete the mediacheck function successfully, reboot to return DMA mode to its normal state. On many systems, this results in a faster installation process from the disc. You may skip the mediacheck option when rebooting.

[Важно] BitTorrent Automatically Verifies File Integrity

If you use BitTorrent, any files you download are automatically validated. If your file completes downloading, you do not need to check it. Once you burn your CD, however, you should still use mediacheck.

You may perform memory testing before you install Fedora by entering memtest86 at the boot: prompt. This option runs the Memtest86 stand alone memory testing software in place of Anaconda. Memtest86 memory testing continues until the Esc key is pressed.

[Замечание] Memtest86 Availability

Чтобы использовать эту возможность, вы должны загрузиться с первого компакт-диска или диска восстановления.

Fedora 7 supports graphical FTP and HTTP installations. However, the installer image must either fit in RAM or appear on local storage, such as Installation Disc 1. Therefore, only systems with more than 192MiB of RAM, or which boot from Installation Disc 1, can use the graphical installer. Systems with 192MiB RAM or less fall back to using the text-based installer automatically. If you prefer to use the text-based installer, type linux text at the boot: prompt.

5.1. Изменения в Anaconda

  • New artwork for the installer.

  • Anaconda now features the ability to install packages from any yum-compatible software repository.

[Замечание] Поддержка Yum репозитариев

Поддерживаются только HTTP и FTP репозитарии; репозитарии на CD или на NFS не поддерживаются в данный момент.

  • Anaconda использует SquashFS для сжатия и хранения пакетов в образах.

  • Anaconda теперь поддерживает установку с использованием IPv6.

  • Anaconda now supports installation from FireWire and USB storage devices.

  • Anaconda's backend, yum, has been updated to 3.0.x.

  • Программа установки предоставляет улучшенную поддержку фрхитектуры ppc64.

  • Программа установки теперь поддерживает системы Apple Macintosh с новыми процессорами Intel.

  • Программа установки теперь поддерживает наличие нескольких путей (multipath).

  • Vera fonts are retired and replaced by DejaVu as default for the installer.

  • The installer is now translated in Greek, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, and Oriya.

5.2. Изменения в kickstart

Three new kickstart keywords have been added.

repo --name=<repoid> [--baseurl=<url>|--mirrorlist=<url>]

The keyword repo specifies additional package repositories to use for installation. The parameter baseurl specifies the URL for the repository, while mirrorlist specifies a list of mirrors. One and only one of these options may be specified per repository definition.

services [--disabled=<list>] [--enabled=<list>]

The keyword services modifies the default set of services that are started in the default runlevel. The parameters enabled and disabled take comma-separated lists, with enabled services taking priority.

user --name=<username> [--groups=<list>] [--homedir=<homedir>] [--password=<password>] [--iscrypted] [--shell=<shell>] [--uid=<uid>]

The keyword user creates a new user with the specified parameters. The parameter name is required; all other parameters are optional.

More documentation on kickstart is available in the anaconda package. To install it, run the command su -c 'yum install anaconda' and read the /usr/share/doc/anaconda*/kickstart-docs.txt file for more information.

5.3. Замечания, касающиеся установки

5.3.1. Переносные компьютеры Sony VAIO

Some Sony VAIO notebook systems may experience problems installing Fedora from CD-ROM. If this happens, restart the installation process and add the following option to the boot command line:

pci=off ide1=0x180,0x386 

Installation should proceed normally, and any devices not detected are configured the first time Fedora is booted.

5.3.2. IDE RAID

Not all IDE RAID controllers are supported. If your RAID controller is not yet supported by dmraid, you may combine drives into RAID arrays by configuring Linux software RAID. For supported controllers, configure the RAID functions in the computer BIOS.

5.3.3. Несколько сетевых адаптеров и PXE установка

Some servers with multiple network interfaces may not assign eth0 to the first network interface as BIOS knows it, which can cause the installer to try using a different network interface than was used by PXE. To change this behavior, use the following in pxelinux.cfg/* config files:

IPAPPEND 2 
APPEND ksdevice=bootif

The configuration options above causes the installer to use the same network interface as BIOS and PXE use. You can also use the following option:

ksdevice=link 

Этот параметр заставит программу установки использовать первый сетевой интерфейс, для которого будет обнаружено, что он подключен к сетевому коммутатору.

5.3.4. Compaq DL360 with Smart Array

If you have difficulties with this installation not detecting the Smart Array card, try entering linux isa on the installer prompt. This lets you manually select the card.

5.4. Вопросы, касающиеся обновления

Refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/DistributionUpgrades for detailed recommended procedures for upgrading Fedora.

В общем случае, новая установка является предпочтительной по сравнению с обновлением, в особенности для систем, использующих ПО из сторониих репозитариев. Сторонние пакеты оставшиеся от предыдущей установки могут не работать как ожидается на обновленной системе Fedora. Если вы решите выполнить обновление, следующая инофрмация может оказаться полезной:

  • Before you upgrade, back up the system completely. In particular, preserve /etc, /home, and possibly /opt and /usr/local if customized packages are installed there. You may wish to use a multi-boot approach with a "clone" of the old installation on alternate partition(s) as a fallback. In that case, create alternate boot media, such as a GRUB boot floppy.

    [Подсказка] Резервные копии системы

    Backups of configurations in /etc are also useful in reconstructing system settings after a fresh installation.

  • После завершения обновления, выполните команду:

  • rpm -qa --last > RPMS_by_Install_Time.txt 
    

    Проанализируйте последние строки на предмет пакетов, предшествующих установке. Удалите или обновите эти такие пакеты из сторонних репозитариев, или продолжайте по необходимости работать с ними.

6. Замечания для конкретных архитектур

This section provides notes that are specific to the supported hardware architectures of Fedora.

6.1. RPM multiarch support on 64-bit platforms (x86_64, ppc64)

RPM supports parallel installation of multiple architectures of the same package. A default package listing such as rpm -qa might appear to include duplicate packages, since the architecture is not displayed. Instead, use the repoquery command, part of the yum-utils package in Fedora Extras, which displays architecture by default. To install yum-utils, run the following command:

su -c 'yum install yum-utils'

Для вывода списка всех пакетов с их архитектурами, используя rpm, выполните команду:

rpm -qa --queryformat "%{name}-%{version}-%{release}.%{arch}\n"

Вы можете включить ее в /etc/rpm/macros (для общесистемной настройки) или в ~/.rpmmacros (для конкретного пользователя. Она меняет запрос по умолчанию с тем, чтобы показывать архитектуру:

%_query_all_fmt      %%{name}-%%{version}-%%{release}.%%{arch}

6.2. Особенности PPC в Fedora

This section covers specific information about Fedora and the PPC hardware platform.

