001/* 002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 003 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with 004 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. 005 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 006 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with 007 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 008 * 009 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 010 * 011 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 012 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 013 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 014 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 015 * limitations under the License. 016 */ 017package org.openstreetmap.josm.data.validation.routines; 018 019import java.net.IDN; 020import java.util.Arrays; 021import java.util.Locale; 022 023import org.openstreetmap.josm.tools.Logging; 024 025/** 026 * <p><b>Domain name</b> validation routines.</p> 027 * 028 * <p> 029 * This validator provides methods for validating Internet domain names 030 * and top-level domains. 031 * </p> 032 * 033 * <p>Domain names are evaluated according 034 * to the standards <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC1034</a>, 035 * section 3, and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a>, 036 * section 2.1. No accommodation is provided for the specialized needs of 037 * other applications; if the domain name has been URL-encoded, for example, 038 * validation will fail even though the equivalent plaintext version of the 039 * same name would have passed. 040 * </p> 041 * 042 * <p> 043 * Validation is also provided for top-level domains (TLDs) as defined and 044 * maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA): 045 * </p> 046 * 047 * <ul> 048 * <li>{@link #isValidInfrastructureTld} - validates infrastructure TLDs 049 * (<code>.arpa</code>, etc.)</li> 050 * <li>{@link #isValidGenericTld} - validates generic TLDs 051 * (<code>.com, .org</code>, etc.)</li> 052 * <li>{@link #isValidCountryCodeTld} - validates country code TLDs 053 * (<code>.us, .uk, .cn</code>, etc.)</li> 054 * </ul> 055 * 056 * <p> 057 * (<b>NOTE</b>: This class does not provide IP address lookup for domain names or 058 * methods to ensure that a given domain name matches a specific IP; see 059 * {@link java.net.InetAddress} for that functionality.) 060 * </p> 061 * 062 * @version $Revision: 1740822 $ 063 * @since Validator 1.4 064 */ 065public final class DomainValidator extends AbstractValidator { 066 067 private static final int MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH = 253; 068 069 private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = new String[0]; 070 071 // Regular expression strings for hostnames (derived from RFC2396 and RFC 1123) 072 073 // RFC2396: domainlabel = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum 074 // Max 63 characters 075 private static final String DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alnum}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?"; 076 077 // RFC2396 toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum 078 // Max 63 characters 079 private static final String TOP_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alpha}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?"; 080 081 // RFC2396 hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ] 082 // Note that the regex currently requires both a domain label and a top level label, whereas 083 // the RFC does not. This is because the regex is used to detect if a TLD is present. 084 // If the match fails, input is checked against DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX (hostnameRegex) 085 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit 086 private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX = 087 "^(?:" + DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX + "\\.)+" + "(" + TOP_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.?$"; 088 089 private final boolean allowLocal; 090 091 /** 092 * Singleton instance of this validator, which 093 * doesn't consider local addresses as valid. 094 */ 095 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR = new DomainValidator(false); 096 097 /** 098 * Singleton instance of this validator, which does 099 * consider local addresses valid. 100 */ 101 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL = new DomainValidator(true); 102 103 /** 104 * RegexValidator for matching domains. 105 */ 106 private final RegexValidator domainRegex = 107 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX); 108 /** 109 * RegexValidator for matching a local hostname 110 */ 111 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit 112 private final RegexValidator hostnameRegex = 113 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX); 114 115 /** 116 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator. It 117 * will not consider local addresses as valid. 118 * @return the singleton instance of this validator 119 */ 120 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance() { 121 inUse = true; 122 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR; 123 } 124 125 /** 126 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator, 127 * with local validation as required. 128 * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid? 129 * @return the singleton instance of this validator 130 */ 131 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(boolean allowLocal) { 132 inUse = true; 133 if (allowLocal) { 134 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL; 135 } 136 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR; 137 } 138 139 /** 140 * Private constructor. 141 * @param allowLocal whether to allow local domains 142 */ 143 private DomainValidator(boolean allowLocal) { 144 this.allowLocal = allowLocal; 145 } 146 147 /** 148 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> parses 149 * as a valid domain name with a recognized top-level domain. 150 * The parsing is case-insensitive. 151 * @param domain the parameter to check for domain name syntax 152 * @return true if the parameter is a valid domain name 153 */ 154 @Override 155 public boolean isValid(String domain) { 156 if (domain == null) { 157 return false; 158 } 159 String asciiDomain = unicodeToASCII(domain); 160 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode 161 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode 162 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII 163 // checks in the regexes below 164 if (asciiDomain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) { 165 return false; 166 } 167 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(asciiDomain); 168 if (groups != null && groups.length > 0) { 169 return isValidTld(groups[0]); 170 } 171 return allowLocal && hostnameRegex.isValid(asciiDomain); 172 } 173 174 @Override 175 public String getValidatorName() { 176 return null; 177 } 178 179 // package protected for unit test access 180 // must agree with isValid() above 181 boolean isValidDomainSyntax(String domain) { 182 if (domain == null) { 183 return false; 184 } 185 String asciiDomain = unicodeToASCII(domain); 186 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode 187 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode 188 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII 189 // checks in the regexes below 190 if (asciiDomain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) { 191 return false; 192 } 193 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(asciiDomain); 194 return (groups != null && groups.length > 0) 195 || hostnameRegex.isValid(asciiDomain); 196 } 197 198 /** 199 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 200 * IANA-defined top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present. 201 * The search is case-insensitive. 202 * @param tld the parameter to check for TLD status, not null 203 * @return true if the parameter is a TLD 204 */ 205 public boolean isValidTld(String tld) { 206 String asciiTld = unicodeToASCII(tld); 207 if (allowLocal && isValidLocalTld(asciiTld)) { 208 return true; 209 } 210 return isValidInfrastructureTld(asciiTld) 211 || isValidGenericTld(asciiTld) 212 || isValidCountryCodeTld(asciiTld); 213 } 214 215 /** 216 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 217 * IANA-defined infrastructure top-level domain. Leading dots are 218 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 219 * @param iTld the parameter to check for infrastructure TLD status, not null 220 * @return true if the parameter is an infrastructure TLD 221 */ 222 public boolean isValidInfrastructureTld(String iTld) { 223 if (iTld == null) return false; 224 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(iTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 225 return arrayContains(INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS, key); 226 } 227 228 /** 229 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 230 * IANA-defined generic top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored 231 * if present. The search is case-insensitive. 232 * @param gTld the parameter to check for generic TLD status, not null 233 * @return true if the parameter is a generic TLD 234 */ 235 public boolean isValidGenericTld(String gTld) { 236 if (gTld == null) return false; 237 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(gTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 238 return (arrayContains(GENERIC_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(genericTLDsPlus, key)) 239 && !arrayContains(genericTLDsMinus, key); 240 } 241 242 /** 243 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 244 * IANA-defined country code top-level domain. Leading dots are 245 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 246 * @param ccTld the parameter to check for country code TLD status, not null 247 * @return true if the parameter is a country code TLD 248 */ 249 public boolean isValidCountryCodeTld(String ccTld) { 250 if (ccTld == null) return false; 251 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(ccTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 252 return (arrayContains(COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsPlus, key)) 253 && !arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsMinus, key); 254 } 255 256 /** 257 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 258 * widely used "local" domains (localhost or localdomain). Leading dots are 259 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 260 * @param lTld the parameter to check for local TLD status, not null 261 * @return true if the parameter is an local TLD 262 */ 263 public boolean isValidLocalTld(String lTld) { 264 if (lTld == null) return false; 265 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(lTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 266 return arrayContains(LOCAL_TLDS, key); 267 } 268 269 private static String chompLeadingDot(String str) { 270 if (str.startsWith(".")) { 271 return str.substring(1); 272 } 273 return str; 274 } 275 276 // --------------------------------------------- 277 // ----- TLDs defined by IANA 278 // ----- Authoritative and comprehensive list at: 279 // ----- http://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt 280 281 // Note that the above list is in UPPER case. 282 // The code currently converts strings to lower case (as per the tables below) 283 284 // IANA also provide an HTML list at http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db 285 // Note that this contains several country code entries which are NOT in 286 // the text file. These all have the "Not assigned" in the "Sponsoring Organisation" column 287 // For example (as of 2015-01-02): 288 // .bl country-code Not assigned 289 // .um country-code Not assigned 290 291 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 292 private static final String[] INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS = { 293 "arpa", // internet infrastructure 294 }; 295 296 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 297 private static final String[] GENERIC_TLDS = { 298 // Taken from Version 2019120700, Last Updated