6.2.1. Hardware Requirements for PPC

6.2.1.1. Processor and memory
  • Минимум: PowerPC G3 / POWER3

  • Fedora 7 supports only the "New World" generation of Apple Power Macintosh, shipped from circa 1999 onward.

  • Fedora 7 also supports IBM pSeries, IBM iSeries, IBM RS/6000, Genesi Pegasos II, and IBM Cell Broadband Engine machines.

  • Fedora 7 includes new hardware support for Genesi Efika, and for the Sony PlayStation 3.

  • Рекомендуется для текстового режима: Процессор G3 частотой 233 МГц или лучше, 128 Мбайт ОЗУ.

  • Рекомендуется для графики: Процессор G3 частотой 400 МГц или лучше, 256Мбайт ОЗУ.

6.2.1.2. Hard disk space

The disk space requirements listed below represent the disk space taken up by Fedora 7 after installation is complete. However, additional disk space is required during installation to support the installation environment. This additional disk space corresponds to the size of /Fedora/base/stage2.img (on Installation Disc 1) plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm on the installed system.

In practical terms, additional space requirements may range from as little as 90 MiB for a minimal installation to as much as an additional 175 MiB for an "everything" installation. The complete packages can occupy over 9 GB of disk space.

Данные пользователя тоже занимают место на диске, помимо этого для корректной работы системы должно быть свободно как минимум 5% дискового пространства.

6.2.2. 4 KiB Pages on 64-bit machines

After a brief experiment with 64KiB pages in Fedora Core 6, the PowerPC64 kernel has now been switched back to 4KiB pages. The installer should reformat any swap partitions automatically during an upgrade.

6.2.3. Клавиатура Apple

The Option key on Apple systems is equivalent to the Alt key on the PC. Where documentation and the installer refer to the Alt key, use the Option key. For some key combinations you may need to use the Option key in conjunction with the Fn key, such as Option-Fn-F3 to switch to virtual terminal tty3.

6.2.4. PPC installation notes

Fedora Installation Disc 1 is bootable on supported hardware. In addition, a bootable CD image appears in the images/ directory of this disc. These images behave differently according to your system hardware:

  • On most machines, the bootloader automatically boots the appropriate 32-bit or 64-bit installer from the install disc. The default gnome-power-manager package includes power management support, including sleep and backlight level management. Users with more complex requirements can use the apmud package. To install apmud after installation, use the following command:

    su -c 'yum install apmud'
  • 64-разрядные IBM pSeries (POWER4/POWER5), текущие модели iSeries. After using OpenFirmware to boot the CD, the bootloader, yaboot, automatically boots the 64-bit installer.

  • IBM "Legacy" iSeries (POWER4).  So-called "Legacy" iSeries models, which do not use OpenFirmware, require use of the boot image located in the images/iSeries directory of the installation tree.

  • 32-bit CHRP (IBM RS/6000 и другие).  After using OpenFirmware to boot the CD, select the linux32 boot image at the boot: prompt to start the 32-bit installer. Otherwise, the 64-bit installer starts and fails.

  • Genesi Pegasos II. На момент написания, микропрограмма с полной поддержкой файловой системы ISO9660 все еще не подготовлена для Pegasos. Тем не менее, можно воспользоваться сетевым загрузочным образом. Для этого, в приглашении OpenFirmware введите команду:

    boot cd: /images/netboot/ppc32.img

    You must also configure OpenFirmware on the Pegasos manually to make the installed Fedora system bootable. To do this, set the boot-device and boot-file environment variables appropriately.

  • Genesi Efika.  At the time of writing, the firmware of the Efika has bugs which prevent correct operation of the yaboot bootloader. An updated firmware should be available by April 2007, in advance of the release of Fedora 7. With a fixed firmware, installation on Efika should be the same as on Pegasos II.

  • Sony PlayStation 3.  For installation on PlayStation 3, first update to firmware 1.60 or later. The "Other OS" boot loader must be installed into the flash, following the instructions at http://www.playstation.com/ps3-openplatform/manual.html. At the time of writing, a Fedora-specific boot loader is not yet available; by the time of the release of Fedora 7 this lack should be remedied.

  • Загрузка по сети.  Combined images containing the installer kernel and ramdisk are located in the images/netboot/ directory of the installation tree. They are intended for network booting with TFTP, but can be used in many ways.

    Команда yaboot поддерживает загрузку по TFTP на серверах IBM eServer pSeries и Apple Macintosh. Проект Fedora рекомендует использовать yaboot вместо сетевых загрузочных образов netboot.

6.3. Особенности x86 в Fedora

This section covers specific information about Fedora and the x86 hardware platform.

6.3.1. Hardware requirements for x86

In order to use specific features of Fedora 7 during or after installation, you may need to know details of other hardware components such as video and network cards.

6.3.1.1. Processor and memory

The following CPU specifications are stated in terms of Intel processors. Other processors, such as those from AMD, Cyrix, and VIA that are compatible with and equivalent to the following Intel processors, may also be used with Fedora.

Fedora 7 requires an Intel Pentium or better processor, and is optimized for Pentium 4 and later processors.

  • Рекомендуется для текстового режима: Процессор 200 МГц класса Pentium или лучше

  • Рекомендуется для графики: Процессор 400 МГц класса Pentium II или лучше

  • Минимум для текстового режима: 128 Мбайт

  • Минимум для графического: 192 Мбайт

  • Рекомендуется для графики: 256 Мбайт

6.3.1.2. Hard disk space

The disk space requirements listed below represent the disk space taken up by Fedora 7 after the installation is complete. However, additional disk space is required during the installation to support the installation environment. This additional disk space corresponds to the size of /Fedora/base/stage2.img on Installation Disc 1 plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm on the installed system.

In practical terms, additional space requirements may range from as little as 90 MiB for a minimal installation to as much as an additional 175 MiB for an "everything" installation. The complete packages can occupy over 9 GB of disk space.

Данные пользователя тоже занимают место на диске, помимо этого для корректной работы системы должно быть свободно как минимум 5% дискового пространства.

6.4. Особенности x86_64 в Fedora

This section covers specific information about Fedora and the x86_64 hardware platform.

6.4.1. Hardware requirements for x86_64

In order to use specific features of Fedora 7 during or after installation, you may need to know details of other hardware components such as video and network cards.

6.4.1.1. Memory requirements for x86_64
  • Минимум для текстового режима: 128 Мбайт

  • Минимум для графического: 256 Мбайт

  • Рекомендуется для графики: 512 Мбайт

6.4.1.2. Hard disk space requirements for x86_64

The disk space requirements listed below represent the disk space taken up by Fedora 7 after the installation is complete. However, additional disk space is required during the installation to support the installation environment. This additional disk space corresponds to the size of /Fedora/base/stage2.img on Installation Disc 1 plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm on the installed system.

In practical terms, additional space requirements may range from as little as 90 MiB for a minimal installation to as much as an additional 175 MiB for an "everything" installation. The complete packages can occupy over 9 GB of disk space.

Данные пользователя тоже занимают место на диске, помимо этого для корректной работы системы должно быть свободно как минимум 5% дискового пространства.

7. Fedora Live Images

The Fedora release includes several live ISO images in addition to the traditional installation images. These ISO images are bootable, and you can burn them to media and use them to try out Fedora. They also include a feature that allows you to install the live CD content to your hard drive for persistence and higher performance.

These images are also available for test releases, to allow easier testing of the Fedora test release.

7.1. Available Images

There are three live images available for Fedora 7.

  1. Fedora 7 i386 Desktop CD. This is a CD sized image for i386 machines. It has the default desktop environment (GNOME), support for all supported Fedora locales, and a basic set of the productivity applications available in Fedora.

  2. Fedora 7 x86_64 Desktop DVD. This is a DVD sized image for x86_64 machines. The package set is the same as that of the i386 Desktop CD.

  3. Fedora 7 i386 KDE CD. This is a CD sized image for i386 machines. It includes the KDE Desktop environment and a large set of KDE applications. Note that this image only has full support for English language.

7.2. Usage Information

The live images should boot on any machine that supports booting from CD-ROM. Upon booting the CD, you can log in and use the desktop environment as the fedora user. After logging in, if you wish to install the contents of the live image to your hard drive, click on the Install to Hard Drive icon on the desktop.

7.3. Other Methods of Booting

Another way to use these live images is to put them on a USB stick. To do this, install the livecd-tools package from the development repository. Then, run the livecd-iso-to-stick script:

/usr/bin/livecd-iso-to-stick /path/to/live.iso /dev/sdb1 

Replace /dev/sdb1 with the partition where you want to put the image.

This is not a destructive process; any data you currently have on your USB stick is preserved.

7.4. Differences From a Regular Fedora Install

The following items are different from a normal Fedora install with the live images.

  • The sshd service is disabled, since the passwords on the live image are blank.

  • NetworkManager is enabled by default.

8. Замечание о пакетах

The following sections contain information regarding software packages that have undergone significant changes for Fedora 7. For easier access, they are generally organized using the same groups that are shown in the installation system.

8.1. Аудит лицензий

The Fedora Project Board initiated a licensing audit to ensure all software included in Fedora is compliant with the package licensing guidelines.

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FreeSoftwareAnalysis

8.2. System Tools

8.2.1. apcupsd

The apcupsd package has been upgraded to version 3.14.0. This version removes the old master/slave networking mode. Refer to the apcupsd release notes for more information.

http://sourceforge.net/project/shownotes.php?group_id=54413&release_id=485633

8.3. Engineering and Scientific

8.3.1. paraview

The mpi build and sub-package of paraview have been removed until cmake related build issues are resolved.

9. Ядро Linux

[Замечание] Assumptions Based on 2.6.21

This draft of the release notes assume that the final release of Fedora 2.6.21 is based on kernel 2.6.21. This is subject to change.

This section covers changes and important information regarding the 2.6.21 based kernel in Fedora 7. The 2.6.21 kernel includes:

  • Support for KVM virtualization.

  • Tickless support for x86 32bit, which greatly improves power management. For the final release of Fedora 7, x86_64 should also be tickless.

  • The devicescape wireless network stack, which includes support for several new wireless drivers.

  • New IDE drivers that use the same libata code as the SATA drivers.

    [Замечание] IDE Device Names Changed

    The new IDE drivers now cause all IDE drives to have device names such as /dev/sdX instead of /dev/hdX.

  • Support for version 2 of the Global File System (GFS2).

  • Some elements of the realtime kernel project.

  • Many bug fixes and other small improvements.

  • Changelog for 2.6.21rc1 available here: http://lwn.net/Articles/223021/

9.1. Версия

Fedora may include additional patches to the kernel for improvements, bug fixes, or additional features. For this reason, the Fedora kernel may not be line-for-line equivalent to the so-called vanilla kernel from the kernel.org web site:

http://www.kernel.org/

Чтобы получить список патчей необходимо получить RPM пакет с исходным кодом и выполните для него следующую команду:

rpm -qpl kernel-<version>.src.rpm 

9.2. Список изменений

Для того чтобы получить журнал изменений в пакете выполните следующую команду:

rpm -q --changelog kernel-<version> 

If you need a user friendly version of the changelog, refer to http://wiki.kernelnewbies.org/LinuxChanges. A short and full diff of the kernel is available from http://kernel.org/git. The Fedora version kernel is based on the Linus tree.

Customizations made for the Fedora version are available from http://cvs.fedoraproject.org.

9.3. Разновидности ядра

Fedora 7 includes the following kernel builds:

  • Native kernel, for use in most systems. Configured sources are available in the kernel-devel-<version>.<arch>.rpm package.

  • The kernel-PAE, for use in 32-bit x86 systems with > 4GB of RAM, or with CPUs that have an 'NX (No eXecute)' feature. This kernel support both uniprocessor and multi-processor systems.

  • Virtualization kernel for use with the Xen emulator package. Configured sources are available in the kernel-xen-devel-<version>.<arch>.rpm package.

  • The kdump kernel for use with kexec/kdump capabilities. Configured sources are available in the kernel-kdump-devel-<version>.<arch>.rpm package.

You may install kernel headers for all kernel flavors at the same time. The files are installed in the /usr/src/kernels/<version>-[PAE|xen|kdump]-<arch>/ tree. Use the following command:

su -c 'yum install kernel-{PAE,xen,kdump}-devel' 

Select one or more of these flavors, separated by commas and no spaces, as appropriate. Enter the root password when prompted.

[Замечание] 32bit Kernel Includes Kdump

The 32bit kernel is now relocatable, so kdump functionality is included. 64bit still requires installation of the -kdump kernel.