Sat Dec 7 07:07:01 2019 UTC 299 "aaa", // aaa American Automobile Association, Inc. 300 "aarp", // aarp AARP 301 "abarth", // abarth Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 302 "abb", // abb ABB Ltd 303 "abbott", // abbott Abbott Laboratories, Inc. 304 "abbvie", // abbvie AbbVie Inc. 305 "abc", // abc Disney Enterprises, Inc. 306 "able", // able Able Inc. 307 "abogado", // abogado Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 308 "abudhabi", // abudhabi Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre 309 "academy", // academy Half Oaks, LLC 310 "accenture", // accenture Accenture plc 311 "accountant", // accountant dot Accountant Limited 312 "accountants", // accountants Knob Town, LLC 313 "aco", // aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG 314 "actor", // actor United TLD Holdco Ltd. 315 "adac", // adac Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC) 316 "ads", // ads Charleston Road Registry Inc. 317 "adult", // adult ICM Registry AD LLC 318 "aeg", // aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux 319 "aero", // aero Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique (SITA INC USA) 320 "aetna", // aetna Aetna Life Insurance Company 321 "afamilycompany", // afamilycompany Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 322 "afl", // afl Australian Football League 323 "africa", // africa ZA Central Registry NPC trading as Registry.Africa 324 "agakhan", // agakhan Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 325 "agency", // agency Steel Falls, LLC 326 "aig", // aig American International Group, Inc. 327 "aigo", // aigo aigo Digital Technology Co,Ltd. 328 "airbus", // airbus Airbus S.A.S. 329 "airforce", // airforce United TLD Holdco Ltd. 330 "airtel", // airtel Bharti Airtel Limited 331 "akdn", // akdn Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 332 "alfaromeo", // alfaromeo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 333 "alibaba", // alibaba Alibaba Group Holding Limited 334 "alipay", // alipay Alibaba Group Holding Limited 335 "allfinanz", // allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft 336 "allstate", // allstate Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company 337 "ally", // ally Ally Financial Inc. 338 "alsace", // alsace REGION D ALSACE 339 "alstom", // alstom ALSTOM 340 "americanexpress", // americanexpress American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. 341 "americanfamily", // americanfamily AmFam, Inc. 342 "amex", // amex American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. 343 "amfam", // amfam AmFam, Inc. 344 "amica", // amica Amica Mutual Insurance Company 345 "amsterdam", // amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam 346 "analytics", // analytics Campus IP LLC 347 "android", // android Charleston Road Registry Inc. 348 "anquan", // anquan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 349 "anz", // anz Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited 350 "aol", // aol AOL Inc. 351 "apartments", // apartments June Maple, LLC 352 "app", // app Charleston Road Registry Inc. 353 "apple", // apple Apple Inc. 354 "aquarelle", // aquarelle Aquarelle.com 355 "arab", // arab League of Arab States 356 "aramco", // aramco Aramco Services Company 357 "archi", // archi STARTING DOT LIMITED 358 "army", // army United TLD Holdco Ltd. 359 "art", // art UK Creative Ideas Limited 360 "arte", // arte Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E. 361 "asda", // asda Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 362 "asia", // asia DotAsia Organisation Ltd. 363 "associates", // associates Baxter Hill, LLC 364 "athleta", // athleta The Gap, Inc. 365 "attorney", // attorney United TLD Holdco, Ltd 366 "auction", // auction United TLD HoldCo, Ltd. 367 "audi", // audi AUDI Aktiengesellschaft 368 "audible", // audible Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 369 "audio", // audio Uniregistry, Corp. 370 "auspost", // auspost Australian Postal Corporation 371 "author", // author Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 372 "auto", // auto Uniregistry, Corp. 373 "autos", // autos DERAutos, LLC 374 "avianca", // avianca Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A. Avianca 375 "aws", // aws Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 376 "axa", // axa AXA SA 377 "azure", // azure Microsoft Corporation 378 "baby", // baby Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. 379 "baidu", // baidu Baidu, Inc. 380 "banamex", // banamex Citigroup Inc. 381 "bananarepublic", // bananarepublic The Gap, Inc. 382 "band", // band United TLD Holdco, Ltd 383 "bank", // bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC 384 "bar", // bar Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable 385 "barcelona", // barcelona Municipi de Barcelona 386 "barclaycard", // barclaycard Barclays Bank PLC 387 "barclays", // barclays Barclays Bank PLC 388 "barefoot", // barefoot Gallo Vineyards, Inc. 389 "bargains", // bargains Half Hallow, LLC 390 "baseball", // baseball MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC 391 "basketball", // basketball Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA) 392 "bauhaus", // bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH 393 "bayern", // bayern Bayern Connect GmbH 394 "bbc", // bbc British Broadcasting Corporation 395 "bbt", // bbt BB&T Corporation 396 "bbva", // bbva BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A. 397 "bcg", // bcg The Boston Consulting Group, Inc. 398 "bcn", // bcn Municipi de Barcelona 399 "beats", // beats Beats Electronics, LLC 400 "beauty", // beauty L'Oréal 401 "beer", // beer Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 402 "bentley", // bentley Bentley Motors Limited 403 "berlin", // berlin dotBERLIN GmbH & Co. KG 404 "best", // best BestTLD Pty Ltd 405 "bestbuy", // bestbuy BBY Solutions, Inc. 406 "bet", // bet Afilias plc 407 "bharti", // bharti Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited 408 "bible", // bible American Bible Society 409 "bid", // bid dot Bid Limited 410 "bike", // bike Grand Hollow, LLC 411 "bing", // bing Microsoft Corporation 412 "bingo", // bingo Sand Cedar, LLC 413 "bio", // bio STARTING DOT LIMITED 414 "biz", // biz Neustar, Inc. 415 "black", // black Afilias Limited 416 "blackfriday", // blackfriday Uniregistry, Corp. 417 "blockbuster", // blockbuster Dish DBS Corporation 418 "blog", // blog Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC 419 "bloomberg", // bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC 420 "blue", // blue Afilias Limited 421 "bms", // bms Bristol-Myers Squibb Company 422 "bmw", // bmw Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft 423 "bnpparibas", // bnpparibas BNP Paribas 424 "boats", // boats DERBoats, LLC 425 "boehringer", // boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH 426 "bofa", // bofa NMS Services, Inc. 427 "bom", // bom Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br 428 "bond", // bond Bond University Limited 429 "boo", // boo Charleston Road Registry Inc. 430 "book", // book Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 431 "booking", // booking Booking.com B.V. 432 "bosch", // bosch Robert Bosch GMBH 433 "bostik", // bostik Bostik SA 434 "boston", // boston Boston TLD Management, LLC 435 "bot", // bot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 436 "boutique", // boutique Over Galley, LLC 437 "box", // box NS1 Limited 438 "bradesco", // bradesco Banco Bradesco S.A. 439 "bridgestone", // bridgestone Bridgestone Corporation 440 "broadway", // broadway Celebrate Broadway, Inc. 441 "broker", // broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD 442 "brother", // brother Brother Industries, Ltd. 443 "brussels", // brussels DNS.be vzw 444 "budapest", // budapest Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 445 "bugatti", // bugatti Bugatti International SA 446 "build", // build Plan Bee LLC 447 "builders", // builders Atomic Madison, LLC 448 "business", // business Spring Cross, LLC 449 "buy", // buy Amazon Registry Services, INC 450 "buzz", // buzz DOTSTRATEGY CO. 451 "bzh", // bzh Association www.bzh 452 "cab", // cab Half Sunset, LLC 453 "cafe", // cafe Pioneer Canyon, LLC 454 "cal", // cal Charleston Road Registry Inc. 455 "call", // call Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 456 "calvinklein", // calvinklein PVH gTLD Holdings LLC 457 "cam", // cam AC Webconnecting Holding B.V. 458 "camera", // camera Atomic Maple, LLC 459 "camp", // camp Delta Dynamite, LLC 460 "cancerresearch", // cancerresearch Australian Cancer Research Foundation 461 "canon", // canon Canon Inc. 462 "capetown", // capetown ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 463 "capital", // capital Delta Mill, LLC 464 "capitalone", // capitalone Capital One Financial Corporation 465 "car", // car Cars Registry Limited 466 "caravan", // caravan Caravan International, Inc. 467 "cards", // cards Foggy Hollow, LLC 468 "care", // care Goose Cross, LLC 469 "career", // career dotCareer LLC 470 "careers", // careers Wild Corner, LLC 471 "cars", // cars Uniregistry, Corp. 472 "casa", // casa Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 473 "case", // case CNH Industrial N.V. 474 "caseih", // caseih CNH Industrial N.V. 475 "cash", // cash Delta Lake, LLC 476 "casino", // casino Binky Sky, LLC 477 "cat", // cat Fundacio puntCAT 478 "catering", // catering New Falls. LLC 479 "catholic", // catholic Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 480 "cba", // cba COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 481 "cbn", // cbn The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc. 482 "cbre", // cbre CBRE, Inc. 483 "cbs", // cbs CBS Domains Inc. 484 "ceb", // ceb The Corporate Executive Board Company 485 "center", // center Tin Mill, LLC 486 "ceo", // ceo CEOTLD Pty Ltd 487 "cern", // cern European Organization for Nuclear Research ("CERN") 488 "cfa", // cfa CFA Institute 489 "cfd", // cfd DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD 490 "chanel", // chanel Chanel International B.V. 491 "channel", // channel Charleston Road Registry Inc. 492 "charity", // charity Corn Lake, LLC 493 "chase", // chase JPMorgan Chase & Co. 494 "chat", // chat Sand Fields, LLC 495 "cheap", // cheap Sand Cover, LLC 496 "chintai", // chintai CHINTAI Corporation 497 "christmas", // christmas Uniregistry, Corp. 498 "chrome", // chrome Charleston Road Registry Inc. 499 "church", // church Holly Fileds, LLC 500 "cipriani", // cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl 501 "circle", // circle Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 502 "cisco", // cisco Cisco Technology, Inc. 503 "citadel", // citadel Citadel Domain LLC 504 "citi", // citi Citigroup Inc. 505 "citic", // citic CITIC Group Corporation 506 "city", // city Snow Sky, LLC 507 "cityeats", // cityeats Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 508 "claims", // claims Black Corner, LLC 509 "cleaning", // cleaning Fox Shadow, LLC 510 "click", // click Uniregistry, Corp. 511 "clinic", // clinic Goose Park, LLC 512 "clinique", // clinique The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 513 "clothing", // clothing Steel Lake, LLC 514 "cloud", // cloud ARUBA S.p.A. 515 "club", // club .CLUB DOMAINS, LLC 516 "clubmed", // clubmed Club Méditerranée S.A. 517 "coach", // coach Koko Island, LLC 518 "codes", // codes Puff Willow, LLC 519 "coffee", // coffee Trixy Cover, LLC 520 "college", // college XYZ.COM LLC 521 "cologne", // cologne NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH 522 "com", // com VeriSign Global Registry Services 523 "comcast", // comcast Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC 524 "commbank", // commbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 525 "community", // community Fox Orchard, LLC 526 "company", // company Silver Avenue, LLC 527 "compare", // compare iSelect Ltd 528 "computer", // computer Pine Mill, LLC 529 "comsec", // comsec VeriSign, Inc. 530 "condos", // condos Pine House, LLC 531 "construction", // construction Fox Dynamite, LLC 532 "consulting", // consulting United TLD Holdco, LTD. 533 "contact", // contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 534 "contractors", // contractors Magic Woods, LLC 535 "cooking", // cooking Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 536 "cookingchannel", // cookingchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 537 "cool", // cool Koko Lake, LLC 538 "coop", // coop DotCooperation LLC 539 "corsica", // corsica Collectivité Territoriale de Corse 540 "country", // country Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 541 "coupon", // coupon Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 542 "coupons", // coupons Black Island, LLC 543 "courses", // courses OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 544 "cpa", // cpa American Institute of Certified Public Accountants 545 "credit", // credit Snow Shadow, LLC 546 "creditcard", // creditcard Binky Frostbite, LLC 547 "creditunion", // creditunion CUNA Performance Resources, LLC 548 "cricket", // cricket dot Cricket Limited 549 "crown", // crown Crown Equipment Corporation 550 "crs", // crs Federated Co-operatives Limited 551 "cruise", // cruise Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd. 552 "cruises", // cruises Spring Way, LLC 553 "csc", // csc Alliance-One Services, Inc. 554 "cuisinella", // cuisinella SALM S.A.S. 555 "cymru", // cymru Nominet UK 556 "cyou", // cyou Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. 