[Замечание] Ядро по умолчанию содержит поддержку SMP

There is no separate SMP kernel available for Fedora on i386, x86_64, and ppc64. Multiprocessor support is provided by the native kernel.

[Замечание] Поддержка ядра для PowerPC

There is no support for Xen or kdump for the PowerPC architecture in Fedora. 32-bit PowerPC does still have a separate SMP kernel.

9.4. Сообщения об ошибках

Refer to http://kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/lkml/reporting-bugs.html for information on reporting bugs in the Linux kernel. You may also use http://bugzilla.redhat.com for reporting bugs that are specific to Fedora.

9.5. Следование текстовым документам

Many of the tutorials, examples, and textbooks about Linux kernel development assume the kernel sources are installed under the /usr/src/linux/ directory. If you make a symbolic link, as shown below, you should be able to use those learning materials with the Fedora packages. Install the appropriate kernel sources, as shown earlier, and then run the following command:

su -c 'ln -s /usr/src/kernels/<version>.<release>-<arch> /usr/src/linux' 

Enter the root password when prompted.

9.6. Подготовка к разработке ядра

Fedora 7 does not include the kernel-source package provided by older versions since only the kernel-devel package is required now to build external modules. Configured sources are available, as described in the kernel flavors section.

[Замечание] Эти инструкции относятся к текущему ядру

To simplify the following directions, we have assumed that you want to configure the kernel sources to match your currently-running kernel. In the steps below, the expression <version> refers to the kernel version shown by the command: uname -r.

Users who require access to Fedora original kernel sources can find them in the kernel .src.rpm package. To create an exploded source tree from this file, perform the following steps:

[Замечание] Не выполняйте сборку пакетов от имени суперпользователя (root)

Building packages as the superuser is inherently dangerous and is not required, even for the kernel. These instructions allow you to install the kernel source as a normal user. Many general information sites refer to /usr/src/linux in their kernel instructions. If you use these instructions, simply substitute ~/rpmbuild/BUILD/kernel-<version>/linux-<version>.<arch>."]]

  1. Prepare an RPM package building environment in your home directory. Run the following commands:

    su -c 'yum install rpmdevtools yum-utils' 
    rpmdev-setuptree
    

    Enter the root password when prompted.

  2. Download the kernel-<version>.src.rpm file. Enable any appropriate source repositories, such as Core, Updates, or Testing, with the -e switch:

    yumdownloader -e core-source -e updates-source --source kernel-<version>
    

    Enter the root password when prompted. If you do not specify the version, the latest kernel available in Fedora is downloaded.

  3. Install kernel-<version>.src.rpm using the command:

    su -c 'rpm -Uvh kernel-<version>.src.rpm' 
    

    This command writes the RPM contents into ${HOME}/rpmbuild/SOURCES and ${HOME}/rpmbuild/SPECS, where ${HOME} is your home directory.

    [Замечание] Требуемое пространство на жёстком диске

    Полный процесс сборки ядра может потребовать несколько дополнительных гигабайт дискового пространства на файловой системе, содержащей ваш домашний каталог.

  4. Подготовьте исходный код ядра следующими командами:

    cd ~/rpmbuild/SPECS 
    rpmbuild -bp --target $(uname -m) kernel-2.6.spec
    

    The kernel source tree is located in the ~/rpmbuild/BUILD/kernel-<version>/linux-<version>.<arch> directory.

  5. The configurations for the specific kernels shipped in Fedora 7 are in the ~/rpmbuild/BUILD/kernel-<version>/linux-<version>.<arch>/configs directory. For example, the i686 configuration file is named ~/rpmbuild/BUILD/kernel-<version>/linux-<version>.<arch>/configs/kernel-<version>-i686.config. Issue the following command to place the desired configuration file in the proper place for building:

    cp configs/<desired-config-file> .config 
    
  6. Every kernel gets a name based on its version number. This is the value the uname -r command displays. The kernel name is defined by the first four lines of the kernel Makefile. The Makefile has been changed to generate a kernel with a different name from that of the running kernel. To be accepted by the running kernel, a module must be compiled for a kernel with the correct name. To do this, you must edit the kernel Makefile.

    Например, если uname -r выводит строку 2.6.17-1.2345_FC6, измените определение EXTRAVERSION с:

    EXTRAVERSION = -prep 
    

    на

    EXTRAVERSION = -1.2345_FC6 
    

    Замените все что находится после дефиса и до конца.

  7. Введите следующую команду:

    make oldconfig 
    

    Далее вы можете продолжать как обычно.

[Замечание] Построение двоичных RPM пакетов ядра

Обычно, ядра для Fedora собираются при помощи утилиты rpmbuild и файла spec. Результат сборки может измениться, если вы используете встроенную цель сборки для ядра make rpm.

9.7. Построение только модулей ядра

An exploded source tree is not required to build a kernel module, such as your own device driver, against the currently in-use kernel. Only the kernel-devel package is required to build external modules. If you did not select it during installation, use Pirut to install it (via ApplicationsAdd/Remove Software) or use yum to install it. Run the following command to install the kernel-devel package using yum.

su -c 'yum install kernel-devel' 

Например, для сборки модуля foo.ko создайте файл Makefile следующего содержания в каталоге с файлом foo.c:

obj-m := foo.o 

KDIR  := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
PWD   := $(shell pwd)

default:
    $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules

Выполните команду make для сборки модуля foo.ko.

10. Рабочий стол Fedora

В этом разделе рассматриваются изменения, затрагивающие пользователй рабочего стола Fedora.

10.1. Localized Common User Directories (xdg-user-dirs)

This release of Fedora now includes the new common user directory structure, xdg-user-dirs. Features of these new user directories include:

  • Directory names can be localized (translated)

  • Includes a set of common directories by default, such as for documents, music, pictures, and downloads.

  • Appear as common bookmarks in the file browser, and are picked up by many applications as app-specific defaults. For example, a music player would start the file opening dialog in the default music directory.

  • Configurable by users, who can move or rename the directories via the Nautilus file manager, or by editing ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs.

10.2. Управление программами

The performance for the yum software management utility has been greatly improved in Fedora 7. The repository metadata parser has now been implemented in C. A new mirror management infrastructure also ensures better mirror selection and, in most cases, faster performance. The Pirut package management tool and the Pup software update utility are based on yum, so their performance is likewise improved.

10.3. GNOME

This release features GNOME 2.18 (http://www.gnome.org/start/2.18/)

Экран приветствия GNOME был намеренно отключен разработчиками. Для его включения используйте gconf-editor или следующую команду:

gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-session/options/show_splash_screen --type bool true

Тема диалогового окна блокировки экрана в этом выпуске не связана с выбранным хранителем экрана. Для ее задействования используйте gconf-editor или следующую команду:

gconftool-2 --set  --type string /apps/gnome-screensaver/lock_dialog_theme  "system"

10.4. Web-браузеры

This release of Fedora includes version 2.0 of the popular Firefox web browser. Refer to http://firefox.com/ for more information about Firefox.

10.5. Почтовые клиенты

Пакет mail-notification был разделен. Подключаемый модуль Evolution теперь является отдельным пакетом с именем mail-notification-evolution-plugin. При обновлении пакета mail-notification подключаемый модуль будет добавлен автоматически.

11. Файловые системы

Fedora 7 provides basic support for encrypted swap partitions and non-root file systems. To use it, add entries to /etc/crypttab and reference the created devices in /etc/fstab.

[Замечание] Шифрованная ФС не доступна в процессе установки

Enable file system encryption after installation. Anaconda does not have support for creating encrypted block devices.

Следующий пример показывает запись в /etc/crypttab для раздела подкачки:

my_swap /dev/hdb1 /dev/urandom swap,cipher=aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 

This creates an encrypted block device /dev/mapper/my_swap, which can be referenced in /etc/fstab. The next example shows an entry for a filesystem volume:

my_volume /dev/hda5 /etc/volume_key cipher=aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 

The /etc/volume_key file contains a plaintext encryption key. You can also specify none as the key file name, and the system instead asks for the encryption key during boot.

The recommended method is to use LUKS for file system volumes: (using LUKS you can drop the cipher= part in crypttab).

  1. Создайте шифрованный том при помощи cryptsetup luksFormat

  2. Добавьте необходимую запись в /etc/crypttab

  3. Активизируйте том вручную при помощи cryptsetup luksOpen или перезагрузите систему

  4. Создайте файловую систему на зашифрованном томе

  5. Создайте запись в /etc/fstab

12. Web-серверы

Fedora 7 includes version 2.2.4 of the Apache HTTP Server. Users upgrading from version 2.0 (included in Fedora Core 4 and earlier) must make changes to their httpd configuration; refer to http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/upgrading.html for more details.

Users of the mod_dbd module should note that the apr-util DBD driver for PostgreSQL is now distributed as a separate dynamically-loaded module. The driver module is now included in the apr-util-pgsql package. A MySQL driver is now also available, in the apr-util-mysql package.

13. Mail Servers

This section concerns electronic mail servers or mail transfer agents (MTAs).

13.1. exim-sa

The exim-sa package is deprecated since Fedora Extras 6. It was the original implementation of SpamAssassin integration with Exim, and was functionally similar to sendmail milters or postfix filters. However, that functionality is rather limited, and Exim now has far better support for content checking, fully integrated into its general-purpose Access Control Lists.

Since the sa_exim feature was not enabled in the default configuration, the package can normally be safely uninstalled to allow Exim to be upgraded. Users who have modified their configuration to use sa_exim features should either reconfigure to use Exim's full content scanning abilities or rebuild the package for themselves to include the exim-sa subpackage. For further details on Exim's built-in content scanning, refer to the Exim documentation:

http://www.exim.org/exim-html-4.62/doc/html/spec_html/ch40.html

14. Разработка

В этом разделе рассматриваются различные средства и возможности для разработки.

14.1. Утилиты

14.1.1. Коллекция компиляторов GCC

Данный выпуск Fedora был собран при помощи компилятора GCC 4.1, входящего в состав дистрибутива.

14.1.2. Eclipse

This release of Fedora includes Fedora Eclipse, based on the Eclipse SDK version 3.2.2 (http://www.eclipse.org). The "New and Noteworthy" page for the 3.2.x series of releases can be accessed at http://download.eclipse.org/eclipse/downloads/drops/R-3.2-200606291905/new_noteworthy/eclipse-news.html. Release notes specific to 3.2.2 are available at http://www.eclipse.org/eclipse/development/readme_eclipse_3.2.2.html.

The Eclipse SDK is known variously as "the Eclipse Platform," "the Eclipse IDE," and "Eclipse." The Eclipse SDK is the foundation for the combined release of ten Eclipse projects under the Callisto combined release umbrella (http://www.eclipse.org/callisto). A few of these Callisto projects are included in Fedora: CDT (http://www.eclipse.org/cdt, for C/C++ development, EMF (http://www.eclipse.org/emf) the Eclipse Modeling Framework, and GEF (http://www.eclipse.org/gef), the Graphical Editing Framework.

Many third-party Eclipse projects are also available, including Subclipse (http://subclipse.tigris.org/) for integrating Subversion version control, PyDev (http://pydev.sf.net) for developing in Python, and PHPeclipse (http://www.phpeclipse.de/) for developing in PHP. Mylar (http://eclipse.org/mylar), a task-focused UI for Eclipse, is also available in Fedora with task connectors for Bugzilla and Trac. It was not part of Callisto but will be part of the forthcoming Europa combined Eclipse release.

Assistance in getting more projects packaged and tested with GCJ is always welcome. Contact the interested parties through fedora-devel-java-list (http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/fedora-devel-java-list/) and/or #fedora-java on freenode.

Fedora also includes plugins and features that are particularly useful to FLOSS hackers, ChangeLog editing with eclipse-changelog, and Bugzilla interaction with eclipse-mylar-bugzilla. Our CDT package also includes the work-in-progress GNU Autotools plugin. This plugin allows end-users to use Eclipse to build and maintain C/C++ projects that use GNU autotools. Enhancements to the CDT include:

  • Performing configuration prior to build

  • Special editors for autoconf/automake input files

  • Special help for autoconf macros

  • Hover help for C library functions

  • A special console for configuration

The latest information regarding these projects can be found at the Fedora Eclipse Project page: http://sourceware.org/eclipse/.

This release includes 21 language packs for the Eclipse SDK. Each language is packed into a separate package, such as eclipse-sdk-nls-ko for the Korean translation.

14.1.2.1. Non-packaged Plugins/Features

Fedora Eclipse contains a patch to allow non-root users to make use of the Update Manager functionality for installing non-packaged plugins and features. Such plugins are installed in the user's home directory under the .eclipse directory. Please note, however, that these plugins do not have associated GCJ-compiled bits and may therefore run slower than expected.