557 "dabur", // dabur Dabur India Limited 558 "dad", // dad Charleston Road Registry Inc. 559 "dance", // dance United TLD Holdco Ltd. 560 "data", // data Dish DBS Corporation 561 "date", // date dot Date Limited 562 "dating", // dating Pine Fest, LLC 563 "datsun", // datsun NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 564 "day", // day Charleston Road Registry Inc. 565 "dclk", // dclk Charleston Road Registry Inc. 566 "dds", // dds Minds + Machines Group Limited 567 "deal", // deal Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 568 "dealer", // dealer Dealer Dot Com, Inc. 569 "deals", // deals Sand Sunset, LLC 570 "degree", // degree United TLD Holdco, Ltd 571 "delivery", // delivery Steel Station, LLC 572 "dell", // dell Dell Inc. 573 "deloitte", // deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu 574 "delta", // delta Delta Air Lines, Inc. 575 "democrat", // democrat United TLD Holdco Ltd. 576 "dental", // dental Tin Birch, LLC 577 "dentist", // dentist United TLD Holdco, Ltd 578 "desi", // desi Desi Networks LLC 579 "design", // design Top Level Design, LLC 580 "dev", // dev Charleston Road Registry Inc. 581 "dhl", // dhl Deutsche Post AG 582 "diamonds", // diamonds John Edge, LLC 583 "diet", // diet Uniregistry, Corp. 584 "digital", // digital Dash Park, LLC 585 "direct", // direct Half Trail, LLC 586 "directory", // directory Extra Madison, LLC 587 "discount", // discount Holly Hill, LLC 588 "discover", // discover Discover Financial Services 589 "dish", // dish Dish DBS Corporation 590 "diy", // diy Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 591 "dnp", // dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. 592 "docs", // docs Charleston Road Registry Inc. 593 "doctor", // doctor Brice Trail, LLC 594 "dog", // dog Koko Mill, LLC 595 "domains", // domains Sugar Cross, LLC 596 "dot", // dot Dish DBS Corporation 597 "download", // download dot Support Limited 598 "drive", // drive Charleston Road Registry Inc. 599 "dtv", // dtv Dish DBS Corporation 600 "dubai", // dubai Dubai Smart Government Department 601 "duck", // duck Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 602 "dunlop", // dunlop The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company 603 "dupont", // dupont E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company 604 "durban", // durban ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 605 "dvag", // dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 606 "dvr", // dvr Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation 607 "earth", // earth Interlink Co., Ltd. 608 "eat", // eat Charleston Road Registry Inc. 609 "eco", // eco Big Room Inc. 610 "edeka", // edeka EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V. 611 "edu", // edu EDUCAUSE 612 "education", // education Brice Way, LLC 613 "email", // email Spring Madison, LLC 614 "emerck", // emerck Merck KGaA 615 "energy", // energy Binky Birch, LLC 616 "engineer", // engineer United TLD Holdco Ltd. 617 "engineering", // engineering Romeo Canyon 618 "enterprises", // enterprises Snow Oaks, LLC 619 "epson", // epson Seiko Epson Corporation 620 "equipment", // equipment Corn Station, LLC 621 "ericsson", // ericsson Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson 622 "erni", // erni ERNI Group Holding AG 623 "esq", // esq Charleston Road Registry Inc. 624 "estate", // estate Trixy Park, LLC 625 "esurance", // esurance Esurance Insurance Company 626 "etisalat", // etisalat Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat) 627 "eurovision", // eurovision European Broadcasting Union (EBU) 628 "eus", // eus Puntueus Fundazioa 629 "events", // events Pioneer Maple, LLC 630 "exchange", // exchange Spring Falls, LLC 631 "expert", // expert Magic Pass, LLC 632 "exposed", // exposed Victor Beach, LLC 633 "express", // express Sea Sunset, LLC 634 "extraspace", // extraspace Extra Space Storage LLC 635 "fage", // fage Fage International S.A. 636 "fail", // fail Atomic Pipe, LLC 637 "fairwinds", // fairwinds FairWinds Partners, LLC 638 "faith", // faith dot Faith Limited 639 "family", // family United TLD Holdco Ltd. 640 "fan", // fan Asiamix Digital Ltd 641 "fans", // fans Asiamix Digital Limited 642 "farm", // farm Just Maple, LLC 643 "farmers", // farmers Farmers Insurance Exchange 644 "fashion", // fashion Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 645 "fast", // fast Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 646 "fedex", // fedex Federal Express Corporation 647 "feedback", // feedback Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 648 "ferrari", // ferrari Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 649 "ferrero", // ferrero Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 650 "fiat", // fiat Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 651 "fidelity", // fidelity Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC 652 "fido", // fido Rogers Communications Canada Inc. 653 "film", // film Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd 654 "final", // final Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br 655 "finance", // finance Cotton Cypress, LLC 656 "financial", // financial Just Cover, LLC 657 "fire", // fire Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 658 "firestone", // firestone Bridgestone Corporation 659 "firmdale", // firmdale Firmdale Holdings Limited 660 "fish", // fish Fox Woods, LLC 661 "fishing", // fishing Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 662 "fit", // fit Minds + Machines Group Limited 663 "fitness", // fitness Brice Orchard, LLC 664 "flickr", // flickr Yahoo! Domain Services Inc. 665 "flights", // flights Fox Station, LLC 666 "flir", // flir FLIR Systems, Inc. 667 "florist", // florist Half Cypress, LLC 668 "flowers", // flowers Uniregistry, Corp. 669 "fly", // fly Charleston Road Registry Inc. 670 "foo", // foo Charleston Road Registry Inc. 671 "food", // food Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 672 "foodnetwork", // foodnetwork Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 673 "football", // football Foggy Farms, LLC 674 "ford", // ford Ford Motor Company 675 "forex", // forex DOTFOREX REGISTRY LTD 676 "forsale", // forsale United TLD Holdco, LLC 677 "forum", // forum Fegistry, LLC 678 "foundation", // foundation John Dale, LLC 679 "fox", // fox FOX Registry, LLC 680 "free", // free Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 681 "fresenius", // fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH 682 "frl", // frl FRLregistry B.V. 683 "frogans", // frogans OP3FT 684 "frontdoor", // frontdoor Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 685 "frontier", // frontier Frontier Communications Corporation 686 "ftr", // ftr Frontier Communications Corporation 687 "fujitsu", // fujitsu Fujitsu Limited 688 "fujixerox", // fujixerox Xerox DNHC LLC 689 "fun", // fun DotSpace, Inc. 690 "fund", // fund John Castle, LLC 691 "furniture", // furniture Lone Fields, LLC 692 "futbol", // futbol United TLD Holdco, Ltd. 693 "fyi", // fyi Silver Tigers, LLC 694 "gal", // gal Asociación puntoGAL 695 "gallery", // gallery Sugar House, LLC 696 "gallo", // gallo Gallo Vineyards, Inc. 697 "gallup", // gallup Gallup, Inc. 698 "game", // game Uniregistry, Corp. 699 "games", // games United TLD Holdco Ltd. 700 "gap", // gap The Gap, Inc. 701 "garden", // garden Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 702 "gay", // gay Top Level Design, LLC 703 "gbiz", // gbiz Charleston Road Registry Inc. 704 "gdn", // gdn Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems" 705 "gea", // gea GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft 706 "gent", // gent COMBELL GROUP NV/SA 707 "genting", // genting Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd. 708 "george", // george Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 709 "ggee", // ggee GMO Internet, Inc. 710 "gift", // gift Uniregistry, Corp. 711 "gifts", // gifts Goose Sky, LLC 712 "gives", // gives United TLD Holdco Ltd. 713 "giving", // giving Giving Limited 714 "glade", // glade Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 715 "glass", // glass Black Cover, LLC 716 "gle", // gle Charleston Road Registry Inc. 717 "global", // global Dot Global Domain Registry Limited 718 "globo", // globo Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A 719 "gmail", // gmail Charleston Road Registry Inc. 720 "gmbh", // gmbh Extra Dynamite, LLC 721 "gmo", // gmo GMO Internet, Inc. 722 "gmx", // gmx 1&1 Mail & Media GmbH 723 "godaddy", // godaddy Go Daddy East, LLC 724 "gold", // gold June Edge, LLC 725 "goldpoint", // goldpoint YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD. 726 "golf", // golf Lone Falls, LLC 727 "goo", // goo NTT Resonant Inc. 728 "goodyear", // goodyear The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company 729 "goog", // goog Charleston Road Registry Inc. 730 "google", // google Charleston Road Registry Inc. 731 "gop", // gop Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc. 732 "got", // got Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 733 "gov", // gov General Services Administration Attn: QTDC, 2E08 (.gov Domain Registration) 734 "grainger", // grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC 735 "graphics", // graphics Over Madison, LLC 736 "gratis", // gratis Pioneer Tigers, LLC 737 "green", // green Afilias Limited 738 "gripe", // gripe Corn Sunset, LLC 739 "grocery", // grocery Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 740 "group", // group Romeo Town, LLC 741 "guardian", // guardian The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America 742 "gucci", // gucci Guccio Gucci S.p.a. 743 "guge", // guge Charleston Road Registry Inc. 744 "guide", // guide Snow Moon, LLC 745 "guitars", // guitars Uniregistry, Corp. 746 "guru", // guru Pioneer Cypress, LLC 747 "hair", // hair L'Oreal 748 "hamburg", // hamburg Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH 749 "hangout", // hangout Charleston Road Registry Inc. 750 "haus", // haus United TLD Holdco, LTD. 751 "hbo", // hbo HBO Registry Services, Inc. 752 "hdfc", // hdfc HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED 753 "hdfcbank", // hdfcbank HDFC Bank Limited 754 "health", // health DotHealth, LLC 755 "healthcare", // healthcare Silver Glen, LLC 756 "help", // help Uniregistry, Corp. 757 "helsinki", // helsinki City of Helsinki 758 "here", // here Charleston Road Registry Inc. 759 "hermes", // hermes Hermes International 760 "hgtv", // hgtv Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 761 "hiphop", // hiphop Uniregistry, Corp. 762 "hisamitsu", // hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.,Inc. 763 "hitachi", // hitachi Hitachi, Ltd. 764 "hiv", // hiv dotHIV gemeinnuetziger e.V. 765 "hkt", // hkt PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited 766 "hockey", // hockey Half Willow, LLC 767 "holdings", // holdings John Madison, LLC 768 "holiday", // holiday Goose Woods, LLC 769 "homedepot", // homedepot Homer TLC, Inc. 770 "homegoods", // homegoods The TJX Companies, Inc. 771 "homes", // homes DERHomes, LLC 772 "homesense", // homesense The TJX Companies, Inc. 773 "honda", // honda Honda Motor Co., Ltd. 774 "horse", // horse Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 775 "hospital", // hospital Ruby Pike, LLC 776 "host", // host DotHost Inc. 777 "hosting", // hosting Uniregistry, Corp. 778 "hot", // hot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 779 "hoteles", // hoteles Travel Reservations SRL 780 "hotels", // hotels Booking.com B.V. 781 "hotmail", // hotmail Microsoft Corporation 782 "house", // house Sugar Park, LLC 783 "how", // how Charleston Road Registry Inc. 784 "hsbc", // hsbc HSBC Holdings PLC 785 "hughes", // hughes Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation 786 "hyatt", // hyatt Hyatt GTLD, L.L.C. 787 "hyundai", // hyundai Hyundai Motor Company 788 "ibm", // ibm International Business Machines Corporation 789 "icbc", // icbc Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited 790 "ice", // ice IntercontinentalExchange, Inc. 791 "icu", // icu One.com A/S 792 "ieee", // ieee IEEE Global LLC 793 "ifm", // ifm ifm electronic gmbh 794 "ikano", // ikano Ikano S.A. 795 "imamat", // imamat Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 796 "imdb", // imdb Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 797 "immo", // immo Auburn Bloom, LLC 798 "immobilien", // immobilien United TLD Holdco Ltd. 799 "inc", // inc Intercap Holdings Inc. 800 "industries", // industries Outer House, LLC 801 "infiniti", // infiniti NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 802 "info", // info Afilias Limited 803 "ing", // ing Charleston Road Registry Inc. 804 "ink", // ink Top Level Design, LLC 805 "institute", // institute Outer Maple, LLC 806 "insurance", // insurance fTLD Registry Services LLC 807 "insure", // insure Pioneer Willow, LLC 808 "int", // int Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 809 "intel", // intel Intel Corporation 810 "international", // international Wild Way, LLC 811 "intuit", // intuit Intuit Administrative Services, Inc. 812 "investments", // investments Holly Glen, LLC 813 "ipiranga", // ipiranga Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A. 814 "irish", // irish Dot-Irish LLC 815 "ismaili", // ismaili Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 816 "ist", // ist Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality 817 "istanbul", // istanbul Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality / Medya A.S. 818 "itau", // itau Itau Unibanco Holding S.A. 819 "itv", // itv ITV Services Limited 820 "iveco", // iveco CNH Industrial N.V. 821 "jaguar", // jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Ltd 822 "java", // java Oracle Corporation 823 "jcb", // jcb JCB Co., Ltd. 824 "jcp", // jcp JCP Media, Inc. 825 "jeep", // jeep FCA US LLC. 826 "jetzt", // jetzt New TLD Company AB 827 "jewelry", // jewelry Wild Bloom, LLC 828 "jio", // jio Affinity Names, Inc. 829 "jll", // jll Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated 830 "jmp", // jmp Matrix IP LLC 831 "jnj", // jnj Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. 832 "jobs", // jobs Employ Media LLC 833 "joburg", // joburg ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 834 "jot", // jot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 835 "joy", // joy Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 836 "jpmorgan", // jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase & Co. 837 "jprs", // jprs Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd. 838 "juegos", // juegos Uniregistry, Corp. 839 "juniper", // juniper JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC. 840 "kaufen", // kaufen United TLD Holdco Ltd. 841 "kddi", // kddi KDDI CORPORATION 842 "kerryhotels", // kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited 843 "kerrylogistics", // kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited 844 "kerryproperties", // kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited 845 "kfh", // kfh Kuwait Finance House 846 "kia", // kia KIA MOTORS CORPORATION 847 "kim", // kim Afilias Limited 848 "kinder", // kinder Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 849 "kindle", // kindle Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 850 "kitchen", // kitchen Just Goodbye, LLC 851 "kiwi", // kiwi DOT KIWI LIMITED 852 "koeln", // koeln NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH 853 "komatsu", // komatsu Komatsu Ltd. 854 "kosher", // kosher Kosher Marketing Assets LLC 855 "kpmg", // kpmg KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft) 856 "kpn", // kpn Koninklijke KPN N.V. 857 "krd", // krd KRG Department of Information Technology 858 "kred", // kred KredTLD Pty Ltd 859 "kuokgroup", // kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited 860 "kyoto", // kyoto Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen 861 "lacaixa", // lacaixa CAIXA D'ESTALVIS I PENSIONS DE BARCELONA 862 "lamborghini", // lamborghini Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 863 "lamer", // lamer The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 864 "lancaster", // lancaster LANCASTER 865 "lancia", // lancia Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 866 "land", // land Pine Moon, LLC 867 "landrover", // landrover Jaguar Land Rover Ltd 868 "lanxess", // lanxess LANXESS Corporation 869 "lasalle", // lasalle Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated 870 "lat", // lat ECOM-LAC Federación de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrónico 871 "latino", // latino Dish DBS Corporation 872 "latrobe", // latrobe La Trobe University 873 "law", // law Minds + Machines Group Limited 874 "lawyer", // lawyer United TLD Holdco, Ltd 875 "lds", // lds IRI Domain Management, LLC 876 "lease", // lease Victor Trail, LLC 877 "leclerc", // leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc 878 "lefrak", // lefrak LeFrak Organization, Inc. 879 "legal", // legal Blue Falls, LLC 880 "lego", // lego LEGO Juris A/S 881 "lexus", // lexus TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 882 "lgbt", // lgbt Afilias Limited 883 "lidl", // lidl Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG 884 "life", // life Trixy Oaks, LLC 885 "lifeinsurance", // lifeinsurance American Council of Life Insurers 886 "lifestyle", // lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 887 "lighting", // lighting John McCook, LLC 888 "like", // like Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 889 "lilly", // lilly Eli Lilly and Company 890 "limited", // limited Big Fest, LLC 891 "limo", // limo Hidden Frostbite, LLC 892 "lincoln", // lincoln Ford Motor Company 893 "linde", // linde Linde Aktiengesellschaft 894 "link", // link Uniregistry, Corp. 895 "lipsy", // lipsy Lipsy Ltd 896 "live", // live United TLD Holdco Ltd. 897 "living", // living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 898 "lixil", // lixil LIXIL Group Corporation 899 "llc", // llc Afilias plc 900 "llp", // llp Dot Registry LLC 901 "loan", // loan dot Loan Limited 902 "loans", // loans June Woods, LLC 903 "locker", // locker Dish DBS Corporation 904 "locus", // locus Locus Analytics LLC 905 "loft", // loft Annco, Inc. 906 "lol", // lol Uniregistry, Corp. 907 "london", // london Dot London Domains Limited 908 "lotte", // lotte Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd. 909 "lotto", // lotto Afilias Limited 910 "love", // love Merchant Law Group LLP 911 "lpl", // lpl LPL Holdings, Inc. 912 "lplfinancial", // lplfinancial LPL Holdings, Inc. 913 "ltd", // ltd Over Corner, LLC 914 "ltda", // ltda InterNetX Corp. 915 "lundbeck", // lundbeck H. Lundbeck A/S 916 "lupin", // lupin LUPIN LIMITED 917 "luxe", // luxe Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 918 "luxury", // luxury Luxury Partners LLC 919 "macys", // macys Macys, Inc. 920 "madrid", // madrid Comunidad de Madrid 921 "maif", // maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF) 922 "maison", // maison Victor Frostbite, LLC 923 "makeup", // makeup L'Oréal 924 "man", // man MAN SE 925 "management", // management John Goodbye, LLC 926 "mango", // mango PUNTO FA S.L. 927 "map", // map Charleston Road Registry Inc. 928 "market", // market Unitied TLD Holdco, Ltd 929 "marketing", // marketing Fern Pass, LLC 930 "markets", // markets DOTMARKETS REGISTRY LTD 931 "marriott", // marriott Marriott Worldwide Corporation 932 "marshalls", // marshalls The TJX Companies, Inc. 933 "maserati", // maserati Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 934 "mattel", // mattel Mattel Sites, Inc. 935 "mba", // mba Lone Hollow, LLC 936 "mckinsey", // mckinsey McKinsey Holdings, Inc. 937 "med", // med Medistry LLC 938 "media", // media Grand Glen, LLC 939 "meet", // meet Afilias Limited 940 "melbourne", // melbourne The Crown in right of the State of Victoria 941 "meme", // meme Charleston Road Registry Inc. 942 "memorial", // memorial Dog Beach, LLC 943 "men", // men Exclusive Registry Limited 944 "menu", // menu Wedding TLD2, LLC 945 "merckmsd", // merckmsd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc. 946 "metlife", // metlife MetLife Services and Solutions, LLC 947 "miami", // miami Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 948 "microsoft", // microsoft Microsoft Corporation 949 "mil", // mil DoD Network Information Center 950 "mini", // mini Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft 951 "mint", // mint Intuit Administrative Services, Inc. 952 "mit", // mit Massachusetts Institute of Technology 953 "mitsubishi", // mitsubishi Mitsubishi Corporation 954 "mlb", // mlb MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC 955 "mls", // mls The Canadian Real Estate Association 956 "mma", // mma MMA IARD 957 "mobi", // mobi Afilias Technologies Limited dba dotMobi 958 "mobile", // mobile Dish DBS Corporation 959 "moda", // moda United TLD Holdco Ltd. 960 "moe", // moe Interlink Co., Ltd. 961 "moi", // moi Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 962 "mom", // mom Uniregistry, Corp. 963 "monash", // monash Monash University 964 "money", // money Outer McCook, LLC 965 "monster", // monster Monster Worldwide, Inc. 966 "mormon", // mormon IRI Domain Management, LLC ("Applicant") 967 "mortgage", // mortgage United TLD Holdco, Ltd 968 "moscow", // moscow Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID) 969 "moto", // moto Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC 970 "motorcycles", // motorcycles DERMotorcycles, LLC 971 "mov", // mov Charleston Road Registry Inc. 972 "movie", // movie New Frostbite, LLC 973 "msd", // msd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc. 974 "mtn", // mtn MTN Dubai Limited 975 "mtr", // mtr MTR Corporation Limited 976 "museum", // museum Museum Domain Management Association 977 "mutual", // mutual Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC 978 "nab", // nab National Australia Bank Limited 979 "nadex", // nadex Nadex Domains, Inc 980 "nagoya", // nagoya GMO Registry, Inc. 981 "name", // name VeriSign Information Services, Inc. 982 "nationwide", // nationwide Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company 983 "natura", // natura NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A. 984 "navy", // navy United TLD Holdco Ltd. 985 "nba", // nba NBA REGISTRY, LLC 986 "nec", // nec NEC Corporation 987 "net", // net VeriSign Global Registry Services 988 "netbank", // netbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 989 "netflix", // netflix Netflix, Inc. 990 "network", // network Trixy Manor, LLC 991 "neustar", // neustar NeuStar, Inc. 992 "new", // new Charleston Road Registry Inc. 993 "newholland", // newholland CNH Industrial N.V. 994 "news", // news United TLD Holdco Ltd. 995 "next", // next Next plc 996 "nextdirect", // nextdirect Next plc 997 "nexus", // nexus Charleston Road Registry Inc. 998 "nfl", // nfl NFL Reg Ops LLC 999 "ngo", // ngo Public Interest Registry 1000 "nhk", // nhk Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) 1001 "nico", // nico DWANGO Co., Ltd. 1002 "nike", // nike NIKE, Inc. 1003 "nikon", // nikon NIKON CORPORATION 1004 "ninja", // ninja United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1005 "nissan", // nissan NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 1006 "nissay", // nissay Nippon Life Insurance Company 1007 "nokia", // nokia Nokia Corporation 1008 "northwesternmutual", // northwesternmutual Northwestern Mutual Registry, LLC 1009 "norton", // norton Symantec Corporation 1010 "now", // now Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 1011 "nowruz", // nowruz Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1012 "nowtv", // nowtv Starbucks (HK) Limited 1013 "nra", // nra NRA Holdings Company, INC. 1014 "nrw", // nrw Minds + Machines GmbH 1015 "ntt", // ntt NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION 1016 "nyc", // nyc The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology & Telecommunications 1017 "obi", // obi OBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA 1018 "observer", // observer Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 1019 "off", // off Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1020 "office", // office Microsoft Corporation 1021 "okinawa", // okinawa BusinessRalliart inc. 1022 "olayan", // olayan Crescent Holding GmbH 1023 "olayangroup", // olayangroup Crescent Holding GmbH 1024 "oldnavy", // oldnavy The Gap, Inc. 1025 "ollo", // ollo Dish DBS Corporation 1026 "omega", // omega The Swatch Group Ltd 1027 "one", // one One.com A/S 1028 "ong", // ong Public Interest Registry 1029 "onl", // onl I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland 1030 "online", // online DotOnline Inc. 1031 "onyourside", // onyourside Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company 1032 "ooo", // ooo INFIBEAM INCORPORATION LIMITED 1033 "open", // open American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. 1034 "oracle", // oracle Oracle Corporation 1035 "orange", // orange Orange Brand Services Limited 1036 "org", // org Public Interest Registry (PIR) 1037 "organic", // organic Afilias Limited 1038 "origins", // origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 1039 "osaka", // osaka Interlink Co., Ltd. 1040 "otsuka", // otsuka Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd. 1041 "ott", // ott Dish DBS Corporation 1042 "ovh", // ovh OVH SAS 1043 "page", // page Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1044 "panasonic", // panasonic Panasonic Corporation 1045 "paris", // paris City of Paris 1046 "pars", // pars Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1047 "partners", // partners Magic Glen, LLC 1048 "parts", // parts Sea Goodbye, LLC 1049 "party", // party Blue Sky Registry Limited 1050 "passagens", // passagens Travel Reservations SRL 1051 "pay", // pay Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1052 "pccw", // pccw PCCW Enterprises Limited 1053 "pet", // pet Afilias plc 1054 "pfizer", // pfizer Pfizer Inc. 1055 "pharmacy", // pharmacy National Association of Boards of Pharmacy 1056 "phd", // phd Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1057 "philips", // philips Koninklijke Philips N.V. 1058 "phone", // phone Dish DBS Corporation 1059 "photo", // photo Uniregistry, Corp. 1060 "photography", // photography Sugar Glen, LLC 1061 "photos", // photos Sea Corner, LLC 1062 "physio", // physio PhysBiz Pty Ltd 1063 "pics", // pics Uniregistry, Corp. 1064 "pictet", // pictet Pictet Europe S.A. 1065 "pictures", // pictures Foggy Sky, LLC 1066 "pid", // pid Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 1067 "pin", // pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1068 "ping", // ping Ping Registry Provider, Inc. 1069 "pink", // pink Afilias Limited 1070 "pioneer", // pioneer Pioneer Corporation 1071 "pizza", // pizza Foggy Moon, LLC 1072 "place", // place Snow Galley, LLC 1073 "play", // play Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1074 "playstation", // playstation Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. 1075 "plumbing", // plumbing Spring Tigers, LLC 1076 "plus", // plus Sugar Mill, LLC 1077 "pnc", // pnc PNC Domain Co., LLC 1078 "pohl", // pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1079 "poker", // poker Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited 1080 "politie", // politie Politie Nederland 1081 "porn", // porn ICM Registry PN LLC 1082 "post", // post Universal Postal Union 1083 "pramerica", // pramerica Prudential Financial, Inc. 1084 "praxi", // praxi Praxi S.p.A. 1085 "press", // press DotPress Inc. 1086 "prime", // prime Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 1087 "pro", // pro Registry Services Corporation dba RegistryPro 1088 "prod", // prod Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1089 "productions", // productions Magic Birch, LLC 1090 "prof", // prof Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1091 "progressive", // progressive Progressive Casualty Insurance Company 1092 "promo", // promo Afilias plc 1093 "properties", // properties Big Pass, LLC 1094 "property", // property Uniregistry, Corp. 1095 "protection", // protection XYZ.COM LLC 1096 "pru", // pru Prudential Financial, Inc. 1097 "prudential", // prudential Prudential Financial, Inc. 1098 "pub", // pub United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1099 "pwc", // pwc PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 1100 "qpon", // qpon dotCOOL, Inc. 1101 "quebec", // quebec PointQuébec Inc 1102 "quest", // quest Quest ION Limited 1103 "qvc", // qvc QVC, Inc. 1104 "racing", // racing Premier Registry Limited 1105 "radio", // radio European Broadcasting Union (EBU) 1106 "raid", // raid Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1107 "read", // read Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1108 "realestate", // realestate dotRealEstate LLC 1109 "realtor", // realtor Real Estate Domains LLC 1110 "realty", // realty Fegistry, LLC 1111 "recipes", // recipes Grand Island, LLC 1112 "red", // red Afilias Limited 1113 "redstone", // redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd. 1114 "redumbrella", // redumbrella Travelers TLD, LLC 1115 "rehab", // rehab United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1116 "reise", // reise Foggy Way, LLC 1117 "reisen", // reisen New Cypress, LLC 1118 "reit", // reit National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc. 1119 "reliance", // reliance Reliance Industries Limited 1120 "ren", // ren Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co., Ltd. 1121 "rent", // rent XYZ.COM LLC 1122 "rentals", // rentals Big Hollow,LLC 1123 "repair", // repair Lone Sunset, LLC 1124 "report", // report Binky Glen, LLC 1125 "republican", // republican United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1126 "rest", // rest Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable 1127 "restaurant", // restaurant Snow Avenue, LLC 1128 "review", // review dot Review Limited 1129 "reviews", // reviews United TLD Holdco, Ltd. 1130 "rexroth", // rexroth Robert Bosch GMBH 1131 "rich", // rich I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland 1132 "richardli", // richardli Pacific Century Asset Management (HK) Limited 1133 "ricoh", // ricoh Ricoh Company, Ltd. 1134 "rightathome", // rightathome Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1135 "ril", // ril Reliance Industries Limited 1136 "rio", // rio Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO 1137 "rip", // rip United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1138 "rmit", // rmit Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology 1139 "rocher", // rocher Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 1140 "rocks", // rocks United TLD Holdco, LTD. 1141 "rodeo", // rodeo Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1142 "rogers", // rogers Rogers Communications Canada Inc. 1143 "room", // room Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1144 "rsvp", // rsvp Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1145 "rugby", // rugby World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited 1146 "ruhr", // ruhr regiodot GmbH & Co. KG 1147 "run", // run Snow Park, LLC 1148 "rwe", // rwe RWE AG 1149 "ryukyu", // ryukyu BusinessRalliart inc. 1150 "saarland", // saarland dotSaarland GmbH 1151 "safe", // safe Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1152 "safety", // safety Safety Registry Services, LLC. 1153 "sakura", // sakura SAKURA Internet Inc. 1154 "sale", // sale United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1155 "salon", // salon Outer Orchard, LLC 1156 "samsclub", // samsclub Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 1157 "samsung", // samsung SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD 1158 "sandvik", // sandvik Sandvik AB 1159 "sandvikcoromant", // sandvikcoromant Sandvik AB 1160 "sanofi", // sanofi Sanofi 1161 "sap", // sap SAP AG 1162 "sarl", // sarl Delta Orchard, LLC 1163 "sas", // sas Research IP LLC 1164 "save", // save Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 1165 "saxo", // saxo Saxo Bank A/S 1166 "sbi", // sbi STATE BANK OF INDIA 1167 "sbs", // sbs SPECIAL BROADCASTING SERVICE CORPORATION 1168 "sca", // sca SVENSKA CELLULOSA AKTIEBOLAGET SCA (publ) 1169 "scb", // scb The Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Limited ("SCB") 1170 "schaeffler", // schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG 1171 "schmidt", // schmidt SALM S.A.S. 1172 "scholarships", // scholarships Scholarships.com, LLC 1173 "school", // school Little Galley, LLC 1174 "schule", // schule Outer Moon, LLC 1175 "schwarz", // schwarz Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG 1176 "science", // science dot Science Limited 1177 "scjohnson", // scjohnson Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1178 "scor", // scor SCOR SE 1179 "scot", // scot Dot Scot Registry Limited 1180 "search", // search Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1181 "seat", // seat SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal) 1182 "secure", // secure Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1183 "security", // security XYZ.COM LLC 1184 "seek", // seek Seek Limited 1185 "select", // select iSelect Ltd 1186 "sener", // sener Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A. 1187 "services", // services Fox Castle, LLC 1188 "ses", // ses SES 1189 "seven", // seven Seven West Media Ltd 1190 "sew", // sew SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co KG 1191 "sex", // sex ICM Registry SX LLC 1192 "sexy", // sexy Uniregistry, Corp. 1193 "sfr", // sfr Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR 1194 "shangrila", // shangrila Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited 1195 "sharp", // sharp Sharp Corporation 1196 "shaw", // shaw Shaw Cablesystems G.P. 1197 "shell", // shell Shell Information Technology International Inc 1198 "shia", // shia Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1199 "shiksha", // shiksha Afilias Limited 1200 "shoes", // shoes Binky Galley, LLC 1201 "shop", // shop GMO Registry, Inc. 1202 "shopping", // shopping Over Keep, LLC 1203 "shouji", // shouji QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1204 "show", // show Snow Beach, LLC 1205 "showtime", // showtime CBS Domains Inc. 1206 "shriram", // shriram Shriram Capital Ltd. 1207 "silk", // silk Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 1208 "sina", // sina Sina Corporation 1209 "singles", // singles Fern Madison, LLC 1210 "site", // site DotSite Inc. 1211 "ski", // ski STARTING DOT LIMITED 1212 "skin", // skin L'Oréal 1213 "sky", // sky Sky International AG 1214 "skype", // skype Microsoft Corporation 1215 "sling", // sling Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation 1216 "smart", // smart Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART) 1217 "smile", // smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1218 "sncf", // sncf SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais) 1219 "soccer", // soccer Foggy Shadow, LLC 1220 "social", // social United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1221 "softbank", // softbank SoftBank Group Corp. 1222 "software", // software United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1223 "sohu", // sohu Sohu.com Limited 1224 "solar", // solar Ruby Town, LLC 1225 "solutions", // solutions Silver Cover, LLC 1226 "song", // song Amazon EU S.