14.1.2.2. Alternative Java Runtime Environments

The Fedora free JRE does not satisfy every user, so Fedora does allow the installation of alternative JREs. A caveat exists, however, for installing proprietary JREs on 64-bit machines.

The 64-bit JNI libraries shipped by default on x86_64 systems in Fedora do not run on 32-bit proprietary JREs. In other words, do not try to run Fedora's x86_64 Eclipse packages on Sun's 32-bit JRE. They fail in confusing ways. Either switch to a 64-bit proprietary JRE, or install the 32-bit version of the packages, if available. To install a 32-bit version, use the following command:

yum install <package_name>.i386 

Аналогично 32-разрядные JNI библиотеки, поставляемым по умолчанию для систем ppc64, не работают на 64-разрядной JRE. Для установки 64-разрядной версии используйте команду:

yum install <package_name>.ppc64 
14.1.2.3. Europa/Eclipse 3.3

In June 2007, the Eclipse community is releasing the Europa combined release of an assortment of plugins and features. This will be based on and include version 3.3 of the Eclipse SDK. This is a major change and because of that, Fedora Eclipse is not going to be re-basing on Europa until Fedora 8. This means that versions of Eclipse-based applications included in Fedora such as RSSOwl and Azureus may lag upstream releases if they require features only available in Eclipse 3.3.

15. Безопасность

This section highlights various security items from Fedora.

15.1. Общая информация

A general introduction to the many proactive security features in Fedora, current status, and policies is available at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Security.

15.1.1. SELinux

Страницы проекта SELinux содержат подсказки по устранению проблем, разъяснения и ссылки на документацию и справочную информацию. Некоторые из полезных ссылок приведены ниже:

16. Java и java-gcj-compat

This release of Fedora includes a free and open source Java environment called java-gcj-compat. The java-gcj-compat collection includes a tool suite and execution environment that is capable of building and running many useful programs that are written in the Java programming language.

[Замечание] Fedora Does Not Include Java

Java is a trademark of Sun Microsystems. java-gcj-compat is an entirely free software stack that is not Java, but may run Java software.

The java-gcj infrastructure has three key components: a GNU Java runtime (libgcj), the Eclipse Java compiler (ecj), and a set of wrappers and links (java-gcj-compat) that present the runtime and compiler to the user in a manner similar to other Java environments.

The Java software packages in this Fedora release use the java-gcj-compat environment. These packages include OpenOffice.org Base, Eclipse, and Apache Tomcat. Refer to the Java FAQ at http://www.fedoraproject.org/wiki/JavaFAQ for more information on the java-gcj-compat free Java environment in Fedora.

[Важно] Включайте информацию о расположении и версиях в отчеты об ошибках

Подготавливая отчет об ошибке включайте вывод следующих команд:

which java && java -version && which javac && javac -version 

16.1. Работа с Java и and Java-подобными пакетами

In addition to the java-gcj-compat free software stack, Fedora lets you install multiple Java implementations and switch between them using the alternatives command line tool. However, every Java system you install must be packaged using the JPackage Project packaging guidelines to take advantage of alternatives. Once these packages are installed properly, the root user may switch between java and javac implementations using the alternatives command:

alternatives --config java  
alternatives --config javac

16.2. Работа с Java апплетами

This release of Fedora includes a preview release of gcjwebplugin, a Firefox plugin for Java applets. gcjwebplugin is not enabled by default because although the security implementation in GNU Classpath is being actively developed, it is not mature enough to run untrusted applets safely. That said, the AWT and Swing implementations in GNU Classpath are now sufficiently mature that they can run many applets deployed on the web. Adventurous users who want to try gcjwebplugin can read /usr/share/doc/libgcj-4.1.2/README.libgcjwebplugin.so, as installed by the libgcj package. The README explains how to enable the plugin and the risks associated with doing so.

16.3. Fedora и Java пакеты JPackage

Fedora includes many packages derived from the JPackage Project, which provides a Java software repository. These packages are modified in Fedora to remove proprietary software dependencies and to make use of GCJ's ahead-of-time compilation feature. Use the Fedora repositories to update these packages, or use the JPackage repository for packages not provided by Fedora. Refer to the JPackage website at http://jpackage.org for more information on the project and the software it provides.

[Внимание] Смешивание пакетов Fedora и JPackage

Необходимо провести исследование на совместимость перед выполнением установки из обоих репозитариев Fedora и JPackage на одной системе. Несовместимость пакетов может привести к сложноразрешимым ситуациям.

Refer to the latest release notes pertaining to Eclipse at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Beats/Devel/Tools/Eclipse.

16.4. Maven (v2)

This release of Fedora includes maven2, a Java project management and project comprehension tool. Maven can be invoked by the mvn and mvn-jpp commands. The former makes Maven behave just like upstream Maven, while the latter calls mvn with additional properties that make off-line building easier.

The maven2 package in Fedora is modified to work in a fully off-line mode. With no additional properties defined (the mvn command), maven2 works exactly like upstream Maven. Users may define additional properties to facilitate off-line builds, or call mvn-jpp, a wrapper that defines the most commonly used properties for off-line building. The properties and their usage details are described in the /usr/share/doc/maven2-2.0.4/maven2-jpp-readme.html file, which comes from the maven2-manual package.

17. Мультимедиа

Fedora includes applications for assorted multimedia functions, including playback, recording, and editing. Additional packages are available through the Fedora Extras repository. For additional information about multimedia in Fedora, refer to the Multimedia section of the Fedora Project website at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Multimedia.

17.1. Мультимедиа проигрыватели

The default installation of Fedora includes Rhythmbox and Totem for media playback. The Fedora repositories include many other popular programs such as the XMMS player and KDE's amaroK. Both GNOME and KDE have a selection of players that can be used with a variety of formats. Third parties may offer additional programs to handle other formats.

Fedora also takes full advantage of the Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) sound system. Many programs can play sound simultaneously, which was once difficult on Linux systems. When all multimedia software is configured to use ALSA for sound support, this limitation disappears. For more information about ALSA, visit the project website at http://www.alsa-project.org/. Users may still experience issues when multiple users log into the system. Depending upon hardware and software configurations, multiple users may not be able to use the sound hardware simultaneously.

17.1.1. Codec Buddy

New in Fedora is the Codec Buddy, which detects when you are trying to play a multimedia format without the needed codecs installed. If the codec needed is not free and open, Codec Buddy offers options for obtaining the needed codecs.

17.2. Форматы Ogg и Xiph.Org

Fedora includes complete support for the Ogg media container format and the Vorbis audio, Theora video, Speex audio, and FLAC lossless audio formats. These freely-distributable formats are not encumbered by patent or license restrictions. They provide powerful and flexible alternatives to more popular, restricted formats. The Fedora Project encourages the use of open formats in place of restricted ones. For more information on these formats and how to use them, refer to the Xiph.Org Foundation's web site at http://www.xiph.org/.

17.3. MP3, DVD и иные исключенные мультимедиа форматы

Fedora software repositories cannot include support for MP3 or DVD video playback or recording. The MP3 formats are patented, and the patent holders have not provided the necessary patent licenses. DVD video formats are patented and equipped with an encryption scheme. The patent holders have not provided the necessary patent licenses, and the code needed to decrypt CSS-encrypted discs may violate the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, a copyright law of the United States. Fedora also excludes other multimedia software due to patent, copyright, or license restrictions, including Adobe's Flash Player and Real Media's Real Player. For more on this subject, please refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/ForbiddenItems.

While other MP3 options may be available for Fedora, Fluendo now offers a free MP3 plugin for GStreamer that has the necessary patent license for end users. This plugin enables MP3 support in applications that use the GStreamer framework as a backend. Fedora does not include this plugin since we prefer to support and encourage the use of patent unrestricted open formats instead. For more information about the MP3 plugin, visit Fluendo's website at http://www.fluendo.com/.

17.4. Подготовка и запись CD и DVD

Fedora software repositories includes a variety of tools for easily mastering and burning CDs and DVDs. GNOME users can burn directly from the Nautilus file manager, choose the gnomebaker or graveman packages from Fedora Extras, or utilize the older xcdroast package from Fedora. KDE users can use the robust k3b package for these tasks. Console tools include cdrecord, readcd, mkisofs, and other popular applications.

17.5. Screencasts

You can use Fedora to create and play back screencasts, which are recorded desktop sessions, using open technologies. Fedora Extras software repository includes istanbul, which creates screencasts using the Theora video format. These videos can be played back using one of several players included in Fedora. This is the preferred way to submit screencasts to the Fedora Project for either developer or end-user use. For a more comprehensive how-to, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/ScreenCasting.

17.6. Расширенная поддержка при помощи plugin-модулей

Most of the media players in Fedora software repositories can use plugins to add support for additional media formats and sound output systems. Some use powerful multimedia frameworks, like the gstreamer package, to handle media format support and sound output. Fedora software repositories offer plugin packages for these backends and for individual applications. Third parties may provide additional plugins to add even greater capabilities.

18. Игры и развлечения

Fedora provides a selection of games that cover a variety of genres. Users can install a small package of games for GNOME (called gnome-games) and KDE (kdegames). There are also many additional games that span every major genre available in the repositories.

The Fedora Project website features a section dedicated to games that details many of the available games, including overviews and installation instructions. For more information, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Games.

For a list of other games that are available for installation, use the Pirut graphical utility (ApplicationsAdd/Remove Software), or via the command line:

yum groupinfo "Games and Entertainment" 

For help using yum to install the assorted game packages, refer to the guide available at:x

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/yum/

18.1. Haxima

Fedora 7 includes version 0.5.6 of the Nazghul old-school role playing game engine and its companion game Haxima. This version is not compatible with saved games from previous Nazghul versions, so those with Haxima games in progress need to restart their games after updating to Fedora 7.

19. Виртуализация

Virtualization in Fedora 7 is based on Xen 3.0.4 and is integrated within the Fedora installer. Refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Tools/Xen for more information about Xen.

19.1. Типы виртуализации

Under Fedora using Xen 3.0.4, both paravirtualization and full virtualization can be implemented. Full virtualization requires a VT-capable processor. Paravirtualization does not require special hardware, but does require the guest OS to be modified. To learn more about how to configure and use Xen, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FedoraXenQuickstartFC6.

19.2. Гостевые операционные системы

The Fedora 7 development team has tested Xen with Fedora 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 guests. Other guests have not been tested. With paravirtualization, however, users can expect reasonable success running any Linux guest OS that was built for Xen 3.0.4. With full virtualization using VT hardware, users can expect reasonable success with a larger variety of operating systems, including some proprietary operating systems.

19.3. Изменения в пакетах Xen

The following improvements have been made in the virtualization packages in Fedora 7:

  • The applications virt-manager and virsh can now work with inactive domains. Previously, only xm could handle inactive domains

  • The mouse cursor problems with the virtual frame buffer have been fixed, for a better user experience in GUI modes

  • Miscellaneous other small improvements and fixes have been made.

20. Система X Window (Графическая)

This section contains information related to the X Window System implementation, X.org, provided with Fedora.

20.1. Изменения настроек X

The X.org 7.2 X server has been modified to automatically detect and configure most hardware, eliminating the need for users or administrators to modify the /etc/X11/xorg.conf configuration file. The only hardware configured by default in the xorg.conf file written by anaconda is:

  • The graphics driver

  • The keyboard map

Все остальное оборудование, как например, мониторы (CRT и TFT), USB мыши и сенсорные панели должно быть выявлено и настроено автоматически.

The X server queries the attached monitor for supported resolution ranges, and attempts to pick the highest resolution available with the correct aspect ratio for the display. Users can set their preferred resolution in SystemPreferencesScreen Resolution, and the default resolution for the system can be changed with SystemAdministrationDisplay.

Если конфигурационный файл /etc/X11/xorg.conf отсутствует, что X также автоматически выявит подходящий драйвер и установит 105-клавишную раскладку клавиатуры - США.

20.2. Intel Driver Notes

Fedora 7 contains two drivers for Intel integrated graphics controllers:

  • The default i810 driver, which contains support for Intel graphics chipsets up to and including i945 and i965

  • The experimental intel driver, which contains support for Intel graphics chipsets up to and including i945

The i810 driver is limited to resolutions available in the BIOS. If you need support for non-standard resolutions, such as those used in some widescreen displays, you may want to switch to the intel driver. You may switch drivers by using system-config-display, available in the menus under SystemAdministrationDisplay.

We welcome feedback on the experimental intel driver. Please report success in Bugzilla, attaching the full output of lspci -vn for your machine. Given success reports, various chipsets may be switched to use the intel driver by default.