à r.l. 1227 "sony", // sony Sony Corporation 1228 "soy", // soy Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1229 "space", // space DotSpace Inc. 1230 "sport", // sport Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF) 1231 "spot", // spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1232 "spreadbetting", // spreadbetting DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD 1233 "srl", // srl InterNetX Corp. 1234 "ss", // ss National Communication Authority (NCA) 1235 "stada", // stada STADA Arzneimittel AG 1236 "staples", // staples Staples, Inc. 1237 "star", // star Star India Private Limited 1238 "statebank", // statebank STATE BANK OF INDIA 1239 "statefarm", // statefarm State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company 1240 "stc", // stc Saudi Telecom Company 1241 "stcgroup", // stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company 1242 "stockholm", // stockholm Stockholms kommun 1243 "storage", // storage Self Storage Company LLC 1244 "store", // store DotStore Inc. 1245 "stream", // stream dot Stream Limited 1246 "studio", // studio United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1247 "study", // study OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 1248 "style", // style Binky Moon, LLC 1249 "sucks", // sucks Vox Populi Registry Ltd. 1250 "supplies", // supplies Atomic Fields, LLC 1251 "supply", // supply Half Falls, LLC 1252 "support", // support Grand Orchard, LLC 1253 "surf", // surf Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1254 "surgery", // surgery Tin Avenue, LLC 1255 "suzuki", // suzuki SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION 1256 "swatch", // swatch The Swatch Group Ltd 1257 "swiftcover", // swiftcover Swiftcover Insurance Services Limited 1258 "swiss", // swiss Swiss Confederation 1259 "sydney", // sydney State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet 1260 "symantec", // symantec Symantec Corporation 1261 "systems", // systems Dash Cypress, LLC 1262 "tab", // tab Tabcorp Holdings Limited 1263 "taipei", // taipei Taipei City Government 1264 "talk", // talk Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1265 "taobao", // taobao Alibaba Group Holding Limited 1266 "target", // target Target Domain Holdings, LLC 1267 "tatamotors", // tatamotors Tata Motors Ltd 1268 "tatar", // tatar Limited Liability Company "Coordination Center of Regional Domain of Tatarstan Republic" 1269 "tattoo", // tattoo Uniregistry, Corp. 1270 "tax", // tax Storm Orchard, LLC 1271 "taxi", // taxi Pine Falls, LLC 1272 "tci", // tci Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1273 "tdk", // tdk TDK Corporation 1274 "team", // team Atomic Lake, LLC 1275 "tech", // tech Dot Tech LLC 1276 "technology", // technology Auburn Falls, LLC 1277 "tel", // tel Telnic Ltd. 1278 "temasek", // temasek Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited 1279 "tennis", // tennis Cotton Bloom, LLC 1280 "teva", // teva Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited 1281 "thd", // thd Homer TLC, Inc. 1282 "theater", // theater Blue Tigers, LLC 1283 "theatre", // theatre XYZ.COM LLC 1284 "tiaa", // tiaa Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America 1285 "tickets", // tickets Accent Media Limited 1286 "tienda", // tienda Victor Manor, LLC 1287 "tiffany", // tiffany Tiffany and Company 1288 "tips", // tips Corn Willow, LLC 1289 "tires", // tires Dog Edge, LLC 1290 "tirol", // tirol punkt Tirol GmbH 1291 "tjmaxx", // tjmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc. 1292 "tjx", // tjx The TJX Companies, Inc. 1293 "tkmaxx", // tkmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc. 1294 "tmall", // tmall Alibaba Group Holding Limited 1295 "today", // today Pearl Woods, LLC 1296 "tokyo", // tokyo GMO Registry, Inc. 1297 "tools", // tools Pioneer North, LLC 1298 "top", // top Jiangsu Bangning Science & Technology Co.,Ltd. 1299 "toray", // toray Toray Industries, Inc. 1300 "toshiba", // toshiba TOSHIBA Corporation 1301 "total", // total Total SA 1302 "tours", // tours Sugar Station, LLC 1303 "town", // town Koko Moon, LLC 1304 "toyota", // toyota TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 1305 "toys", // toys Pioneer Orchard, LLC 1306 "trade", // trade Elite Registry Limited 1307 "trading", // trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD 1308 "training", // training Wild Willow, LLC 1309 "travel", // travel Tralliance Registry Management Company, LLC. 1310 "travelchannel", // travelchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 1311 "travelers", // travelers Travelers TLD, LLC 1312 "travelersinsurance", // travelersinsurance Travelers TLD, LLC 1313 "trust", // trust Artemis Internet Inc 1314 "trv", // trv Travelers TLD, LLC 1315 "tube", // tube Latin American Telecom LLC 1316 "tui", // tui TUI AG 1317 "tunes", // tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1318 "tushu", // tushu Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1319 "tvs", // tvs T V SUNDRAM IYENGAR & SONS PRIVATE LIMITED 1320 "ubank", // ubank National Australia Bank Limited 1321 "ubs", // ubs UBS AG 1322 "unicom", // unicom China United Network Communications Corporation Limited 1323 "university", // university Little Station, LLC 1324 "uno", // uno Dot Latin LLC 1325 "uol", // uol UBN INTERNET LTDA. 1326 "ups", // ups UPS Market Driver, Inc. 1327 "vacations", // vacations Atomic Tigers, LLC 1328 "vana", // vana Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 1329 "vanguard", // vanguard The Vanguard Group, Inc. 1330 "vegas", // vegas Dot Vegas, Inc. 1331 "ventures", // ventures Binky Lake, LLC 1332 "verisign", // verisign VeriSign, Inc. 1333 "versicherung", // versicherung dotversicherung-registry GmbH 1334 "vet", // vet United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1335 "viajes", // viajes Black Madison, LLC 1336 "video", // video United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1337 "vig", // vig VIENNA INSURANCE GROUP AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe 1338 "viking", // viking Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd. 1339 "villas", // villas New Sky, LLC 1340 "vin", // vin Holly Shadow, LLC 1341 "vip", // vip Minds + Machines Group Limited 1342 "virgin", // virgin Virgin Enterprises Limited 1343 "visa", // visa Visa Worldwide Pte. Limited 1344 "vision", // vision Koko Station, LLC 1345 "vistaprint", // vistaprint Vistaprint Limited 1346 "viva", // viva Saudi Telecom Company 1347 "vivo", // vivo Telefonica Brasil S.A. 1348 "vlaanderen", // vlaanderen DNS.be vzw 1349 "vodka", // vodka Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1350 "volkswagen", // volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America Inc. 1351 "volvo", // volvo Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag 1352 "vote", // vote Monolith Registry LLC 1353 "voting", // voting Valuetainment Corp. 1354 "voto", // voto Monolith Registry LLC 1355 "voyage", // voyage Ruby House, LLC 1356 "vuelos", // vuelos Travel Reservations SRL 1357 "wales", // wales Nominet UK 1358 "walmart", // walmart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 1359 "walter", // walter Sandvik AB 1360 "wang", // wang Zodiac Registry Limited 1361 "wanggou", // wanggou Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1362 "watch", // watch Sand Shadow, LLC 1363 "watches", // watches Richemont DNS Inc. 1364 "weather", // weather The Weather Channel, LLC 1365 "weatherchannel", // weatherchannel The Weather Channel, LLC 1366 "webcam", // webcam dot Webcam Limited 1367 "weber", // weber Saint-Gobain Weber SA 1368 "website", // website DotWebsite Inc. 1369 "wed", // wed Atgron, Inc. 1370 "wedding", // wedding Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1371 "weibo", // weibo Sina Corporation 1372 "weir", // weir Weir Group IP Limited 1373 "whoswho", // whoswho Who's Who Registry 1374 "wien", // wien punkt.wien GmbH 1375 "wiki", // wiki Top Level Design, LLC 1376 "williamhill", // williamhill William Hill Organization Limited 1377 "win", // win First Registry Limited 1378 "windows", // windows Microsoft Corporation 1379 "wine", // wine June Station, LLC 1380 "winners", // winners The TJX Companies, Inc. 1381 "wme", // wme William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC 1382 "wolterskluwer", // wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer N.V. 1383 "woodside", // woodside Woodside Petroleum Limited 1384 "work", // work Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1385 "works", // works Little Dynamite, LLC 1386 "world", // world Bitter Fields, LLC 1387 "wow", // wow Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1388 "wtc", // wtc World Trade Centers Association, Inc. 1389 "wtf", // wtf Hidden Way, LLC 1390 "xbox", // xbox Microsoft Corporation 1391 "xerox", // xerox Xerox DNHC LLC 1392 "xfinity", // xfinity Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC 1393 "xihuan", // xihuan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1394 "xin", // xin Elegant Leader Limited 1395 "xn--11b4c3d", // कॉम VeriSign Sarl 1396 "xn--1ck2e1b", // セール Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1397 "xn--1qqw23a", // 佛山 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd. 1398 "xn--2scrj9c", // ಭಾರತ National Internet eXchange of India 1399 "xn--30rr7y", // 慈善 Excellent First Limited 1400 "xn--3bst00m", // 集团 Eagle Horizon Limited 1401 "xn--3ds443g", // 在线 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED 1402 "xn--3hcrj9c", // ଭାରତ National Internet eXchange of India 1403 "xn--3oq18vl8pn36a", // 大众汽车 Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd. 1404 "xn--3pxu8k", // 点看 VeriSign Sarl 1405 "xn--42c2d9a", // คอม VeriSign Sarl 1406 "xn--45br5cyl", // ভাৰত National Internet eXchange of India 1407 "xn--45q11c", // 八卦 Zodiac Scorpio Limited 1408 "xn--4gbrim", // موقع Suhub Electronic Establishment 1409 "xn--54b7fta0cc", // বাংলা Posts and Telecommunications Division 1410 "xn--55qw42g", // 公益 China Organizational Name Administration Center 1411 "xn--55qx5d", // 公司 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center) 1412 "xn--5su34j936bgsg", // 香格里拉 Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited 1413 "xn--5tzm5g", // 网站 Global Website TLD Asia Limited 1414 "xn--6frz82g", // 移动 Afilias Limited 1415 "xn--6qq986b3xl", // 我爱你 Tycoon Treasure Limited 1416 "xn--80adxhks", // москва Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID) 1417 "xn--80aqecdr1a", // католик Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 1418 "xn--80asehdb", // онлайн CORE Association 1419 "xn--80aswg", // сайт CORE Association 1420 "xn--8y0a063a", // 联通 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited 1421 "xn--90ae", // бг Imena.BG Plc (NAMES.BG Plc) 1422 "xn--9dbq2a", // קום VeriSign Sarl 1423 "xn--9et52u", // 时尚 RISE VICTORY LIMITED 1424 "xn--9krt00a", // 微博 Sina Corporation 1425 "xn--b4w605ferd", // 淡马锡 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited 1426 "xn--bck1b9a5dre4c", // ファッション Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1427 "xn--c1avg", // орг Public Interest Registry 1428 "xn--c2br7g", // नेट VeriSign Sarl 1429 "xn--cck2b3b", // ストア Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1430 "xn--cg4bki", // 삼성 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD 1431 "xn--czr694b", // 商标 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES(HOLDING) COMPANY.HONGKONG LIMITED 1432 "xn--czrs0t", // 商店 Wild Island, LLC 1433 "xn--czru2d", // 商城 Zodiac Aquarius Limited 1434 "xn--d1acj3b", // дети The Foundation for Network Initiatives “The Smart Internet” 1435 "xn--eckvdtc9d", // ポイント Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1436 "xn--efvy88h", // 新闻 Xinhua News Agency Guangdong Branch 新华通讯社广东分社 