20.3. Third Party Video Drivers

If you intend to use third party video drivers, refer to the Xorg third party drivers page for detailed guidelines:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Xorg/3rdPartyVideoDrivers

21. Серверы баз данных

21.1. MySQL

Fedora now provides MySQL 5.0. For a list of the enhancements provided by this version, refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/mysql-5-0-nutshell.html.

For more information on upgrading databases from previous releases of MySQL, refer to the MySQL website at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/upgrade.html.

21.1.1. DBD Driver

The MySQL DBD driver has been dual-licensed and the related licensing issues have been resolved (https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=222237). The resulting apr-util-mysql package is now included in the Fedora software repositories.

21.2. PostgreSQL

This release of Fedora includes PostgreSQL 8.2. For more information on this new version, refer to http://www.postgresql.org/docs/whatsnew.

[Важно] Обновление баз данных

Before upgrading an existing Fedora system with a PostgreSQL database, it could be necessary to follow the procedure described at http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.1/interactive/install-upgrading.html. Otherwise the data may be not accessible by the new version of PostgreSQL.

22. Интернационализация (i18n)

This section includes information on language support under Fedora.

22.1. Методы ввода

When upgrading from earlier releases of Fedora, it is strongly recommended to install scim-bridge-gtk, which works well with 3rd party C++ applications linked against older versions of libstdc++.

When SCIM is installed, it runs by default for users of all locales. If SCIM is installed but you do not wish to run it on your desktop, disable it using im-chooser.

The following table lists the default trigger hotkeys for different languages:

Язык Клавиша-переключатель
все Ctrl-Пробел
Японский Zenkaku_Hankaku or Alt-`
Корейский Shift-Пробел or Hangul

22.1.1. Установка языков

To install additional language support from the Languages group, use Pirut via ApplicationsAdd/Remove Software, or run this command:

su -c 'yum groupinstall <language>-support' 

In the command above, <language> is one of assamese, bengali, chinese, gujarati, hindi, japanese, kannada, korean, malayalam, marathi, oriya, punjabi, sinhala, tamil, thai, or telegu.

22.2. M17n Changes

Package m17n-db:

23. Обратная Совместимость

Fedora provides legacy system libraries for compatibility with older software. This software is part of the Legacy Software Development group, which is not installed by default. Users who require this functionality may select this group either during installation or after the installation process is complete. To install the package group on a Fedora system, use ApplicationsAdd/Remove Software (Pirut) or enter the following command in a terminal window:

su -c 'yum groupinstall "Legacy Software Development"'

Введите в ответ на запрос пароль пользователя root.

23.1. Совместимость компилятора

The compat-gcc-34 package has been included for compatibility reasons:

https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-devel-list/2006-August/msg00409.html

24. Изменения пакетов

[Замечание] Данный список сформирован автоматически

Данный список сформирован автоматически. Это трудный для перевода материал.

04-Apr-2007 This content is not generated for the XML output for translation. Insert this content before building the release notes for Fedora 7 test4.

This list was made using the {{{treediff}}} utility, ran as {{{treediff newtree oldtree}}} against the rawhide tree of 28 Feb. 2006.

For a list of which packages were updated since the previous release, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Beats/PackageChanges/UpdatedPackages. You can also find a comparison of major packages between all Fedora versions at http://distrowatch.com/fedora.

Insert treediff list here.

25. Fedora Legacy - Проект сообщества по сопровождению

The Fedora Legacy Project was a community-supported open source project to extend the lifecycle of select "maintenance mode" Red Hat Linux and Fedora Core distributions. The current model for supporting maintenance distributions has been re-examined. Fedora Legacy was unable to extend support to older Fedora Core releases as it had planned. As of now, Fedora Core 4 and earlier distributions are no longer being maintained. Fedora Core 5 will no longer be maintained 30 days after the Fedora 7 release.

[Замечание] Legacy Repo was included in Fedora Core 6

Fedora Core 6 shipped with a software repository configuration for Fedora Legacy. This repository was not enabled by default in the Fedora Core 6 release.

26. Проект Fedora

The goal of the Fedora Project is to work with the Linux community to build a complete, general-purpose operating system exclusively from open source software. Development is done in a public forum. The project produces releases of Fedora approximately 2 times a year, with a public release schedule available at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/Schedule. The Red Hat engineering team continues to participate in building Fedora and invites and encourages more outside participation than was possible in the past. By using this more open process, we hope to provide an operating system more in line with the ideals of free software and more appealing to the open source community. For more information, refer to the Fedora Project website at http://fedoraproject.org.

The Fedora Project is driven by the individuals that contribute to it. As a tester, developer, documenter, or translator, you can make a difference. See http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Join for details. For information on the channels of communication for Fedora users and contributors, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicate.

Помимо веб-сайта, существуют также следующие списки рассылки:

To subscribe to any of these lists, send an email with the word "subscribe" in the subject to <listname>-request, where <listname> is one of the above list names. Alternately, you can subscribe to Fedora mailing lists through the Web interface at http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/.

The Fedora Project also uses several IRC (Internet Relay Chat) channels. IRC is a real-time, text-based form of communication, similar to Instant Messaging. With it, you may have conversations with multiple people in an open channel, or chat with someone privately one-on-one. To talk with other Fedora Project participants via IRC, access the Freenode IRC network. Refer to the Freenode website at http://www.freenode.net/ for more information.

Fedora Project participants frequent the #fedora channel on the Freenode network, while Fedora Project developers may often be found on the #fedora-devel channel. Some of the larger projects may have their own channels as well. This information may be found on the webpage for the project, and at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicate.

In order to talk on the #fedora channel, you need to register your nickname, or nick. Instructions are given when you /join the channel.

[Замечание] Каналы IRC

Проект Fedora и компания Red Hat и не управляют IRC-каналами проекта Fedora или их содержимым.

27. Выходные сведения

Мы используем термин выходные сведения, который означает:

  • способ указать участников и показать их область деятельности.

  • разъяснение методов подготовки и используемые средства.

27.1. Участники

... и многие другие переводчики. Обратитесь к обновленной Web версии этих замечаний к выпуску, мы добавим переводчиков после выпуска:

http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/

27.2. Способы подготовки

Beat writers produce the release notes directly on the Fedora Project Wiki. They collaborate with other subject matter experts during the test release phase of Fedora to explain important changes and enhancements. The editorial team ensures consistency and quality of the finished beats, and ports the Wiki material to DocBook XML in a revision control repository. At this point, the team of translators produces other language versions of the release notes, and then they become available to the general public as part of Fedora. The publication team also makes them, and subsequent errata, available via the Web.