1437 "xn--estv75g", // 工行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited 1438 "xn--fct429k", // 家電 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1439 "xn--fhbei", // كوم VeriSign Sarl 1440 "xn--fiq228c5hs", // 中文网 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED 1441 "xn--fiq64b", // 中信 CITIC Group Corporation 1442 "xn--fjq720a", // 娱乐 Will Bloom, LLC 1443 "xn--flw351e", // 谷歌 Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1444 "xn--fzys8d69uvgm", // 電訊盈科 PCCW Enterprises Limited 1445 "xn--g2xx48c", // 购物 Minds + Machines Group Limited 1446 "xn--gckr3f0f", // クラウド Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1447 "xn--gk3at1e", // 通販 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1448 "xn--h2breg3eve", // भारतम् National Internet eXchange of India 1449 "xn--h2brj9c8c", // भारोत National Internet eXchange of India 1450 "xn--hxt814e", // 网店 Zodiac Libra Limited 1451 "xn--i1b6b1a6a2e", // संगठन Public Interest Registry 1452 "xn--imr513n", // 餐厅 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES (HOLDING) COMPANY. HONGKONG LIMITED 1453 "xn--io0a7i", // 网络 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center) 1454 "xn--j1aef", // ком VeriSign Sarl 1455 "xn--jlq61u9w7b", // 诺基亚 Nokia Corporation 1456 "xn--jvr189m", // 食品 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1457 "xn--kcrx77d1x4a", // 飞利浦 Koninklijke Philips N.V. 1458 "xn--kpu716f", // 手表 Richemont DNS Inc. 1459 "xn--kput3i", // 手机 Beijing RITT-Net Technology Development Co., Ltd 1460 "xn--mgba3a3ejt", // ارامكو Aramco Services Company 1461 "xn--mgba7c0bbn0a", // العليان Crescent Holding GmbH 1462 "xn--mgbaakc7dvf", // اتصالات Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat) 1463 "xn--mgbab2bd", // بازار CORE Association 1464 "xn--mgbah1a3hjkrd", // موريتانيا Université de Nouakchott Al Aasriya 1465 "xn--mgbai9azgqp6j", // پاکستان National Telecommunication Corporation 1466 "xn--mgbbh1a", // بارت National Internet eXchange of India 1467 "xn--mgbca7dzdo", // ابوظبي Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre 1468 "xn--mgbgu82a", // ڀارت National Internet eXchange of India 1469 "xn--mgbi4ecexp", // كاثوليك Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 1470 "xn--mgbt3dhd", // همراه Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1471 "xn--mk1bu44c", // 닷컴 VeriSign Sarl 1472 "xn--mxtq1m", // 政府 Net-Chinese Co., Ltd. 1473 "xn--ngbc5azd", // شبكة International Domain Registry Pty. Ltd. 1474 "xn--ngbe9e0a", // بيتك Kuwait Finance House 1475 "xn--ngbrx", // عرب League of Arab States 1476 "xn--nqv7f", // 机构 Public Interest Registry 1477 "xn--nqv7fs00ema", // 组织机构 Public Interest Registry 1478 "xn--nyqy26a", // 健康 Stable Tone Limited 1479 "xn--otu796d", // 招聘 Dot Trademark TLD Holding Company Limited 1480 "xn--p1acf", // рус Rusnames Limited 1481 "xn--pbt977c", // 珠宝 Richemont DNS Inc. 1482 "xn--pssy2u", // 大拿 VeriSign Sarl 1483 "xn--q9jyb4c", // みんな Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1484 "xn--qcka1pmc", // グーグル Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1485 "xn--qxa6a", // ευ EURid vzw/asbl 1486 "xn--rhqv96g", // 世界 Stable Tone Limited 1487 "xn--rovu88b", // 書籍 Amazon EU S.à r.l. 1488 "xn--rvc1e0am3e", // ഭാരതം National Internet eXchange of India 1489 "xn--ses554g", // 网址 KNET Co., Ltd 1490 "xn--t60b56a", // 닷넷 VeriSign Sarl 1491 "xn--tckwe", // コム VeriSign Sarl 1492 "xn--tiq49xqyj", // 天主教 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 1493 "xn--unup4y", // 游戏 Spring Fields, LLC 1494 "xn--vermgensberater-ctb", // VERMöGENSBERATER Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1495 "xn--vermgensberatung-pwb", // VERMöGENSBERATUNG Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1496 "xn--vhquv", // 企业 Dash McCook, LLC 1497 "xn--vuq861b", // 信息 Beijing Tele-info Network Technology Co., Ltd. 1498 "xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra", // 嘉里大酒店 Kerry Trading Co. Limited 1499 "xn--w4rs40l", // 嘉里 Kerry Trading Co. Limited 1500 "xn--xhq521b", // 广东 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd. 1501 "xn--zfr164b", // 政务 China Organizational Name Administration Center 1502 "xxx", // xxx ICM Registry LLC 1503 "xyz", // xyz XYZ.COM LLC 1504 "yachts", // yachts DERYachts, LLC 1505 "yahoo", // yahoo Yahoo! Domain Services Inc. 1506 "yamaxun", // yamaxun Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1507 "yandex", // yandex YANDEX, LLC 1508 "yodobashi", // yodobashi YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD. 1509 "yoga", // yoga Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1510 "yokohama", // yokohama GMO Registry, Inc. 1511 "you", // you Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1512 "youtube", // youtube Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1513 "yun", // yun QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1514 "zappos", // zappos Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 1515 "zara", // zara Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.) 1516 "zero", // zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1517 "zip", // zip Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1518 "zone", // zone Outer Falls, LLC 1519 "zuerich", // zuerich Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich) 1520 }; 1521 1522 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1523 private static final String[] COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS = { 1524 "ac", // Ascension Island 1525 "ad", // Andorra 1526 "ae", // United Arab Emirates 1527 "af", // Afghanistan 1528 "ag", // Antigua and Barbuda 1529 "ai", // Anguilla 1530 "al", // Albania 1531 "am", // Armenia 1532 //"an", // Netherlands Antilles (retired) 1533 "ao", // Angola 1534 "aq", // Antarctica 1535 "ar", // Argentina 1536 "as", // American Samoa 1537 "at", // Austria 1538 "au", // Australia (includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands) 1539 "aw", // Aruba 1540 "ax", // Åland 1541 "az", // Azerbaijan 1542 "ba", // Bosnia and Herzegovina 1543 "bb", // Barbados 1544 "bd", // Bangladesh 1545 "be", // Belgium 1546 "bf", // Burkina Faso 1547 "bg", // Bulgaria 1548 "bh", // Bahrain 1549 "bi", // Burundi 1550 "bj", // Benin 1551 "bm", // Bermuda 1552 "bn", // Brunei Darussalam 1553 "bo", // Bolivia 1554 "br", // Brazil 1555 "bs", // Bahamas 1556 "bt", // Bhutan 1557 "bv", // Bouvet Island 1558 "bw", // Botswana 1559 "by", // Belarus 1560 "bz", // Belize 1561 "ca", // Canada 1562 "cc", // Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1563 "cd", // Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) 1564 "cf", // Central African Republic 1565 "cg", // Republic of the Congo 1566 "ch", // Switzerland 1567 "ci", // Côte d'Ivoire 1568 "ck", // Cook Islands 1569 "cl", // Chile 1570 "cm", // Cameroon 1571 "cn", // China, mainland 1572 "co", // Colombia 1573 "cr", // Costa Rica 1574 "cu", // Cuba 1575 "cv", // Cape Verde 1576 "cw", // Curaçao 1577 "cx", // Christmas Island 1578 "cy", // Cyprus 1579 "cz", // Czech Republic 1580 "de", // Germany 1581 "dj", // Djibouti 1582 "dk", // Denmark 1583 "dm", // Dominica 1584 "do", // Dominican Republic 1585 "dz", // Algeria 1586 "ec", // Ecuador 1587 "ee", // Estonia 1588 "eg", // Egypt 1589 "er", // Eritrea 1590 "es", // Spain 1591 "et", // Ethiopia 1592 "eu", // European Union 1593 "fi", // Finland 1594 "fj", // Fiji 1595 "fk", // Falkland Islands 1596 "fm", // Federated States of Micronesia 1597 "fo", // Faroe Islands 1598 "fr", // France 1599 "ga", // Gabon 1600 "gb", // Great Britain (United Kingdom) 1601 "gd", // Grenada 1602 "ge", // Georgia 1603 "gf", // French Guiana 1604 "gg", // Guernsey 1605 "gh", // Ghana 1606 "gi", // Gibraltar 1607 "gl", // Greenland 1608 "gm", // The Gambia 1609 "gn", // Guinea 1610 "gp", // Guadeloupe 1611 "gq", // Equatorial Guinea 1612 "gr", // Greece 1613 "gs", // South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 1614 "gt", // Guatemala 1615 "gu", // Guam 1616 "gw", // Guinea-Bissau 1617 "gy", // Guyana 1618 "hk", // Hong Kong 1619 "hm", // Heard Island and McDonald Islands 1620 "hn", // Honduras 1621 "hr", // Croatia (Hrvatska) 1622 "ht", // Haiti 1623 "hu", // Hungary 1624 "id", // Indonesia 1625 "ie", // Ireland (Éire) 1626 "il", // Israel 1627 "im", // Isle of Man 1628 "in", // India 1629 "io", // British Indian Ocean Territory 1630 "iq", // Iraq 1631 "ir", // Iran 1632 "is", // Iceland 1633 "it", // Italy 1634 "je", // Jersey 1635 "jm", // Jamaica 1636 "jo", // Jordan 1637 "jp", // Japan 1638 "ke", // Kenya 1639 "kg", // Kyrgyzstan 1640 "kh", // Cambodia (Khmer) 1641 "ki", // Kiribati 1642 "km", // Comoros 1643 "kn", // Saint Kitts and Nevis 1644 "kp", // North Korea 1645 "kr", // South Korea 1646 "kw", // Kuwait 1647 "ky", // Cayman Islands 1648 "kz", // Kazakhstan 1649 "la", // Laos (currently being marketed as the official domain for Los Angeles) 1650 "lb", // Lebanon 1651 "lc", // Saint Lucia 1652 "li", // Liechtenstein 1653 "lk", // Sri Lanka 1654 "lr", // Liberia 1655 "ls", // Lesotho 1656 "lt", // Lithuania 1657 "lu", // Luxembourg 1658 "lv", // Latvia 1659 "ly", // Libya 1660 "ma", // Morocco 1661 "mc", // Monaco 1662 "md", // Moldova 1663 "me", // Montenegro 1664 "mg", // Madagascar 1665 "mh", // Marshall Islands 1666 "mk", // Republic of Macedonia 1667 "ml", // Mali 1668 "mm", // Myanmar 1669 "mn", // Mongolia 1670 "mo", // Macau 1671 "mp", // Northern Mariana Islands 1672 "mq", // Martinique 1673 "mr", // Mauritania 1674 "ms", // Montserrat 1675 "mt", // Malta 1676 "mu", // Mauritius 1677 "mv", // Maldives 1678 "mw", // Malawi 1679 "mx", // Mexico 1680 "my", // Malaysia 1681 "mz", // Mozambique 1682 "na", // Namibia 1683 "nc", // New Caledonia 1684 "ne", // Niger 1685 "nf", // Norfolk Island 1686 "ng", // Nigeria 1687 "ni", // Nicaragua 1688 "nl", // Netherlands 1689 "no", // Norway 1690 "np", // Nepal 1691 "nr", // Nauru 1692 "nu", // Niue 1693 "nz", // New Zealand 1694 "om", // Oman 1695 "pa", // Panama 1696 "pe", // Peru 1697 "pf", // French Polynesia With Clipperton Island 1698 "pg", // Papua New Guinea 1699 "ph", // Philippines 1700 "pk", // Pakistan 1701 "pl", // Poland 1702 "pm", // Saint-Pierre and Miquelon 1703 "pn", // Pitcairn Islands 1704 "pr", // Puerto Rico 1705 "ps", // Palestinian territories (PA-controlled West Bank and Gaza Strip) 1706 "pt", // Portugal 1707 "pw", // Palau 1708 "py", // Paraguay 1709 "qa", // Qatar 1710 "re", // Réunion 1711 "ro", // Romania 1712 "rs", // Serbia 1713 "ru", // Russia 1714 "rw", // Rwanda 1715 "sa", // Saudi Arabia 1716 "sb", // Solomon Islands 1717 "sc", // Seychelles 1718 "sd", // Sudan 1719 "se", // Sweden 1720 "sg", // Singapore 1721 "sh", // Saint Helena 1722 "si", // Slovenia 1723 "sj", // Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no) 1724 "sk", // Slovakia 1725 "sl", // Sierra Leone 1726 "sm", // San Marino 1727 "sn", // Senegal 1728 "so", // Somalia 1729 "sr", // Suriname 1730 "st", // São Tomé and Príncipe 1731 "su", // Soviet Union (deprecated) 1732 "sv", // El Salvador 1733 "sx", // Sint Maarten 1734 "sy", // Syria 1735 "sz", // Swaziland 1736 "tc", // Turks and Caicos Islands 1737 "td", // Chad 1738 "tf", // French Southern and Antarctic Lands 1739 "tg", // Togo 1740 "th", // Thailand 1741 "tj", // Tajikistan 1742 "tk", // Tokelau 1743 "tl", // East Timor (deprecated old code) 1744 "tm", // Turkmenistan 1745 "tn", // Tunisia 1746 "to", // Tonga 1747 //"tp", // East Timor (Retired) 1748 "tr", // Turkey 1749 "tt", // Trinidad and Tobago 1750 "tv", // Tuvalu 1751 "tw", // Taiwan, Republic of China 1752 "tz", // Tanzania 1753 "ua", // Ukraine 1754 "ug", // Uganda 1755 "uk", // United Kingdom 1756 "us", // United States of America 1757 "uy", // Uruguay 1758 "uz", // Uzbekistan 1759 "va", // Vatican City State 1760 "vc", // Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1761 "ve", // Venezuela 1762 "vg", // British Virgin Islands 1763 "vi", // U.S. Virgin Islands 1764 "vn", // Vietnam 1765 "vu", // Vanuatu 1766 "wf", // Wallis and Futuna 1767 "ws", // Samoa (formerly Western Samoa) 1768 "xn--3e0b707e", // 한국 KISA (Korea Internet & Security Agency) 1769 "xn--45brj9c", // ভারত National Internet Exchange of India 1770 "xn--80ao21a", // қаз Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan 1771 "xn--90a3ac", // срб Serbian National Internet Domain Registry (RNIDS) 1772 "xn--90ais", // ??? Reliable Software Inc. 1773 "xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd", // சிங்கப்பூர் Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd 1774 "xn--d1alf", // мкд Macedonian Academic Research Network Skopje 1775 "xn--e1a4c", // ею EURid vzw/asbl 1776 "xn--fiqs8s", // 中国 China Internet Network Information Center 1777 "xn--fiqz9s", // 中國 China Internet Network Information Center 1778 "xn--fpcrj9c3d", // భారత్ National Internet Exchange of India 1779 "xn--fzc2c9e2c", // ලංකා LK Domain Registry 1780 "xn--gecrj9c", // ભારત National Internet Exchange of India 1781 "xn--h2brj9c", // भारत National Internet Exchange of India 1782 "xn--j1amh", // укр Ukrainian Network Information Centre (UANIC), Inc. 1783 "xn--j6w193g", // 香港 Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation Ltd. 1784 "xn--kprw13d", // 台湾 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC) 1785 "xn--kpry57d", // 台灣 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC) 1786 "xn--l1acc", // мон Datacom Co.,Ltd 1787 "xn--lgbbat1ad8j", // الجزائر CERIST 1788 "xn--mgb9awbf", // عمان Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) 1789 "xn--mgba3a4f16a", // ایران Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) 1790 "xn--mgbaam7a8h", // امارات Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) 1791 "xn--mgbayh7gpa", // الاردن National Information Technology Center (NITC) 1792 "xn--mgbbh1a71e", // بھارت National Internet Exchange of India 1793 "xn--mgbc0a9azcg", // المغرب Agence Nationale de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT) 1794 "xn--mgberp4a5d4ar", // السعودية Communications and Information Technology Commission 1795 "xn--mgbpl2fh", // ????? Sudan Internet Society 1796 "xn--mgbtx2b", // عراق Communications and Media Commission (CMC) 1797 "xn--mgbx4cd0ab", // مليسيا MYNIC Berhad 1798 "xn--mix891f", // 澳門 Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation (DSRT) 1799 "xn--node", // გე Information Technologies Development Center (ITDC) 1800 "xn--o3cw4h", // ไทย Thai Network Information Center Foundation 1801 "xn--ogbpf8fl", // سورية National Agency for Network Services (NANS) 1802 "xn--p1ai", // рф Coordination Center for TLD RU 1803 "xn--pgbs0dh", // تونس Agence Tunisienne d'Internet 1804 "xn--qxam", // ελ ICS-FORTH GR 1805 "xn--s9brj9c", // ਭਾਰਤ National Internet Exchange of India 1806 "xn--wgbh1c", // مصر National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority - NTRA 1807 "xn--wgbl6a", // قطر Communications Regulatory Authority 1808 "xn--xkc2al3hye2a", // இலங்கை LK Domain Registry 1809 "xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h", // இந்தியா National Internet Exchange of India 1810 "xn--y9a3aq", // ??? Internet Society 1811 "xn--yfro4i67o", // 新加坡 Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd 1812 "xn--ygbi2ammx", // فلسطين Ministry of Telecom & Information Technology (MTIT) 1813 "ye", // Yemen 1814 "yt", // Mayotte 1815 "za", // South Africa 1816 "zm", // Zambia 1817 "zw", // Zimbabwe 1818 }; 1819 1820 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1821 private static final String[] LOCAL_TLDS = { 1822 "localdomain", // Also widely used as localhost.localdomain 1823 "localhost", // RFC2606 defined 1824 }; 1825 1826 // Additional arrays to supplement or override the built in ones. 1827 // The PLUS arrays are valid keys, the MINUS arrays are invalid keys 1828 1829 /* 1830 * This field is used to detect whether the getInstance has been called. 1831 * After this, the method updateTLDOverride is not allowed to be called. 1832 * This field does not need to be volatile since it is only accessed from 1833 * synchronized methods. 1834 */ 1835 private static boolean inUse; 1836 1837 /* 1838 * These arrays are mutable, but they don't need to be volatile. 1839 * They can only be updated by the updateTLDOverride method, and any readers must get an instance 1840 * using the getInstance methods which are all (now) synchronised. 1841 */ 1842 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1843 private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1844 1845 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1846 private static volatile String[] genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1847 1848 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1849 private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1850 1851 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1852 private static volatile String[] genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1853 1854 /** 1855 * enum used by {@link DomainValidator#updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])} 1856 * to determine which override array to update / fetch 1857 * @since 1.5.0 1858 * @since 1.5.1 made public and added read-only array references 1859 */ 1860 public enum ArrayType { 1861 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional generic TLDs */ 1862 GENERIC_PLUS, 1863 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted generic TLDs */ 1864 GENERIC_MINUS, 1865 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional country code TLDs */ 1866 COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS, 1867 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted country code TLDs */ 1868 COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS, 1869 /** Get a copy of the generic TLDS table */ 1870 GENERIC_RO, 1871 /** Get a copy of the country code table */ 1872 COUNTRY_CODE_RO, 1873 /** Get a copy of the infrastructure table */ 1874 INFRASTRUCTURE_RO, 1875 /** Get a copy of the local table */ 1876 LOCAL_RO 1877 } 1878 1879 // For use by unit test code only 1880 static synchronized void clearTLDOverrides() { 1881 inUse = false; 1882 countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1883 countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1884 genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1885 genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1886 } 1887 1888 /** 1889 * Update one of the TLD override arrays. 1890 * This must only be done at program startup, before any instances are accessed using getInstance. 1891 * <p> 1892 * For example: 1893 * <p> 1894 * <code>DomainValidator.updateTLDOverride(ArrayType.GENERIC_PLUS, new String[]{"apache"})}</code> 1895 * <p> 1896 * To clear an override array, provide an empty array. 1897 * 1898 * @param table the table to update, see {@link DomainValidator.ArrayType} 1899 * Must be one of the following 1900 * <ul> 1901 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS</li> 1902 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS</li> 1903 * <li>GENERIC_MINUS</li> 1904 * <li>GENERIC_PLUS</li> 1905 * </ul> 1906 * @param tlds the array of TLDs, must not be null 1907 * @throws IllegalStateException if the method is called after getInstance 1908 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the read-only tables is requested 1909 * @since 1.5.0 1910 */ 1911 public static synchronized void updateTLDOverride(ArrayType table, String... tlds) { 1912 if (inUse) { 1913 throw new IllegalStateException("Can only invoke this method before calling getInstance"); 1914 } 1915 String[] copy = new String[tlds.length]; 1916 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries 1917 for (int i = 0; i < tlds.length; i++) { 1918 copy[i] = tlds[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH); 1919 } 1920 Arrays.sort(copy); 1921 switch(table) { 1922 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: 1923 countryCodeTLDsMinus = copy; 1924 break; 1925 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: 1926 countryCodeTLDsPlus = copy; 1927 break; 1928 case GENERIC_MINUS: 1929 genericTLDsMinus = copy; 1930 break; 1931 case GENERIC_PLUS: 1932 genericTLDsPlus = copy; 1933 break; 1934 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO: 1935 case GENERIC_RO: 1936 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO: 1937 case LOCAL_RO: 1938 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot update the table: " + table); 1939 default: 1940 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table); 1941 } 1942 } 1943 1944 /** 1945 * Get a copy of the internal array. 1946 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values) 1947 * @return a copy of the array 1948 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected (should not happen) 1949 * @since 1.5.1 1950 */ 1951 public static String[] getTLDEntries(ArrayType table) { 1952 final String[] array; 1953 switch(table) { 1954 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: 1955 array = countryCodeTLDsMinus; 1956 break; 1957 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: 1958 array = countryCodeTLDsPlus; 1959 break; 1960 case GENERIC_MINUS: 1961 array = genericTLDsMinus; 1962 break; 1963 case GENERIC_PLUS: 1964 array = genericTLDsPlus; 1965 break; 1966 case GENERIC_RO: 1967 array = GENERIC_TLDS; 1968 break; 1969 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO: 1970 array = COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS; 1971 break; 1972 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO: 1973 array = INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS; 1974 break; 1975 case LOCAL_RO: 1976 array = LOCAL_TLDS; 1977 break; 1978 default: 1979 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table); 1980 } 1981 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array 1982 } 1983 1984 /** 1985 * Converts potentially Unicode input to punycode. 1986 * If conversion fails, returns the original input. 1987 * 1988 * @param input the string to convert, not null 1989 * @return converted input, or original input if conversion fails 1990 */ 1991 // Needed by UrlValidator 1992 public static String unicodeToASCII(String input) { 1993 if (isOnlyASCII(input)) { // skip possibly expensive processing 1994 return input; 1995 } 1996 try { 1997 final String ascii = IDN.toASCII(input); 1998 if (IdnBugHolder.IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS) { 1999 return ascii; 2000 } 2001 final int length = input.length(); 2002 if (length == 0) { // check there is a last character 2003 return input; 2004 } 2005 // RFC3490 3.1. 1) 2006 // Whenever dots are used as label separators, the following 2007 // characters MUST be recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002 2008 // (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61 2009 // (halfwidth ideographic full stop). 2010 char lastChar = input.charAt(length-1); // fetch original last char 2011 switch(lastChar) { 2012 case '\u002E': // "." full stop 2013 case '\u3002': // ideographic full stop 2014 case '\uFF0E': // fullwidth full stop 2015 case '\uFF61': // halfwidth ideographic full stop 2016 return ascii + '.'; // restore the missing stop 2017 default: 2018 return ascii; 2019 } 2020 } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { // input is not valid 2021 Logging.trace(e); 2022 return input; 2023 } 2024 } 2025 2026 private static class IdnBugHolder { 2027 private static boolean keepsTrailingDot() { 2028 final String input = "a."; // must be a valid name 2029 return input.equals(IDN.toASCII(input)); 2030 } 2031 2032 private static final boolean IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS = keepsTrailingDot(); 2033 } 2034 2035 /* 2036 * Check if input contains only ASCII 2037 * Treats null as all ASCII 2038 */ 2039 private static boolean isOnlyASCII(String input) { 2040 if (input == null) { 2041 return true; 2042 } 2043 for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) { 2044 if (input.charAt(i) > 0x7F) { // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber 2045 return false; 2046 } 2047 } 2048 return true; 2049 } 2050 2051 /** 2052 * Check if a sorted array contains the specified key 2053 * 2054 * @param sortedArray the array to search 2055 * @param key the key to find 2056 * @return {@code true} if the array contains the key 2057 */ 2058 private static boolean arrayContains(String[] sortedArray, String key) { 2059 return Arrays.binarySearch(sortedArray, key) >= 0; 2060 } 2061}